Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Acute phenylcapsaicin supplementation improves CrossFit® performance: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Alejandro R Triviño, Carlos Díaz-Romero, Juan J Martin-Olmedo, Pablo Jimenez-Martinez, Carlos Alix-Fages, Magdalena Cwiklinska, Daniela Pérez, David Funes Pol, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2615274","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2615274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenylcapsaicin (PC) may enhance high-intensity exercise performance by reducing perceived exertion, increasing mechanical output, and limiting muscle damage, making it potentially beneficial for CrossFit^® (CF) athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the acute effects of PC supplementation on performance, recovery, and metabolic responses during a CF session.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study had a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Fifty CF-trained athletes (50% women) ingested either 2.5 mg of PC or a placebo (PLA) 45 minutes before a standardized CF session, including a warm-up, weightlifting block, and WOD. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was assessed 24- and 48-hours post-session. Countermovement jump (CMJ) was evaluated pre- and post-session, while a deep squat at 70% 1RM was performed post-session. Throughout the session, heart rate, capillary lactate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived recovery status (PRS) were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to PLA, PC improved squat performance at 70% 1RM in both load and repetitions (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.035), attenuated the decline in CMJ (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and maintained weightlifting performance over time (<i>P</i> interaction = 0.011), with significantly higher load in round 9 (<i>P</i> = 0.030). No differences were observed during the WOD (<i>P</i> interaction ≥ 0.826). DOMS was significantly lower in the PC group at both 24 h and 48 h (<i>P</i> = 0.030), while no group differences were found for lactate, RPE, PRS, or heart rate (<i>P</i> interaction ≥ 0.340). Analysis stratified by sex showed that PC reduced CMJ loss in men (<i>P</i> = 0.043) and increased squat load in women (<i>P</i> = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, acute PC supplementation enhances performance and recovery in CF athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2615274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12810409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined resistance exercise and essential amino acid intake enhance follistatin/myostatin ratio and muscle fitness in older women: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Deokhwa Jeong, Rudy J Valentine, Hyeongmo Jeong, Jun-Young Sung, Heekyoung Lim, Sunghwun Kang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2646626","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2646626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-associated sarcopenia and declining physical function in older women are connected to changes in hormones, inflammation, and disrupted protein metabolism. Myokines and cytokines play central roles in muscle atrophy. While both resistance exercise (RE) and essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation are promising interventions, limited randomized trials have assessed their combined effect in healthy elderly populations. Early targeted strategies may help delay sarcopenia and promote healthier aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed involving 96 healthy women aged ≥ 65 years without insulin resistance. Participants were randomized into four groups: control, RE, EAA, or RE + EAA. The intervention consisted of a circuit-based training program conducted three times per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes at moderate intensity. Participants in EAA and RE + EAA groups consumed 5.5g of EAA twice daily. Assessments before and after the intervention included body composition, muscle fitness, serum myokines, and inflammatory cytokines. Data analysis involved two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons, and one-way ANOVA for changes in the follistatin/myostatin ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RE + EAA group demonstrated a significant increase in muscle mass (F(3, 72) = 5.042, <i>p</i> < 0.001, partial η² = 0.174) and greater improvements in the senior fitness test (<i>p</i> ranging from < 0.05 to < 0.001). There was a reduction in myostatin levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and an elevation in follistatin in both the RE (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and RE + EAA (<i>p</i> < 0.001) groups. The follistatin/myostatin ratio increased most in the RE + EAA group (F(3, 72) = 5.556, <i>p</i> = 0.002, partial η² = 0.188), with significance versus control (<i>p</i> < 0.001), EAA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) groups. IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly reduced in the RE (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and RE + EAA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) groups, whereas TNF-<i>α</i> decreased only in the RE + EAA group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 12-week intervention combining resistance exercise and essential amino acid supplementation was superior to either intervention alone in enhancing muscle mass, muscle fitness, myokine profiles, and reducing inflammatory markers among healthy older women. These results support the development of early combined interventions for the prevention of sarcopenia and may guide personalized exercise-nutrition prescriptions for optimal aging.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>KCT 0010756 (Retrospectively registered; July 15, 2025).</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2646626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soccer pass performance following caffeine intake with deliberate or maintenance practice.","authors":"Burak Çağlar Yaşlı, Özcan Esen, Aysberg Şamil Önlü, Oğuzhan Tuncel, Muhammed Uygar Sertkaya, Alejandro Muñoz, Raci Karayiğit","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2663140","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2663140","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The impact of caffeine on strength and endurance performance is well acknowledged, yet its influence on skill performance remains contentious. A potential scenario in which caffeine augments the efficacy of practice could be useful for sports brokers who diligently pursue every nuance to enhance performance. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of 3 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of caffeinated coffee intake combined with deliberate (DP) or maintenance practice (MP) on passing performance in adolescent football players. The study also discusses how DP and MP affect passing accuracy without considering caffeine or placebo conditions, as well as how athletes perceive DP and MP and whether caffeine supplementation influences these perceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fourteen adolescent male football players (14.07 ± 0.26 years; 174.28 ± 3.12 cm; 57.21 ± 8.40 kg) participated in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, and crossover research design. For the experimental protocols, each participant visited an artificial turf pitch on four occasions, separated by 48 h. They received 3 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of caffeine sourced from coffee with DP (1), caffeinated coffee intake with MP (2), decaffeinated coffee with DP (3), and decaffeinated coffee with MP (4). Upon concluding the practice regimes, the athletes promptly expressed their evaluations of the practice on a scale of 1-10. The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), the One-Touch Passing Test (OTPT), and the Long Passing Test (LPT) were administered to evaluate participants' passing proficiency at both the beginning and end of each session.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There was no difference in LSPT, OTPT, or LPT values following caffeine (CAF) and placebo (PLA) supplementation after DP or MP. Regardless of CAF-PLA conditions, although both practices improve the LSPT original time, penalty time, and performance time, only MP increases the LPT score (21.9%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03). Caffeine also has no additional modifier effect on practice perceptions. DP is considered more mentally challenging than MP (4.18 ± 2.3 & 1.9 ± 1.2; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05), but both practices are similar in terms of relevancy, enjoyment, and physicality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;3 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of caffeinated coffee has no additional effects on DP or MP for passing performance. Regardless of CAF or PLA intake, both practices improve short-term passing, yet only MP appears effective for enhancing long-term passing in players with average technical ability. Accordingly, coaches may consider incorporating these strategies into pre-match warm-ups or structured training programs. Moreover, CAF did not influence players' perceptions of the training sessions, particularly when physical demand was minimal. Similarly, when comparing DP and MP, athletes reported similar perceptions, suggesting that the practical application of DP in field-based settings ma","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2663140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of six weeks of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate on cognitive function and markers of health in healthy adults.","authors":"Jisun Chun, Khatereh Babakhani, Drew E Gonzalez, Broderick Dickerson, Ryan J Sowinski, Chris J Rasmussen, Richard B Kreider","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2711032","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2711032","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation has been reported to increase brain creatine content more effectively than creatine monohydrate (CrM). However, the effects on cognitive function are unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this proof-of-concept exploratory clinical trial was to determine whether GAA supplementation with and without CrM affects cognitive function and/or markers of health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced manner, 58 healthy and active adults (33 females, 35.5 ± 14 years, 76.2 ± 14 kg) ingested a PLA (PLA, 2 × 6 g/d maltodextrin), GAA (2 × 1 g/d) + PLA (2 × 5 g/d), or GAA (2 × 1 g/d) + CrM (2 × 5 g/d) for six weeks. The participants donated fasting blood samples and completed a battery of tests and questionnaires assessing various aspects of function, mood, stress, sleep quality, and markers of health at baseline and after six weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) multivariate and univariate with repeated measures, and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals, and Chi-squared analysis, and considered significant when the probability of error was 0.05 or less, and approaching significance (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.10).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;GAA supplementation tended to improve overall reaction time (-241.8 ms [-533, 50], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.10) while significant interaction effects were observed in overall reaction time (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.031-330 ms [-629, -31]) and YES reaction time (-290 ms [-484, -96], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004) while recalled correct reaction time (-178 ms [-374, 21], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.078) and recalled correct YES (7.4 % [-1, 15.8], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.084) approached significance compared to PLA. Limited to no effects were observed on the Delayed Picture Recognition Task Test, Digit Vigilance Task Test, Corsi Block Task Test, or Stroop Color-Word Task Test. The amount of time engaged in moderate physical activity was significantly greater (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) in the GAA group compared to PLA. Participants in the GAA group reported a lower frequency of controlling irritations (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.036), and feeling like difficulties are mounting (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.053) on the Perceived Stress Scale. Some positive and potentially undesirable effects were observed in sleep quality assessments. The quality of life assessment revealed that participants in the GAA group reported less frequent feelings of being worn out (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.068) and that their health was excellent (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.092) while those in the GAA + CrM group reported more frequent limitations when bending, kneeling, or stooping (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.053), more often feeling full of life (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.081), and less frequency in feeling downhearted and depressed (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.066). No clinically meaningful changes were observed in blood markers or self-reported side effects