Sex differences in energy intake, sweat rate, and electrolyte loss among world-class archers during competition.

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Ozcan Esen, Stuart Goodall
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Limited evidence reports energy and macronutrient intake during competitive archery and whether any sex differences exist. Understanding these factors will provide insights into physiological demands and could inform more effective strategies to optimize performance for all archers in this precision-demanding sport. This study aimed to evaluate sweat rate (SR), sweat electrolyte loss, and energy intake (EI) in world-class archers throughout competition.

Method: Eight (4 females) elite-standard archers (age: 21 ± 2 and 19 ± 1 years; body mass: 65.1 ± 2.8 and 60.1 ± 4.1 kg; stature: 179.3 ± 5.1 and 162.3 ± 0.8 cm, for males and females, respectively) from the Turkish National Archery Team participated. Data were collected over four days; assessments of hydration, SR, sweat composition ([Na+] and [K+]), and nutritional intake were completed at the same time each day.

Results: Male archers consumed more total energy (2,889 vs. 2,353 kcal, p = 0.007) and carbohydrates (5.3 vs. 3.9 g/kg, p = 0.046) compared to females, with intake fluctuating based on competition demands (i.e. match duration, and the total distance walked). SR and sweat [K+] loss, were greater in males compared to females (p ≤0.006). In contrast, no sex differences were observed in other hydration parameters (sweat [Na+] loss, urine-specific gravity). Moreover, all archers maintained adequate hydration status throughout the competition, with no differences in pre- and post-competition hydration levels (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study expands on previous research by incorporating sex-specific analyses, demonstrating that while energy and carbohydrate intake varies between male and female archers, hydration-related variables remain consistent.

世界级射箭运动员在比赛中能量摄入、排汗率和电解质流失的性别差异。
背景:有限的证据报告了竞技射箭期间能量和常量营养素的摄入以及是否存在任何性别差异。了解这些因素将有助于了解生理需求,并为所有弓箭手在这项要求精确的运动中优化表现提供更有效的策略。本研究旨在评估世界级射箭运动员在比赛过程中的出汗率(SR)、汗液电解质损失和能量摄入(EI)。方法:优秀标准弓箭手8名(女性4名),年龄分别为21±2岁和19±1岁;体重:65.1±2.8和60.1±4.1 kg;身高:179.3±5.1厘米,男女分别为162.3±0.8厘米),来自土耳其国家射箭队。数据在四天内收集;每天同一时间完成水合作用、SR、汗液成分([Na+]和[K+])和营养摄入的评估。结果:与女性相比,男性弓箭手消耗的总能量(2,889对2,353千卡,p = 0.007)和碳水化合物(5.3对3.9 g/kg, p = 0.046)更多,其摄入量根据比赛需求(即比赛持续时间和总步行距离)而波动。男性的SR和汗液[K+]损失高于女性(p≤0.006)。相比之下,在其他水合参数(汗液[Na+]损失,尿比重)中没有观察到性别差异。此外,所有的弓箭手在整个比赛过程中都保持了足够的水分状态,赛前和赛后的水分水平没有差异(p > 0.05)。结论:本研究通过纳入性别特异性分析扩展了先前的研究,表明尽管男性和女性弓箭手的能量和碳水化合物摄入量不同,但与水合作用相关的变量保持一致。
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来源期刊
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition NUTRITION & DIETETICS-SPORT SCIENCES
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
3.90%
发文量
34
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN) focuses on the acute and chronic effects of sports nutrition and supplementation strategies on body composition, physical performance and metabolism. JISSN is aimed at researchers and sport enthusiasts focused on delivering knowledge on exercise and nutrition on health, disease, rehabilitation, training, and performance. The journal provides a platform on which readers can determine nutritional strategies that may enhance exercise and/or training adaptations leading to improved health and performance.
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