Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2607163","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2607163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2607163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2633020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2633020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2633020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12912227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body fat estimation in the Mexican women's national soccer team: a cross-sectional agreement study between a derived Mexican Football Federation anthropometric equation and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.","authors":"Carlos Abraham Herrera-Amante, Israel Ríos-Limas, Wiliam Carvajal-Veitía, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Citlalli Daniela Morón-López, Karla Jessica Mendoza-Sánchez, Jaime Andrés Figueroa-Conde, César Octavio Ramos-García, José Francisco López-Gil","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2690002","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2690002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Precise assessment of body composition is fundamental for monitoring training adaptations, guiding nutritional strategies, and informing performance-related decision-making in elite female soccer. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered a reference method; however, its limited accessibility restricts routine use in high-performance settings. Existing anthropometric equations often lack population-specific validation, particularly for elite Mexican female soccer players. This study aimed to derive and internally validate an anthropometric equation for estimating body fat percentage (%BF) and to evaluate its agreement with DXA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven elite players from the Mexican Women's National Team underwent DXA assessment and International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK)-standardized anthropometry during a training camp. Sample-size adequacy was assessed a posteriori. A multiple linear regression model was derived using the sum of eight skinfolds (<i>Σ</i>8SF) and waist girth (WG) as predictors. Regression assumptions were verified through residual diagnostics, and multicollinearity was assessed using variance inflation factors. Predictive performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and standard error of estimate (SEE). Agreement with DXA was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Internal validation was performed using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The six historical anthropometric equations were additionally refitted to the present sample to enable a like-for-like comparison of predictor structures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mexican Footbal Federation equation (%BF = 0.12 × <i>Σ</i>8SF +0.39 × WG - 17.0) demonstrated moderate agreement with DXA (ICC = 0.71; mean bias: -0.05%; 95% LOA: -4.61% to +4.70%). The model explained 54% of the variance in DXA %BF (<i>R</i>² = 0.54; <i>R</i>²-adjusted = 0.50) and showed acceptable predictive performance (LOOCV <i>Q</i>² = 0.50; RMSE = 2.33%; MAE = 1.86%; SEE = 2.47%). After refitting each of the six historical anthropometric equations to the present sample, the Mexican Footbal Federation predictor combination retained the lowest RMSE (2.33% vs. 2.55-2.93%) and the highest ICC (0.71 vs. 0.44-0.63), supporting that the model's advantage stems from its predictor structure rather than calibration on the test data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Mexican Football Federation equation provides a population-specific, field-applicable tool for estimating %BF in elite Mexican female soccer players. External validation in larger and more diverse cohorts is required before its widespread application.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2690002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the micronutrient Sanopal® (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and α-ketoglutaric acid) on oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, oxygen saturation and exercise responses at altitude.","authors":"Simon Woyke, Teresa Troppmair, Norbert Mair, Herbert Oberacher, Thomas Haller, Martin Faulhaber, Hannes Gatterer","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2643684","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2643684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With increasing altitude, the partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) decrease, reducing physical performance. This study investigates whether the nutritional supplement Sanopal® (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and <i>α</i>-ketoglutaric acid) increases hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and SpO₂ during exercise at moderate altitude.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen healthy young sports students (12 females, 7 males) participated in a single-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study investigating the effects of Sanopal® at low (590 m) and moderate altitude (2900 m). Participants received Sanopal® or placebo in a randomized order, with measurements of SpO₂, heart rate, and blood parameters taken before and after ingestion, as well as before and after exercise at altitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under resting and acute hypoxia conditions, Sanopal® did not increase hemoglobin-oxygen affinity or SpO₂. At altitude and post-exercise, Hb-O₂ affinity decreased by approximately 5% in the PL trial but increased by approximately 2% in the SA session (interaction effect: <i>p</i> = 0.030). There were no significant differences in SpO₂ or heart rate between the Sanopal® and placebo groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sanopal® did not alter hemoglobin-oxygen affinity or SpO₂ under resting conditions in normoxia or acute hypoxia. After exercise at altitude, it slightly increased Hb-O₂ affinity without significantly affecting SpO₂ or other measured blood parameters. The modest increase in Hb-O₂ affinity following exercise may have limited the exercise-induced decrease in Hb-O₂ affinity. However, this increase was likely too small to significantly raise SpO₂ in this cohort at a relatively low altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2643684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12997480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acute HMB-FA supplementation on antioxidant status and muscle damage in Elite Judoka: a randomized pilot trial.","authors":"Seyed Morteza Tayebi, Meraj Mirzaei, Jeffrey R Stout","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2665962","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2665962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>High-intensity judo bouts induce oxidative stress and muscle damage, impairing recovery. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial examined whether acute <i>β</i>-hydroxy-<i>β</i>-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation influences muscle damage, oxidative stress, and antioxidant biomarkers in elite judoka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two male elite judoka were randomized to HMB-FA (1.0 g BetaTOR®) or placebo. Supplements were ingested after four simulated Olympic judo bouts. Blood was sampled pre-exercise, post-fourth bout, and 2 h post-bout for creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Twenty-one completed the protocol (one placebo dropout due to injury). Data were analyzed via 2 × 3 mixed ANOVA with partial <i>η</i>².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group differences were seen for CK, MDA, or TAC (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Significant group × time interactions were observed for CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), GPX (<i>p</i> = 0.031), and SOD (<i>p</i> = 0.025), indicating greater enzyme increases in HMB-FA (CAT + 54%, GPX + 38%, and SOD + 16%) than placebo (+7-14%). LDH declined in both groups (interaction, <i>p</i> = 0.001), but more so in the placebo group (-29.9%) than in the HMB-FA group (-18.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute post-exercise HMB-FA supplementation in elite judo athletes did not significantly influence muscle damage or oxidative stress markers but transiently increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GPX, and SOD). These findings suggest an enzyme-specific effect and highlight the need for future studies using more precise oxidative-stress markers and cellular assays to better evaluate antioxidant responses; however, these effects should be interpreted with caution due to potential limitations related to assay sensitivity and the timing of measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2665962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient intake and predictors of adequacy in female collegiate dancers consuming low-energy diets.","authors":"Samantha Brooks, Ann Frost, David J Sanders, Emaly Vatne, Tanya Calamoneri, Eli Stroh, Aydan Jordan, Brett S Nickerson, Catherine Saenz","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2679715","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2679715","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Collegiate dancers face high training loads, aesthetic pressures, and limited access to nutritional resources, elevating their risk for low energy intake and micronutrient insufficiency. Although inadequate micronutrient intake has been documented, prior studies are largely limited to single sites, ballet-focused programs, or short assessment periods, making findings difficult to generalize and leaving long-term habitual intake across diverse collegiate dance styles poorly understood. Given the elevated risk for low energy intake and nutrient inadequacy in this population, further investigation is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate habitual micronutrient intake in female collegiate dancers relative to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and sports nutrition guidelines, and to identify dietary predictors of micronutrient adequacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty female collegiate dancers from three U.S. university dance programs (mean age = 20.4 years; BMI = 21.1 kg/m²) completed the Diet History Questionnaire III. Total energy and micronutrient intake from food and supplements were quantified for calcium, iron, folate, omega‑3 fatty acids, and vitamins B12, C, and D. Adequacy relative to the RDA/Adequate Intake (AI) was determined for each nutrient. Fisher's exact tests compared adequacy between supplement users and non‑users. Logistic regression models evaluated predictors of meeting the RDA/AI, including total energy intake (per 100 kcal), supplement use, and relevant food‑group intake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Most dancers consumed below the RDA/AI for calcium (20/30; 67%), iron (24/30; 80%), vitamin D (20/29; 69%), omega‑3 fatty acids (19/30; 63%), and folate (17/29; 59%). Conversely, a majority met the RDA for vitamin B12 (17/26; 65%) and vitamin C (20/30; 67%). When compared with sports nutrition recommendations, an even greater proportion fell short for calcium (29/30), omega‑3 fatty acids (30/30), vitamin D (22/29), and vitamin C (14/30). Supplement use was significantly associated with meeting the RDA for iron (75% vs. 11.5%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018; OR = 19.14), folate (87.5% vs. 23.8%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003; OR = 19.61), vitamin B12 (100% vs. 47.1%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009; OR = Inf), vitamin C (94.1% vs. 46.2%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009; OR = 16.68), and vitamin D (56.3% vs. 0%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001; OR = Inf). Total energy intake significantly predicted adequacy for calcium (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.020; OR = 1.27), iron (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002; OR = 1.69), omega‑3 fatty acids (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007; OR = 1.27), folate (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004; OR = 1.57), and vitamin B12 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004; OR = 1.39), but not vitamin C or D. Food‑group intake showed limited predictive value; only red/orange vegetable intake predicted vitamin C adequacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Inadequate micronutrient intake was highly prevalent among collegiate dancers, particularly for calcium, iron, vitamin D, omega‑3 fatty acids, and folate. Supplement use","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2679715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of eight weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid and medium-chain triacylglycerol structured lipid intake on EPA/AA ratio and muscle performance in young men.","authors":"Takashi Shimizu, Yosuke Tsuchiya, Hisashi Ueda, Kaori Yokoi, Kenichi Yanagimoto, Eisuke Ochi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2658774","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2658774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structured triglycerides (STGs), in which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are esterified with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), have demonstrated greater bioavailability and potential benefits in improving endurance and reducing post-exercise strength loss compared with physical mixtures (PMs) of EPA and MCTs. However, it remains unclear whether STGs have superior effects on blood EPA levels and muscular endurance and fatigue. This study compared the effects of 8-week STG and PM intake on blood EPA levels, muscular endurance, and fatigue following resistance exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight healthy young men were randomly assigned to an STG group (n = 15) or a PM group (n = 13) in a double-blind, parallel-group, active comparator trial. Participants consumed 4,560 mg/day of the test oil (600 mg EPA, 260 mg DHA) for 8 weeks. After the intervention, the participants performed four sets of leg extensions to exhaustion at 40% of their body weight. Muscular endurance was assessed by the number of repetitions, and fatigue was evaluated by changes in maximal voluntary contraction, range of motion, thigh circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and jump performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The STG group showed a significantly greater increase in the serum EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio compared with the PM group. However, no significant differences were found between groups in repetition counts or fatigue-related measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight weeks of STG supplementation improved the blood EPA/AA ratio more than a PM, but did not yield superior effects on muscle endurance or fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2658774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the Mediterranean diet combined with physical activity on cognitive function in older adults: a scoping review.","authors":"Yi Yang, Rui Du, Changhong Wu, Shuixiong Liao, Tingran Zhang, Jiong Luo","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2696421","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2696421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment and dementia are rapidly increasing among older adults, with limited pharmacological treatments available. Modifiable lifestyle factors, particularly diet and physical activity, are promising preventive targets. Although the Mediterranean diet and regular exercise individually benefit cognition, their combined effects and underlying mechanisms remain poorly synthesised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and involved database searches on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CNKI. Study inclusion criteria were defined using the PICO framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mediterranean diet supplies polyphenols and fatty acids that reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and support neurotrophic and neuroendocrine functions, thus protecting the brain. Meanwhile, physical activity boosts cerebral blood flow, improving antioxidant delivery and stimulating neurotrophic factors like BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF to enhance brain plasticity. Together, these approaches act synergistically to balance energy metabolism, lower inflammation, and activate antioxidant defenses, thereby preserving brain homeostasis and boosting cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence suggests a synergistic effect of the Mediterranean diet and physical activity in preserving cognitive function in older adults. The diet directly supports cognitive health and provides essential nutrients for exercise-induced neuroregeneration. Physical activity, in turn, increases cerebral blood flow, improving nutrient delivery and stimulating neurotransmitter release. This interaction enhances brain plasticity, establishing a virtuous cycle between nutrition, exercise, and cognitive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2696421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between energy availability and sleep quality in elite female and male swimmers: a brief report.","authors":"Emily A Lundstrom, Mary Jane De Souza, Megan E Conklin, Nancy I Williams","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2665547","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2665547","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;There is a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and low energy availability (EA) in athletes during phases of intensive training, which poses significant risks for overreaching, improper recovery, and compromised training adaptations. To mitigate these risks, there is a need to explore the relationship between EA and sleep quality. To determine the interrelationships between EA and sleep quality, we assessed EA and sleep quality (sleep duration&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt;, sleep debt&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt;, percent and hours of: slow-wave sleep (SWS&lt;sub&gt;hrs/%&lt;/sub&gt;), and rapid-eye movement (REM&lt;sub&gt;hrs/%&lt;/sub&gt;)).