among the groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Diet","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 sup1","pages":"2711032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance training combined with creatine supplementation: a three-level meta-analysis of multidimensional outcomes from strength enhancement to body composition remodeling.","authors":"Hai Wang, Hao Wang, Xianyang Xin, Zheng Yi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2718316","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2718316","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to determine (1) the effects of resistance training combined with creatine supplementation on muscle strength (upper- and lower-body strength) and body composition (lean mass, fat mass, body-fat percentage, and body mass), and (2) whether these effects were moderated by participant characteristics (age, gender, and training experience) and intervention protocols (intervention duration, weekly frequency, dosing strategy, daily dose, and supplementation protocol).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO from database inception through April 21 2025, and performed backward citation tracking to identify additional relevant trials. Hedge's g (g) served as the summary effect size for each outcome. Meta-analysis was performed using a three-level random-effects model in the metafor package (R). Potential moderators were explored via subgroup analyses and meta-regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty-three studies (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1489) were included. Compared with resistance training alone (RT), resistance training plus creatine (RT + CR) produced significant increases in upper-body strength (g = 0.54, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), lower-body strength (g = 0.55, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), lean mass (g = 0.30, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and body mass (g = 0.12, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04), and a significant reduction in body-fat percentage (g = -0.14, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02). No significant difference emerged for fat mass (g = -0.10, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.14). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that age may be associated with strength gains, with statistically significant between-subgroup differences observed for both upper- and lower-body strength. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because multiple moderator analyses were conducted and the age subgroups were unevenly represented. Exploratory meta-regression also suggested an inverse association between age and strength effects, with larger effects observed in studies involving younger participants. Neither subgroup nor meta-regression analyses identified consistent moderators for body composition outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Compared with resistance training alone, resistance training combined with creatine supplementation significantly enhanced muscle strength and lean body mass, without a significant effect on fat mass. The modest increase in total body weight was primarily attributable to gains in lean body mass, contributing to a slight reduction in body fat percentage. Among participant characteristics, age appeared to be associated with the magnitude of strength effects, although this exploratory finding should be interpreted cautiously given the uneven representation of age subgroups. Intervention-protocol variables did not significantly influence the outcomes. These conclusions should also be interpreted within the context of heterogeneous and incompletely reported nutritional ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 sup1","pages":"2718316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions with and without L-menthol on hydration and performance recovery following simulated firefighting exercise.","authors":"Yi-Ju Hsu, Chin-Shan Ho, Chun-Hao Chang, Tsan-Wei Chuang, Shao-Hua Shang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2676193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2676193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firefighting tasks performed in full protective equipment (PPE) impose extreme thermal and physical strain, providing a model of high-intensity exercise with substantial fluid and electrolyte loss. This study compared the effects of plain water (W), a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES), and a menthol-supplemented carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (MCES) on hydration and performance recovery during the first hour of post-exercise recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four male firefighters completed a standardized simulated firefighting protocol in protective clothing. Participants were randomly assigned to W, CES, or MCES (<i>n</i> = 8 each) and consumed 1.0 L of fluid during 60 minutes of recovery. Hydration status was evaluated using body-mass restoration, salivary osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine color, and urinary electrolytes. Renal markers, lactate clearance, cardiovascular and thermal responses, thirst ratings, and lower-limb explosive power were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass restoration showed significant group effects, with MCES greater than W and CES at 60 min (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Rehydration rate was higher for both CES and MCES than W (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Salivary osmolality and urinary sodium favored electrolyte solutions over water (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while urine specific gravity was lower in MCES compared with W and CES (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and BUN/creatinine ratios were higher in W than both electrolyte conditions at 30 and 60 min (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Lactate clearance was reduced in W compared with CES and MCES (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Jump height declined from pre- to post-recovery in the W and CES groups but was maintained within the MCES group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions improved hydration compared with water. L-menthol did not enhance rehydration but maintained explosive performance, supporting its role as a perceptual adjunct to electrolyte strategies for recovery after exercise in protective clothing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2676193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"12‑weeks fisetin supplementation and interval resistance with aerobic training: changes in Maresin‑1 and inflammatory markers in men