Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of athlete diet index and body composition between professional and non-professional athletes: a comparative cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elaheh Dehghani, Zahra Gohari Dezfuli, Sakineh Shab Bidar, Fereshteh Torki, Tohid Seif Barghi, Kurosh Djafarian","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2533497","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2533497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the Athlete Diet Index (ADI) and body composition between professional and nonprofessional athletes to better understand how differences in training and nutrition impact athletic performance and health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional design was used to analyze 183 athletes (99 professional, 84 nonprofessional) from various sports disciplines in Tehran. Data were collected on body composition parameters, including fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FM) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the ADI, a validated tool for assessing diet quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that professional athletes had significantly lower FM percentages (16.2% ± 7.1%) and higher FFM percentages (80.8% ± 6.8%) compared to their nonprofessional counterparts (FM 18.8% ± 9.9%, FFM 78.0% ± 9.6%). Additionally, professional athletes exhibited higher ADI scores, indicating better adherence to sports nutrition guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the benefits of structured training and personalized nutrition in achieving favorable body composition. This study underscores the importance of personalized nutrition strategies for optimizing athletic health and performance, particularly for nonprofessional athletes who may not have access to professional dietary guidance. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of dietary and training interventions on body composition and athletic performance across various athlete populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2533497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in taste and odor sensitivities during repeated bicycle ergometer exercises.","authors":"Masataka Narukawa, Kensuke Nojiri, Rina Matsuda, Momo Murata, Seiji Sakate, Sachiko Kuga, Hidetoshi Ue","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective nutritional support is essential for maintaining good performance during exercise. Taste and olfaction are key senses for food intake, and understanding how their sensitivities change during exercise is important for effective nutritional support. However, the effects of exercise on taste and odor sensitivities remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in taste and odor sensitivities during repeated endurance exercise using a bicycle ergometer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 women (mean age; 21.6 ± 0.2 years) participated in the study, completing four 60-minute segments, each comprising 50 minutes of bicycle ergometer exercise at an exercise intensity of 60% heart rate reserve and a 10-minute sensory test. The sensory tests were conducted five times in total: after each exercise segment and once before exercise as a control. Four concentrations (×0.5, ×0.75, ×1, and × 1.25) of a commercially available isotonic beverage were used as taste samples, and the subjects evaluated the taste intensity, preference, and odor intensity. Four types of food odorants were used as odor samples, and the subjects rated their preference. The subjects also reported their perceived fatigue levels during the taste and odor tests. Fatigue levels and taste intensity were rated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and taste and odor preferences and odor intensity were evaluated using a scoring method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The degree of physical fatigue significantly increased with each successive bicycle exercise segment. The taste intensity and preference for beverages with higher concentrations increased as the number of exercise segments increased, showing a significant increase in taste intensity for the × 1.25 solution in the final segment compared with before the tests. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed on the perceived odor intensity of the isotonic beverages. Similarly, there was no significant effect on the preference for odor samples due to repeated exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that taste sensitivity may change with prolonged exercise. Additionally, since odor intensity and preference were not significantly affected by repeated exercise, odor sensitivity may be less impacted by exercise than taste sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2441769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Association of low muscle mass index and sarcopenic obesity with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis\".","authors":"Jinxiang Peng, Haozhu Chen","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2470230","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2470230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2470230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual responses to encapsulated caffeine and caffeine chewing gum on strength and power in strength-trained males.","authors":"Hamed Teimouri-Korani, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Mark Et Willems, Rasoul Rezaei, Babak Imanian","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2495228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2495228","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Liquid-dissolved and encapsulated powder are two popular ways to consume caffeine for performance-enhancing effects. Caffeine in other delivery methods, such as chewing gums, orally dissolvable strips, gels, mouthwashes, energy drinks, and nasal sprays, is believed to be absorbed more quickly into the bloodstream. Inter-individual responses to caffeine's enhancing effects are recognized. The present study examined the inter-individual responses to the acute effects of encapsulated caffeine and caffeinated chewing gum on the lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength and power in strength-trained males.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;A randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 15 strength-trained males (age: 25  ±  4 years, height: 176  ±  7 cm, weight: 75  ±  11 kg, habitual caffeine intake: 66  ±  15 mg·day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: i) caffeinated chewing gum (CG), ii) caffeine capsule (CC), and iii) starch capsule as a placebo (PLA). Participants consumed approximately 3 to 4.5 mg·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of caffeine 60 minutes before testing. The washout period between conditions was one week. Participants performed the Sargent jump test, followed by a 5-minute active recovery (walking). Subsequently, isokinetic strength and power (60°/s and 180°/s) and isometric strength (45° and 60°) parameters were measured for knee extensor and flexor muscles. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests, with significance set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05. Responders to the caffeine conditions were identified using the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In knee extensors, 1) average peak torque and power at 60°/s were higher in CC (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.045; + 11.2% and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038; + 14.1%) and CG (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.044; + 7.3% and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015; + 11.4%) compared to PLA with a co-response rate of 60% and 66%, 2) maximum voluntary isometric contraction at 45° (MVIC-45°) was higher in CC compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.031; + 10.1%), and 3) MVIC-60° was higher in CG compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.037; + 10.1%) with a co-response rate of 60%. In knee flexors, 1) time to peak torque at 60°/s was higher in CG compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011; + 18.2%) with a co-response rate of 46%, 2) average rate of force development at 60°/s was higher in CC (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007; + 24.1%) and CG (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.050; + 20.6%) compared to PLA with a co-response rate of 53%, and 3) average power at 180°/s was higher in CC compared to PLA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033; + 18%) with a co-response rate of 46%. However, there were no differences between other strength indicators in the knee extensors and flexors between the different conditions. Vertical jump height (VJH) was higher in CC (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001; + 5.5%) and CG (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001; + 6.) compared to PLA, with a co-response rate of 53%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Caffeine s","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2495228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the risk of low energy availability, bone mineral density and psychological strain in endurance athletes.","authors":"Charlotte R Gowers, Christopher J McManus, Henry C Chung, Ben Jones, Jamie Tallent, Sally P Waterworth","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2496448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2496448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate energy intake is crucial for athletic performance and recovery. However, many endurance athletes experience Low Energy Availability (LEA), which, if prolonged, can detrimentally impact both health and performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 55 endurance athletes (23 females; 45  ±  13 years, 1.64  ±  0.06 m, 64.4  ±  11.4 kg and 32 males; 44  ±  13 years, 1.76  ±  0.18 m, 78.8  ±  9.2 kg) underwent physical assessments and completed questionnaires on dietary habits, training loads, and psychological stress. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans measured bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar L1-L4 spine, and body composition. Risk of LEA burnout, and psychological strain were assessed using sport-specific questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-seven percent of female athletes were identified as at risk of LEA by the LEAF-Q. These females had higher body weight and fat percentage than those at low risk of LEA. Male athletes had a higher prevalence of low lumbar BMD (31%) compared to females, associated with older age, and longer training histories. Although only 9% of female athletes had low-BMD, those affected had a history of amenorrhea and were identified as at risk of LEA by the LEAF-Q.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high proportion of endurance athletes had low-BMD and were at risk of LEA. This underscores the need for targeted nutritional strategies to mitigate the risks associated with LEA and promote overall athlete well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2496448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of acute beetroot juice consumption prior to climbing on lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, aerobic power, and muscle soreness among mountain climbers.","authors":"Alireza Daneshparvar, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Mohsen Salesi, Rasoul Rezaei, Babak Imanian, Sepideh Pirmohammadi","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502656","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502656","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Beetroot juice (BRJ) contains various bioactive compounds which can enhance athletes\" performance. However, there is a limited number of studies assessing the effects of BRJ on climbers\" performance and indicators of muscle soreness (MS). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of consuming beetroot juice acutely before climbing on lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, aerobic power, and muscle soreness in mountain climbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, 27 climbers (14 males and 13 females) were divided into three groups: Control (CON), Placebo (PLA), and Beetroot Juice (BRJ), with 9 participants in each group. The study evaluated swelling around the thigh (Sw-T), pressure pain threshold (PPT), isokinetic and isometric strength, horizontal jump (HJ), wall-sit, handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility, and the Queen's College Step test. Testing occurred in three sessions: baseline, climbing, and posttest. At baseline, all participants completed the full battery of tests at Shiraz University. One week later, during the climbing session, they consumed 70 mL of BRJ (400 mg nitrate), PLA, or water 2.5 hours before ascending to 3720 meters. Functional tests (HJ, wall-sit, and estimated VO₂&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) were performed at the altitude. After completing these tests, participants immediately descended the mountain. DOMS was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscles at the following time points: 2 hours before climbing, and 0 (immediately), 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after descending. The posttest session, held 72 hours after descending, repeated all baseline assessments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results revealed a statistically significant decrease in DOMS in the gastrocnemius muscles 24 hours post-descending in the BRJ group compared to the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.204). However, no changes in DOMS were observed for the quadriceps (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.090, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.090) and hamstring (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.254, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.056) muscles. Moreover, notable improvements were observed in PPT (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.374), Estimated VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.291), HGS (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.270), flexibility (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003, pEta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.407), HJ (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008, pEta2 = 0.155), and isokinetic (peak torque, average power and rate of force development) and isometric (Maximum voluntary isometric contraction) strength indicators in the BRJ groups compare to the other groups (p˂0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in Sw-T between groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.305).