Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The effects of AG1® supplementation on the gut microbiome of healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Michael B La Monica, Betsy Raub, Shelley Hartshorn, Ashley L Gustat, Jodi Grdic, Trevor O Kirby, Jeremy R Townsend, Jen Sandrock, Tim N Ziegenfuss","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2409682","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2409682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effect of a commercially available multi-ingredient powder (AG1^Ⓡ) on the gut microbiome and assess the impact of AG1^Ⓡ on GI tolerability and other clinical safety markers in healthy men and women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a double-blind, randomized, two-arm, placebo-controlled, parallel design, we examined a 4-week daily supplementation regimen of AG1^Ⓡ vs. placebo (PL). Fifteen men and 15 women provided stool samples for microbiome analysis, questionnaires for digestive quality of life (DQLQ), and completed visual analog scales (VAS) and Bristol stool charts to assess stool consistency and bowel frequency before and after the 4-week intervention. Participant's blood work (CBC, CMP, and lipid panel) was also assessed before and after the 4-week intervention. Alpha diversity was determined by Shannon and Chao1 index scores and evaluated by a two-way ANOVA, beta diversity in taxonomic abundances and functional pathways was visualized using partial least squares-discriminant analyses and statistically evaluated by PERMANOVA. To identify key biomarkers, specific feature differences in taxonomic relative abundance and normalized functional pathway counts were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Questionnaires, clinical safety markers, and hemodynamics were evaluated by mixed factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06181214).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AG1^Ⓡ supplementation enriched two probiotic taxa (<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>) that likely stem from the probiotics species that exist in the product, as well as <i>L.</i> <i>lactis</i> CH_LC01 and <i>Acetatifactor</i> sp900066565 ASM1486575v1 while reducing <i>Clostridium</i> sp000435835. Regarding community function, AG1^Ⓡ showed an enrichment of two functional pathways while diminishing none. Alternatively, the PL enriched six, but diminished five functional pathways. Neither treatment negatively impacted the digestive quality of life via DQLQ, bowel frequency via VAS, or stool consistency via VAS and Bristol. However, there may have been a greater improvement in the DQLQ score (+62.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.058, d = 0.73) after four weeks of AG1^Ⓡ supplementation compared to a reduction (-50%) in PL. Furthermore, AG1^Ⓡ did not significantly alter clinical safety markers following supplementation providing evidence for its safety profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AG1^Ⓡ can be consumed safely by healthy adults over four weeks with a potential beneficial impact in their digestive symptom quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2409682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salidroside and exercise performance in healthy active young adults - an exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Neil A Schwarz, Matthew T Stratton, Ryan J Colquhoun, Alexia M Manganti, Margaux Sherbourne, Florian Mourey, Caitlyn C White, Heather Day, Micaela C Dusseault, Geoffrey M Hudson, Christopher R Vickery, Holly C Schachner, Philip G Kasprzyk, Jing-Ke Weng","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2433744","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2433744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rhodiola rosea extract is purported to improve physical performance and support resilience to stress. Salidroside is considered to be one of the main constituents responsible for the ergogenic actions of R. rosea. However, R. rosea extract contains relatively little salidroside and cultivation of R. rosea is challenging as it is mainly found in high-altitude, cold regions. Additionally, the R. rosea plant is subject to conservation concerns because of its growing popularity. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the short-term effects of pure, biosynthetic salidroside supplementation on exercise performance, mood state, and markers of inflammation and muscle damage in healthy active young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty participants (30 M, 20F; 21 ± 4 yrs; 173 ± 8 cm; 74 ± 13 kg) were randomly assigned to either salidroside (60 mg/day for 16 days) or placebo supplementation and underwent peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak), intermittent time-to-exhaustion (TTE), and local muscular endurance assessments, along with mood state evaluations using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Blood samples were analyzed for erythropoietin, myoglobin, creatine kinase-MM, and C-reactive protein.