with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mehran Alipour, Ayoub Saeidi, Keyvan Hejazi, Ismail Laher, Hassane Zouhal","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2679718","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2679718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is characterized by low‑grade chronic inflammation and impaired insulin sensitivity. Maresin‑1 (MaR1), a specialized pro‑resolving mediator, plays a critical role in terminating inflammation and supporting metabolic homeostasis; however, interventional data in humans remain scarce. This study examined whether fisetin supplementation augments the effects of concurrent interval resistance-aerobic training on Maresin‑1, pro‑inflammatory markers, and insulin resistance in obese men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 12‑week parallel‑group randomized controlled trial, 44 obese adult males (BMI > 30 kg/m²) completed one of four interventions: control-placebo (CP), fisetin (F) (200 mg/day), training-placebo (TP), or training-fisetin (TF). Training comprised eight resistance exercises at 60% 1RM with active rest followed by progressive aerobic bouts (50%-70% HRmax). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including plasma Maresin‑1, interleukin-6 (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF‑α), fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin, and HOMA‑IR, were assessed pre‑ and post‑intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interactions were observed for Maresin‑1 (<i>p</i> = 0.034), IL‑6 (<i>p</i> = 0.001), TNF‑α (<i>p</i> = 0.001), FBS (<i>p</i> = 0.001), insulin (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and HOMA‑IR (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Maresin‑1 increased in the TP (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and TF (<i>p</i> = 0.001) groups. IL‑6 decreased in T (<i>p</i> = 0.006), TF (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and F (<i>p</i> = 0.013) groups. TNF‑α decreased in all intervention groups (F, TP, and TF) (<i>p</i> = 0.002). FBS, insulin, and HOMA‑IR decreased significantly in all active arms (<i>p</i> = 0.003), with the greatest reductions in the TF group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Twelve weeks of concurrent interval resistance-aerobic training, especially when combined with fisetin, improved inflammatory resolution (↑Maresin‑1, ↓IL‑6, and ↓TNF‑α) and metabolic control (↓FBS, ↓insulin, and ↓HOMA‑IR) in obese men. The synergy between exercise‑induced adaptations and fisetin's anti‑inflammatory properties offers a promising non‑pharmacological strategy for mitigating obesity‑related metabolic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2679718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13224698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketone monoester ingestion and cognitive and physical performance during exercise-heat stress.","authors":"Blaine S Lints, Riccardo F Romersi, Jenica N Earl, Maria G Lombardi, Katelynn T Persaud, Noah K Nakagawa, Chimaobim E Martin-Diala, Gianna F Mastrofini, Adam T Harrison, Susan W Yeargin, R Davis Moore, Jose Antonio, Shawn M Arent","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2695136","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2695136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Sustaining cognitive and physical performance under extreme environmental conditions is critical for special operation forces (SOF). Hyperthermia negatively impacts cognitive function due to reductions in cerebral blood flow, substrate availability, thermal tolerance, and increased cardiovascular strain. While ketone monoester have demonstrated beneficial effects on cognition, their efficacy during exercise-heat stress remains unexplored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Seventeen endurance-trained males (age = 23.8 ± 5.2 y; VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max = 58.6 ± 3.2 ml·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) completed a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study. Participants ingested 4 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; caffeine combined with either a ketone monoester (KET; (R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) or an energy-matched carbohydrate control (CHO; Cluster Dextrin™). Each experimental visit consisted of 90 minutes of loaded treadmill exercise in the heat (34 °C, 45% RH) followed by a high-intensity time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test. Cognitive performance (1-back, 2-back, Dynavision reaction time [RT], object hit and avoid [OHA]), blood metabolites, average heart rate, and core body temperature (CBT) were assessed before, during, and after exercise and analyzed using linear mixed-model ANCOVA. TTE duration and maximal heart rate during TTE were analyzed using paired-samples t tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;For cognitive performance, KET demonstrated significantly greater 1-back total accuracy (+2.8%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) and target accuracy (8.9%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) relative to CHO across all timepoints, Additionally, KET increased overall target discrimination (d': + 0.3, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) irrespective of task condition and timepoint. For 2-back, no overall between-condition differences were observed in total or target accuracy across time points, although task difficulty remained higher than 1-back performance overall. No between-condition differences were observed for RT or OHA outcomes. For blood metabolites, KET significantly increased circulating BHB concentrations relative to CHO at mid- and post-exercise (+1.7 and + 3.5 mmol·L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively; both &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and reduced blood glucose by 14.7 and 27.6 mg·dL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at the same time points (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002 and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, respectively). For average heart rate, there was a main effect of time, with heart rate lower during the first 45-minutes exercise bout than the second (-7.7 beats·min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01), but no effect of condition (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.453). CBT increased over time in both conditions (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) but did not differ between KET and CHO (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.065). TTE duration was significantly longer following KET than CHO (8.9 ± 4.6 vs 7.0 ± 2.1 min; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04), whereas maximal heart rate during TTE did not differ between conditions (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.112).