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study suggested that acute consumption of BRJ before climbing improves climbers' lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, power, and endurance performance, an","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2502656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergogenic effects of supplement combinations on endurance performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Sebastian Zart, Michael Fröhlich","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2524033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2524033","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Supplements such as caffeine and sodium bicarbonate have been found to exert ergogenic effects on endurance performance. However, little is known about the effects of supplementary combinations on performance parameters. This review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize and analyze studies that investigated the effects of performance-enhancing supplements in combination and isolation on endurance (&gt;35 s).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A structured search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA® statement and PICOS guidelines in the PubMed, Scopus and Dimensions databases in January 2024 without restriction to specific years. Sixteen studies that compared isolated and combined supplementation with placebo in an identical situation and tested their effects on endurance performance (time, distance, power) were included. The studies were all blinded, randomized controlled crossover studies that showed some concerns about risk of bias. Meta-analyses could be calculated for the supplement combinations caffeine (CAF) with sodium bicarbonate (SB) and CAF with beetroot juice (BJ), as sufficient studies were available for these two combinations. For the comparisons of the trials (e.g. placebo (PLA) vs. CAF; PLA vs. BJ; PLA vs. CAF-BJ; CAF-BJ vs. CAF; CAF-BJ vs. BJ), five studies each were included in the meta-analyses. A random-effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) according to Hedges' g were used for the ergogenic effect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed no significant differences for either the isolated (CAF/PLA [CAF+SB studies]: SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [-0.12, 0.73], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.16; SB/PLA: SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [-0.18, 0.80], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.22; CAF/PLA [CAF+BJ studies]: SMD = 0.28, 95% CI [-0.08, 0.63], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.13; BJ/PLA: SMD = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.38], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.90) or the combined supplement intake (CAF-SB/PLA: SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [-0.05, 0.91], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.08; CAF-BJ/PLA: SMD = 0.33, 95% CI [-0.03, 0.69], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.07) compared with the PLA trial. The subgroup analysis \"test protocols\" showed a borderline significance for cycling tests for the comparison of CAF-BJ with PLA (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI [-0.00, 0.78], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found between the isolated supplements and the co-ingestion (CAF-SB/CAF: SMD = 0.12, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.54], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.57; CAF-SB/SB: SMD = 0.12, 95% CI [-0.29, 0.54], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.56; CAF-BJ/CAF: SMD = 0.06, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.41], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.76; CAF-BJ/BJ: SMD = 0.28, 95% CI [-0.08, 0.64], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.13). According to the I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistics (0-22%), there was no or a low heterogeneity in the studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In summary, it can be stated that the current state of research with few small studies and different methodological approaches (e.g. different types of sport, test protocols) only allows a limited reliable statement to be made about the combined effect of suppl","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2524033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status and practices among Chinese marathon runners: data from the China marathon nutrition survey (CMNS).","authors":"Yan Chen, Xueyuan Zhao, Xiangxin Li, Wei Wen, Jingyi Zhang, Zhihui Lu, Yiheng Liang, Chengnan Zhang, Junqiang Qiu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2533504","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2533504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing popularity of marathon running in China highlights the need to better understand the dietary habits and nutritional needs of marathon runners to optimize performance and health outcomes. The study aimed to assess the dietary behaviors, nutritional knowledge, and running-specific nutritional practices of Chinese marathon runners as part of the China Marathon Nutrition Survey (CMNS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2024. Participants were recruited via official websites, social media, and onsite events. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire, referred to as the <i>China Marathon Nutrition Survey questionnaire</i>, was developed by the research team for the CMNS project. The CMNS questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, running experience, and nutrition-related behaviors among Chinese marathon runners across different genders, ages, and performance levels. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with nutritional practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5668 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis, comprising 77.6% male (39.8 ± 10.9 yrs) and 22.4% female (41.0 ± 9.7 yrs) runners, representing a wide distribution across age groups and performance levels. Nearly half of the runners (49.1%) of runners reported no specific dietary habits, while among those with dietary practices, 26.4% adhered to a high-carbohydrate diet. In terms of running-related nutrition, 23.3% of Chinese runners regularly or frequently used dietary supplements, and 31.7% used them occasionally before important races. Carbohydrate-loading strategies were adopted by 57.2% of runners prior to races. However, only 36.7% of participants met the recommended fluid intake (1500-1700 mL/day) set by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Higher nutrition knowledge significantly predicted adherence to recommended hydration practices (<i>p</i> < 0.001), according to logistic regression analysis. Significant variability in the nutritional knowledge of Chinese marathon runners was observed, with 36.6% scoring 6 or higher on a 9-point scale. Male runners (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22-1.57, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and younger participants (≤34 years) (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66, <i>p</i> < 0.001) tended to score higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides insights into the nutritional knowledge, dietary behaviors, and race-specific nutrition practices of Chinese marathon runners, offering important baseline data for improving endurance nutrition. Common issues were identified in daily macronutrient intake, hydration, and race-day fueling. These findings underscore the gaps between knowledge and practice, emphasizing the need for tailored nutrition education, particularly for recreational runners through race organizers or public platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2533504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?","authors":"Jose Antonio, Ann F Brown, Darren G Candow, Philip D Chilibeck, Stacey J Ellery, Scott C Forbes, Bruno Gualano, Andrew R Jagim, Chad Kerksick, Richard B Kreider, Sergej M Ostojic, Eric S Rawson, Michael D Roberts, Hamilton Roschel, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Jeffrey R Stout, Mark A Tarnopolsky, Trisha A VanDusseldorp, Darryn S Willoughby, Tim N Ziegenfuss","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441760","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2441760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) is a safe and effective intervention for improving certain aspects of sport, exercise performance, and health across the lifespan. Despite its evidence-based pedigree, several questions and misconceptions about CrM remain. To initially address some of these concerns, our group published a narrative review in 2021 discussing the scientific evidence as to whether CrM leads to water retention and fat accumulation, is a steroid, causes hair loss, dehydration or muscle cramping, adversely affects renal and liver function, and if CrM is safe and/or effective for children, adolescents, biological females, and older adults. As a follow-up, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate additional questions and misconceptions about CrM. These include but are not limited to: 1. Can CrM provide muscle benefits without exercise? 2. Does the timing of CrM really matter? 3. Does the addition of other compounds with CrM enhance its effectiveness? 4. Does CrM and caffeine oppose each other? 5. Does CrM increase the rates of muscle protein synthesis or breakdown? 6. Is CrM an anti-inflammatory intervention? 7. Can CrM increase recovery following injury, surgery, and/or immobilization? 8. Does CrM cause cancer? 9. Will CrM increase urine production? 10. Does CrM influence blood pressure? 11. Is CrM safe to consume during pregnancy? 12. Does CrM enhance performance in adolescents? 13. Does CrM adversely affect male fertility? 14. Does the brain require a higher dose of CrM than skeletal muscle? 15. Can CrM attenuate symptoms of sleep deprivation? 16. Will CrM reduce the severity of and/or improve recovery from traumatic brain injury? Similar to our 2021 paper, an international team of creatine research experts was formed to perform a narrative review of the literature regarding CrM to formulate evidence-based responses to the aforementioned misconceptions involving CrM.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2441760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward promoting performance nutrition behaviors among tactical athletes: a mixed methods study.","authors":"Bradley Baker, Julia Carins, Rosa Peterson, Regina Belski, Matthew B Cooke","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2492186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2492186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Appropriate and adequate nutrition is essential for the health and performance of tactical athletes, including army recruits and trainees. However, previous research shows they commonly experience suboptimal intakes of energy and carbohydrate. To date, little research has been conducted to understand the causes of their poor dietary intakes. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess infantry trainees' dietary intakes and (2) explore their beliefs, barriers, and self-efficacy toward performance nutrition using the Health Belief Model (HBM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants undergoing their 17-week Australian Army Infantry Initial Employment Training (Infantry IET) were recruited. During weeks 1 and 17, self-reported dietary intakes were assessed, and four focus groups were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean daily energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes were 7864 ± 1135 kJ, 1.8 ± 0.6 g/kg, and 1.5 ± 0.3 g/kg, respectively, in week 1, and 9084 ± 2535 kJ/day, 2.2 ± 1.1 g/kg and 1.5 ± 0.2 g/kg, respectively, in week 17. Three themes and seven subthemes were developed from the focus group data, falling under the following HBM domains: Cues to Action, Perceived Barriers, and Self-Efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infantry trainees' ability to eat well for their health and performance was hindered by their limited time during their intensive training schedule, their limited access to a sufficient variety of healthy foods, and their limited self-efficacy regarding performance nutrition. They require further performance nutrition knowledge, especially in regard to adopting practical fueling and refueling strategies surrounding physical training, as well as access to a greater quantity and variety of healthy foods outside of their main mealtimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2492186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}