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salidroside supplementation enhanced overall percent predicted oxygen uptake during high-intensity intermittent exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.01). An increase in serum myoglobin was observed 24 hours following exercise in the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.02) compared with baseline whereas no statistically significant increase was observed for the salidroside group indicating reduced exercise-induced muscle damage. Placebo group experienced a decrease in number of intervals performed during the TTE test (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and a decrease in friendliness (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and an increase in fatigue-inertia (<i>p</i> < 0.01) as reported by POMS. The salidroside group exhibited stable mood states and maintained performance levels during the time-to-exhaustion test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salidroside supplementation may enhance oxygen utilization and mitigate exercise-induced muscle damage and fatigue, warranting further research on its long-term effects and potential as an adaptogen for active individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2433744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic supplementation with high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory endurance and metabolism in Middle-Aged Obese Women.","authors":"Yi-Chen Chen, Hsuan-Yun Wang, Futoshi Ogita, Chi-Hsiang Hung, Chia-Hua Kuo, Jie-Ping Wang, Chia-Min Wang, Chien-Wen Hou, Ting-Yao Wang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2425609","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2425609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve chronic diseases. Probiotics have been found to have similar effects. However, the additive effects of HIIT in combination with probiotics supplementation are unclear. The aim of current study was to investigate whether there were additive effects when implementing both HIIT and probiotics simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven obese middle-aged women (Age: 44.5 ± 5.94 years, body fat percentage: 40.0 ± 4.1%) were recruited and assigned into four groups: control group (C, <i>n</i> = 12), probiotics group (P, <i>n</i> = 12), HIIT group (H, <i>n</i> = 11), and HIIT with probiotics group (HP, <i>n</i> = 12). All the participants consumed probiotics <i>(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> TWK10, 6 × 10¹⁰ CFU/day) or placebo supplements daily. Exercise intervention groups conducted HIIT training (85-90% vVO₂max for 2 min, followed by a 1-min inactive rest interval, repeated for 7 cycles) 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Anthropometry, cardiorespiratory endurance, blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, there were significant changes between groups in the variations and rates of change in waist circumference, hip circumference, and TTE. The waist circumference in group H significantly increased compared to groups C and P, while group HP did not show significant difference compared to group C. On the other hand, the hip circumference decreased significantly in group HP compared to group C, and the decreased rate in group HP was significantly greater than in groups C and P. Furthermore, the increase rates in TTE were higher in group H and HP compared to group C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIIT improves TTE but negatively affects waist circumference compared to the control group. However, when combined with probiotics, the probiotics not only help enhance TTE but also counteract the negative impact on waist circumference and further reduce hip circumference, resulting in a synergistic effect.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06285578.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2425609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11613408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bin Chen, Li Ding, Qiyang Qin, Tze-Huan Lei, Olivier Girard, Yinhang Cao","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2363789","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2363789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine, widely recognized as an ergogenic aid, has undergone extensive research, demonstrating its effectiveness to enhance endurance performance. However, there remains a significant gap in systematically evaluating its effects on time trial (TT) performance in cyclists.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of caffeine ingestion to increase cycling TT performance in cyclists and to evaluate the optimal dosage range for maximum effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of four databases was completed on 1 December 2023. The selected studies comprised crossover, placebo-controlled investigations into the effects of caffeine ingestion on cycling TT performance. Completion time (Time) and mean power output (MPO) were used as performance measures for TT. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to assess the standardized mean differences (SMD) in individual studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analyses. Subgroup analysis showed that moderate doses of caffeine intake (4-6 mg/kg) significantly improved cycling performance (SMD _Time = -0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.84 ~ -0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>I</i>² = 35%; SMD _MPO = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.09 ~ 0.79, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>I</i>² = 39%), while the effects of low doses (1-3 mg/kg) of caffeine were not significant (SMD _Time = -0.34, 95% CI = -0.84 ~ 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.19, <i>I</i>² = 0%; SMD _MPO = 0.31, 95% CI = -0.02 ~ 0.65, <i>p</i> = 0.07, <i>I</i>² = 0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A moderate dosage (4-6 mg/kg) of caffeine, identified as the optimal dose range, can significantly improve the time trial performance of cyclists, while a low dose (1-3 mg/kg) does not yield improvement. In addition, the improvements in completion time and mean power output resulting from a moderate dose of caffeine are essentially the same in cycling time trails.