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The participants included 26 elite male (&lt;i&gt;n &lt;/i&gt;= 10; 83.8 ± 8.6 kg; BMI: 24.1 ± 1.9 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and female (&lt;i&gt;n &lt;/i&gt;= 16; 68.0 ± 5.6 kg; BMI: 22.5 ± 1.6 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) collegiate swimmers (aged 18-22 years). The descriptive data collected included age, weight, height, training data, and body composition measures. Using a wearable device and a dietary recording cell phone application, the collection of EA was matched to sleep data over a two-week period of heavy training. Pearson correlations were utilized to determine relationships between variables. When effects of sex were observed, linear regression analyses were utilized to control for sex-differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among all swimmers, 69% exhibited sub-optimal EA (&lt;45 kcal/kg FFM/d). Male swimmers exhibited greater EA and SWS versus females (&lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.05). EA was positively correlated with REM&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; = 0.64; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;= 0.001) but not related to sleep debt&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt;. Regression analyses revealed that when controlling for sex, EA positively predicted SWS&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.448; &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 9.35, &lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.001), where higher EA predicted longer SWS durations. Controlling for sleep duration&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt;, EA positively predicted REM&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.425; &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 8.509, &lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.002) and negatively predicted sleep debt&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.261; &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 4.055, &lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.031), such that higher EA was predictive of longer durations of REM, and fewer hours of sleep debt. There was a trend toward a correlation between EA and sleep duration&lt;sub&gt;hrs&lt;/sub&gt; in all swimmers (&lt;i&gt;R &lt;/i&gt;= 0.33; &lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;= 0.06).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Higher EA was significantly associated with greater REM and SWS durations, and with lower sleep debt in elite male and female college swimmers. Although cause and effect were not established, these findings provide preliminary evidence that adequate EA may support better sleep quality in elite collegiate swimmers. If this is confirmed, our results may suggest that athletes should get adequate sleep and consume adequate calories to support energy expenditure needs and optimize training and recovery. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms and whether low EA causally impac","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2665547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13142186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Siavash Naddafha, Jose Antonio, Richard B Kreider, Jeffrey R Stout","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2668435","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2668435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menopause is accompanied by accelerated losses in muscle mass and strength and declining bone density. Whether creatine monohydrate benefits postmenopausal women are uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining creatine supplementation, with or without resistance training (RT), in postmenopausal women. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from 2000 to August 2025, supplemented by trial registries and reference-list screening. Eligible studies included postmenopausal women aged ≥40-45 years, intervention durations ≥6 weeks for primary analyses, and outcomes including DXA-derived lean mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength, bone mineral density, physical function, and safety. Dual screening, duplicate extraction, and Cochrane RoB 2 assessment were performed. Random-effects meta-analysis used the Paule-Mandel estimator for τ² with Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment. Heterogeneity (τ², I²), 95% prediction intervals, subgroup analyses by RT status, exploratory dose/duration meta-regression, small-study effects, and GRADE certainty were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven RCTs (<i>n</i> = 608 randomized; duration 12-104 weeks, median 38 weeks) enrolled postmenopausal women (mean age ≈ 62 y). Lean mass (k = 5; <i>n</i> = 338) favored creatine: mean difference (MD) + 0.37 kg (95% CI + 0.05 to + 0.69; I² = 25%; τ² = 0.01; 95% PI -0.10 to + 0.84). Leg-press 1RM (k = 3; <i>n</i> = 111) improved with creatine: MD + 7.5 kg (95% CI + 2.2 to + 12.8; I² = 0%). Benefits were evident when creatine ≥ 5 g·day⁻¹ was combined with RT; trials using ≤ 3 g·day⁻¹ without RT showed no measurable effect. Bone density was unchanged overall. Adverse events were mild and similar to placebo; renal indices were unchanged. Risk of bias was mostly \"some concerns;\" one large, preregistered, double-blind RCT was at low risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In postmenopausal women, creatine, particularly ≥ 5 g·day⁻¹ with RT, yields small but meaningful gains in lean mass and strength without evidence of harm. Effects on bone density remain unclear.Registration: This review was not prospectively registered. De-identified data and supplementary materials were deposited on OSF after completion of the analysis (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/BVTRZ).</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2668435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}