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Ketone monoester i","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2695136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nutritional interventions on competitive performance and dose‒response relationships among esports players of different skill levels: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiayi Yao, Junhao He, Enliang Hu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2663363","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2663363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Esports place exceptional demands on neuropsychological capacities; however, a systematic and quantitative synthesis of the specific efficacy of nutritional interventions across various tasks and competitive populations remains absent. This study aims to evaluate the impact of nutritional supplementation on cognitive function and competitive performance in esports players and to explore key moderating variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched (up to January 25, 2026). Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. A three-level random-effects model was employed to calculate the pooled effect size (Hedges' g), with sources of heterogeneity explored through subgroup analyses and meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nutritional interventions significantly enhanced esports-related performance (g = 0.92), with the most pronounced benefits observed in processing speed (g = 1.18) and executive function (g = 1.06). Subgroup analyses revealed significant gains in both professional (g = 0.97) and amateur groups (g = 0.92), while the improvement in first-person shooter (FPS) games (g = 0.96) appeared to surpass that in multiplayer online battle athlete (MOBA) games. Meta-regression indicated no significant linear correlation between caffeine dosage and effect size. GRADE assessment categorized the quality of evidence mostly as \"low\" to \"moderate.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nutritional interventions demonstrate significant potential for optimizing multidimensional cognitive performance in esports players, particularly in enhancing fundamental reaction speed and high-level decision-making processes. While the findings exhibit a degree of robustness, their practical application should be cautiously evaluated within specific competitive contexts due to current limitations in evidence certainty and significant interstudy heterogeneity. Future research characterized by gender balance and mechanistic orientation with long-term intervention protocols is warranted to elevate the level of clinical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2663363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could creatine supplementation combined with physical rehabilitation accelerate return to play in athletes with patellar tendinopathy?","authors":"Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Marco Malaguti, Borja Sañudo, Álvaro López-Samanes, Alejandro F San Juan, Raúl Domínguez","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2718846","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2718846","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Several dietary supplements have been proposed to positively influence the rehabilitation process following injury. However, to date, no studies have specifically examined the effects of scientifically supported ergogenic aids on recovery outcomes when combined with physical performance interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on neuromuscular performance, tendon thickness, pain, and body composition in athletes diagnosed with patellar tendinopathy (PT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a triple-blind experimental design, 20 federated athletes (age: 33.7 ± 9.84 years) with PT were randomly assigned to either a creatine supplementation group (CR; n = 9) or a placebo group (PLA; n = 11). All participants followed a physical rehabilitation intervention that included daily eccentric training combined with stretching exercises, along with one session every 10 days of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and manual therapy targeting the tendon and surrounding muscle tissue. At the end of each eccentric training session, the participants ingested 3 capsules of creatine monohydrate - Creapure® (CR) or sucrose (PLA). At the beginning (PRE), after 4 weeks (MID), and after 8 weeks (POST), the pain level (Victorian Institute for Sports Assessment-Patella, VISA-&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;), tendon thickness (echography), body composition (bioelectrical impedance system), and neuromuscular performance using a countermovement jump test (CMJ) and a strength test (5-RM) of knee extension in the injured leg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A significant main effect of time was observed for VISA-&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; scores (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.626), indicating a reduction in pain over time in both the creatine (CR) and placebo (PLA) groups. At POST, both groups showed significant improvements compared to PRE (CR: 78.0 points [69.2-86.8] vs. 60.6 points [53.4-67.7]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002; PLA: 75.2 points [66.3-84.0] vs. 60.0 points [52.5-67.5]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003). However, only the CR group showed a statistically significant improvement in the MID compared to PRE (MID: 70.2 points [60.0-80.5]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027). A significant main effect of time was observed for both tendon thickness (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.629) and the 5-RM leg extension test (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.739), with both groups showing progressive improvements over time. Nevertheless, as trend toward a statistically significant time·supplementation interaction was observed (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.099; η2p = 0.126), with an increase in performance only in CMJ in MID vs PRE (36.8  cm (33.8-39.7) vs 34.3  cm (30.8-37.7); &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.019) and POST vs MID (POST: 37.6  cm (33.5-41.8); &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;A physical rehabilitation program involving eccentric training, stretching, and ESWT is effective in reducing tendon thickness and increasi","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 sup1","pages":"2718846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}