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2363789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of vitamin D deficiency with post-exercise hypotension and arterial stiffness following prolonged endurance exercise in healthy young men.","authors":"Liang-You Chen, Chun-Wei Wang, Lu-An Chen, Cheng-Shiun He","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2410426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2410426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D is associated with vascular function; however, the impact of different vitamin D levels on vascular elasticity following prolonged exercise remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D levels with changes in peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) and the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension (PEH) following prolonged endurance exercise in healthy young men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the participants were divided into two groups: the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) sufficiency group (25(OH)D ≧50 nmol/L) and the deficiency group (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L). A cardiopulmonary exercise test for maximal oxygen uptake (<math><mover><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mo>.</mo></mover></math>O_2max) was performed on the graded cycling. The prolonged exercise was set at 60% <math><mover><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mo>.</mo></mover></math>O_2max for 120 min of continuous riding on a stationary bicycle. The pPWV and blood pressure were measured at baseline and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after prolonged endurance exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post hoc analysis revealed that the vitamin D sufficient group had a greater magnitude of PEH than the deficiency group at post-45 min. Multiple linear regression analyses showed a significant correlation between 25(OH)D and both pPWV (<i>p</i> = 0.036) and PEH (<i>p</i> = 0.007), after adjusting for <math><mover><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mo>.</mo></mover></math>O_2max, weight, height, and physical activity. In addition, the 25(OH)D deficiency group also had higher pPWV at post-15 min (5.41 ± 0.93 vs 4.84 ± 0.75 m/s), post-30 min (5.30 ± 0.77 vs 4.87 ± 0.50 m/s), post-45 min (5.56 ± 0.93 vs 5.05 ± 0.68 m/s) than the sufficiency group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels and systolic PEH following prolonged endurance exercise. Individuals with sufficient 25(OH)D status may have better vascular elasticity and more efficient blood pressure regulation during exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2410426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of commercial energy drink consumption on exercise performance and cardiovascular safety: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.","authors":"Nile F Banks, Emily M Rogers, Nate J Helwig, Laura E Schwager, Justin P Alpers, Sydni L Schulte, Emma R Trachta, Christopher M Lockwood, Nathaniel D M Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2297988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2297988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of a non-caloric energy drink (C4E) compared to a traditional sugar-containing energy drink (MED) and non-caloric placebo (PLA) on exercise performance and cardiovascular safety. Thirty healthy, physically active males (25 ± 4 y) completed three experimental visits under semi-fasted conditions (5-10 h) and in randomized order, during which they consumed C4E, MED, or PLA matched for volume, appearance, taste, and mouthfeel. One hour after drink consumption, participants completed a maximal, graded exercise test (GXT) with measurement of pulmonary gases, an isometric leg extension fatigue test (ISO_FTG), and had their cardiac electrical activity (ECG), leg blood flow (LBF), and blood pressure (BP) measured throughout the visit. Neither MED nor C4E had an ergogenic effect on maximal oxygen consumption, time to exhaustion, or peak power during the GXT (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Compared to PLA, MED reduced fat oxidation (respiratory exchange ratio (RER) +0.030 ± 0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.026) during the GXT and did not influence ISO_FTG performance. Compared to PLA, C4E did not alter RER (<i>p</i> = 0.94) and improved impulse during the ISO_FTG (+0.658 ± 0.25 V·s; <i>p</i> = 0.032). Relative to MED, C4E did not significantly improve gas exchange threshold (<i>p</i> = 0.05-0.07). Both MED and C4E increased systolic BP at rest (+7.1 ± 1.2 mmHg; <i>p</i> < 0.001 and + 5.7 ± 1.0 mmHg; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), C4E increased SBP post-GXT (+13.3 ± 3.8 mmHg; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and MED increased SBP during recovery (+3.2 ± 1.1 mmHg; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Neither MED nor C4E influenced ECG measures (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.08) or LBF (<i>p</i> = 0.37) compared to PLA. C4E may be more efficacious for improving performance in resistance-type tasks without altering fat oxidation under semi-fasted conditions during fatiguing exercise bouts, but promotes similar changes in BP and HR to MED.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2297988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine supplementation protocols with or without training interventions on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene, Zeinab Heidari, Omid Asbaghi, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Kian Goudarzi, Scott C Forbes, Darren G Candow, Reza Bagheri, Matin Ghanavati, Fred Dutheil","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2380058","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2380058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the robust evidence demonstrating positive effects from creatine supplementation (primarily when associated with resistance training) on measures of body composition, there is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation regarding the influence of creatine protocol parameters (including dose and form) on body mass and estimates of fat-free and fat mass.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of creatine supplementation on body composition were included. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to July 2023. Heterogeneity tests were performed. Random effect models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were examined to determine the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 4831 initial records, a total of 143 studies met the inclusion criteria. Creatine supplementation increased body mass (WMD: 0.86 kg; 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.96, I² = 0%) and fat-free mass (WMD: 0.82 kg; 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.06, I² = 0%) while reducing body fat percentage (WMD: -0.28 %; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.09; I² = 0%). Studies that incorporated a maintenance dose of creatine or performed resistance training in conjunction with supplementation had greater effects on body composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Creatine supplementation has a small effect on body mass and estimates of fat-free mass and body fat percentage. These findings were more robust when combined with resistance training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2380058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collegiate women's wrestling body fat percentage and minimum wrestling weight values: time for revisiting minimal body fat percent?","authors":"Andrew R Jagim, Grant M Tinsley, Robert A Oppliger, Craig A Horswill, Ward C Dobbs, Jennifer B Fields, Cliff Cushard, Paul D Rademacher, Margaret T Jones","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2304561","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2304561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The estimation of body fat percentage (BF%) in wrestling is used to determine the minimum wrestling weight (MWW) and lowest allowable weight class (MWC) in which wrestlers are eligible to compete. A 12% minimum threshold is currently used for women wrestlers, yet a potential increase for safety has been discussed. Because of the novelty of collegiate women's wrestling, there is a paucity of literature available on the body composition norms of this population. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive summary of BF% and MWW values of female wrestlers and how MWW values would change with the use of different BF% thresholds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2022-2023 collegiate season were retrospectively analyzed resulting in a sample of 1,683 collegiate women wrestlers from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA, <i>n</i> = 868) and the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA, <i>n</i> = 815). All wrestlers completed skinfold assessments for weight certification at the start of the competition season. The skinfold values were used to estimate BF% using the Slaughter skinfold prediction equation. Frequency statistics and descriptive analysis were performed to compute normative MWW and BF% profiles. BF% thresholds of 12% (12MWW) and the BF% value defined as the lowest 5th percentile, which would be considered unusually lean, were used to determine the resulting MWW and MWC for each method. The lowest recorded weight and weight class division throughout the season was also recorded for each wrestler.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a positively skewed (0.94) and platykurtic (1.86) distribution of MWW values. The median ± interquartile range BF% for all wrestlers was 27.4 ± 10.22%, with 17% BF representing the 5th percentile. Only 354 out of 1,579 (22.4%) wrestlers competed in their lowest allowable weight class, based on the 12MWW. Of these 354 wrestlers, the mean BF% was 21.3 ± 5.2% at weight certification with only <i>n</i> = 17 being at or below 12% body fat and an average weight loss of 11.1 ± 8.8 lbs. from the time of weight certification. Throughout the season, wrestlers competed at weights that were, on average (mean ± SD), 19.4 ± 16.9 lbs. higher than their 12MWW (95% CI: 18.6, 20.2 lbs. <i>p</i> < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 1.1), 13.4 ± 19.0 lbs. higher than the 17MWW (<i>p</i> < 0.001; ES = 0.70), and 8.7 ± 8.3 lbs. lower than their weight at the certification (95% CI: 8.3, 9.1 lbs. <i>p</i> < 0.001; ES = 1.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly all BF% values were well above the 12% threshold used to determine MWW. Increasing the minimum BF% threshold from 12% to 17% would affect a small percentage of wrestlers, likely reduce the need for excessive weight cutting, and minimize the deleterious health effects of an athlete at such a low BF%.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2304561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10795649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine, but not paracetamol (acetaminophen), enhances muscular endurance, strength, and power.","authors":"Bela Scapec, Jozo Grgic, Dorian Varovic, Pavle Mikulic","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2400513","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2400513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine is one of the most popular ergogenic aids consumed by athletes. Caffeine's ergogenic effect has been generally explained by its ability to bind to adenosine receptors, thus modulating pain and reducing perceived exertion. Another pharmacological agent that may improve performance due to its analgesic proprieties is paracetamol. This study aimed to explore the effects of caffeine, paracetamol, and caffeine + paracetamol consumption on muscular endurance, strength, power, anaerobic endurance, and jumping performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, crossover, double-blind study, 29 resistance-trained participants (11 men and 18 women) ingested either a placebo, caffeine (3 mg/kg), paracetamol (1500 mg) or caffeine + paracetamol 45 min before the testing sessions. The testing sessions included performing the bench press exercise with 75% of one-repetition maximum to momentary muscular failure, isokinetic knee extension and flexion at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 180°/sec, Wingate, and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to placebo, isolated caffeine ingestion increased the number of repetitions performed in the bench press (<i>p</i> = 0.005; <i>d</i> = 0.42). Compared to placebo, isolated caffeine ingestion and/or caffeine + paracetamol consumption was ergogenic for strength (torque), muscular endurance (total work), or power in the isokinetic assessment, particularly at slower angular velocities (<i>p</i> = 0.027 to 0.002; <i>d</i> = 0.16 to 0.26). No significant differences between the conditions were observed for outcomes related to the Wingate and CMJ tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided novel evidence into the effectiveness of caffeine, paracetamol, and their combination on exercise performance. We found improvements in muscular endurance, strength, or power only when caffeine was consumed in isolation, or in combination with paracetamol. Isolated paracetamol consumption did not improve performance for any of the analyzed outcomes, thus calling into question its ergogenic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2400513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of tangeretin combined with whey protein on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in professional athletes: a placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Zhi Cao, Can Zhao, Shiwei Mo, Bing-Hong Gao, Meng Liu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2414870","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2414870","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is highly prevalent in athletes. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of daily tangeretin combined with whey protein supplementation over a period of 4 weeks in professional athletes with EIB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, paired, randomized trial design, a cohort of 30 professional athletes with EIB, consisting of 14 females and 16 males, was divided into two groups: the tangeretin combined with whey protein intervention group (TIG), and the placebo control group (PCG). Both the TIG and PCG underwent exercise challenge tests (ECT) and VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; tests before (ECT&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, V1) and after (ECT&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, V2) the intervention. Blood (eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils) and serum (interleukin-5, IL-5; interleukin-8, IL-8; Clara cell secretory protein-16, CC16; immunoglobulin E, IgE) levels were measured early in the morning of ECT&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and ECT&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, respectively. Lung function was assessed immediately before and post-ECT immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Tangeretin combined with whey protein use for 4 weeks attenuated the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) post trials (∆FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;(ECT1-ECT2): mean (SD) TIG -7.51(6.9)% vs. PCG -2.33(11.49)%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013). Tangeretin also substantially attenuated IL-5 concentration (∆IL-5(T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-T&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;): Tangeretin -19.4% vs Placebo + 8.37%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.022); IL-8 concentration (∆IL-8(T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-T&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;): Tangeretin -17.28% vs Placebo + 6.1%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.012); CC16 concentration (∆CC16(T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-T&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;): Tangeretin -11.77% vs Placebo + 24.19%); and IgE concentration in the serum (∆IgE(T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-T&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;): Tangeretin -24.1% vs Placebo -3.9%), and significantly decreased neutrophil count (∆N(T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-T&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;): Tangeretin -11.34% vs Placebo + 0.3%) and eosinophil count in blood (∆N(T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-T&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;): Tangeretin -38.5% vs Placebo + 4.35%). Compared with V1, VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.042) and TLim (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) of V2 were significantly increased in the TIG, and there was no significant change in the PCG. Meanwhile, six athletes in the TIG and 0 athletes in the PCG became EIB-negative at ECT&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;; the overall negative conversion rate of EIB was 40.00% in TCG. Additionally, the number of cough symptoms decreased from 9 to 3 and dyspnea from 4 to 2 in the TIG.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;After high-intensity exercise, athletes with EIB achieved significant improvements in lung function and blood inflammatory factors by combining tangeretin and whey protein supplementation. EIB athletes also showed longer exercise endurance and VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; at 4 weeks after TI. In addition, some patient symptoms disappeared after combination supplementation. The effect of this treatment on professional athletes with EIB was b","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2414870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}