Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.","authors":"Zacharias Papadakis, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Antonella Schwarz, Jose Antonio","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2501063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2501063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine's ergogenic potential in vertical jumping remains contested, particularly at dosages compliant with collegiate athletic regulations. The NCAA enforces a caffeine urinary threshold equivalent to ~5 mg/kg body mass, yet evidence supporting its efficacy in enhancing explosive performance among trained athletes is inconsistent. This study examined whether acute caffeine ingestion at this threshold improves squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in NCAA Division II student-athletes, while exploring sex-specific responses and trial-to-trial variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty NCAA Division II athletes (18 females, 22 males; 21.3 ± 2.4 years) participated in a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Participants ingested 5 mg/kg caffeine or placebo, followed by SJ and CMJ testing on a force platform 60 minutes post-consumption. Three trials per jump type were retained to preserve intra-individual variance. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) assessed fixed effects of condition, sex, and trials, with random intercepts and slopes accounting for individual variability. A priori power analyses guided sample size determination, targeting sensitivity to detect small-to-medium effects (Cohen's f ≥ 0.2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caffeine elicited trivial, non-significant differences in SJ (β =  -0.24 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.646) and CMJ (β =  -0.71 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.183) heights compared to placebo. Males outperformed females in both SJ (Δ = 9.50 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and CMJ (Δ = 11.30 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), though no condition-by-sex interactions emerged. Trial effects were observed, with SJ improving 2.31 cm (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and CMJ 1.05 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.014) from first to second attempts, suggesting warm-up or neuromuscular potentiation. High intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.76-0.85) underscored substantial interindividual variability. Models demonstrated robust fit (conditional R² = 0.86-0.92), with sufficient power to detect medium-to-large effects (f ≥ 0.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 5 mg/kg caffeine dose, compliant with NCAA thresholds, did not enhance vertical jump performance in habituated collegiate athletes, challenging prior assertions of its universal ergogenicity for ballistic tasks. While sex differences in baseline performance persisted, caffeine did not modulate these disparities, implicating neuromuscular and anthropometric factors as primary determinants. The absence of ergogenic effects aligns with NCAA safety-focused policies but highlights the need for personalized dosing strategies and research into higher doses, genetic variability, and hormonal influences. Future studies should integrate biomechanical metrics and controlled hormonal assessments to elucidate caffeine's nuanced role in anaerobic power sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2501063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.","authors":"Ronald L Gibbs, Tyler Brian Becker","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2477060","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2477060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Most youth do not meet national nutrition recommendations and overconsume high-calorie, low nutrient-dense foods. Adequate nutritional intake is crucial for growth and development. Nutrition practices play a key role in sports performance and recovery. Nutritional knowledge can affect eating patterns. However, there is limited research on general and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine general and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescent athletes were assessed on nutrition knowledge and general and sport-specific nutrition behaviors, including food group consumption, hydration practices, and sport supplement use. Gender differences in general and sport-specific nutrition behaviors were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. Odds ratios and logistic regression, controlling for age, ethnicity, and years in sport participation were used to determine differences in correct responses between genders. Significance was set at the <i>p</i> < 0.05 level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ninety-four athletes (<i>n</i> = 63 male, <i>n</i> = 132 female, mean age = 14.9 ± 1.63 years) were assessed. Differences in nutrition behaviors were found in fruit, dairy, and sugary beverage consumption between genders. Male athletes were more likely to monitor hydration and use sports supplements. Both males and females scored less than 50% on both general and sport-specific knowledge questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescent athletes report lower than recommended food group consumption and lack knowledge of general and sport-specific nutrition information. Improvements in these areas can play a significant role in the health and performance of adolescent athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2477060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercaloric 16:8 time-restricted eating during 8 weeks of resistance exercise in well-trained men and women.","authors":"Daniel T Blake, Cody Hamane, Chelscie Pacheco, Menno Henselmans, Grant M Tinsley, Pablo Costa, Jared W Coburn, Thomas Campidell, Andrew J Galpin","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2492184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2492184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effectiveness and practicality of time-restricted eating (TRE) when trying to maximize muscle mass and strength is unclear. Thus, we examined the effects of a hypercaloric 16:8 TRE approach during supervised progressive resistance exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen healthy and well-trained men (<i>n</i> = 10) and women (<i>n</i> = 7) were randomly assigned to TRE or control (FED). Both groups consumed a 10% hypercaloric high-protein (2.2 g/kg/d) diet and performed supervised resistance exercise 4× per wk for 8 wk. TRE consumed all calories within an 8 h window starting at least 1 h post-exercise, while FED consumed the same number of calories throughout the day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eating windows were significantly different (TRE: 7.9 ± 0.1 h vs. FED: 13.2 ± 0.6 h). Calorie, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake did not differ statistically between groups. Total exercise volume was significantly lower in TRE than FED (6,960 ± 287 vs. 7,334 ± 289 repetitions), as were subjective daily energy ratings (week 4 = -1.41; <i>p</i> = 0.04, week 8 = -1.04; <i>p</i> = 0.06). Both groups increased maximal upper and lower body strength (1RM) and muscular endurance (ME); however, gains in squat 1RM were 4.0 ± 1.9 kg lower in TRE (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Both groups increased fat-free mass similarly (TRE: 2.67 kg; FED: 1.82 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.04), but FED added 1.4 ± 0.6 kg more fat mass (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Subjective mood and sleep ratings did not change in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>16:8 TRE is viable during periods of muscle size, strength, and endurance development in well-trained young men and women when engaging in progressive resistance exercise and eating in a caloric surplus with adequate protein. However, the differences in total training volume, squat 1RM, fat mass accumulation, and energy are notable and practically relevant. These findings should be considered within the broader context of an individual's goals, lifestyle, preferences, and exercise demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2492184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological effects of spirulina supplementation during lactate threshold exercise at simulated altitude (2,500 m): a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tom Gurney, James Brouner, Owen Spendiff","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2498484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2498484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing literature indicates that spirulina supplementation can improve a variety of blood morphological parameters (such as hemoglobin) in healthy and clinical populations. Given the importance of hemoglobin for endurance exercise, particularly at altitude, this study aimed to investigate whether spirulina supplementation can improve blood morphological parameters in healthy cyclists and positively influence physiological variables when completing a lactate threshold test at simulated moderate altitude (2,500 m).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty (18 male; 2 female) healthy participants (Mean  ±  SD; Age 37   ±   9 years, Stature 181   ±   6 cm, Mass 81   ±   9 kg, <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O_2max 51.8   ±   7.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for 3-weeks in a double-blinded randomized counter-balanced cross-over design, then completed a lactate threshold test at simulated moderate altitude, with a 14-day washout period between trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following spirulina supplementation, heart rate at the lactate threshold was significantly lower in comparison to placebo supplementation (spirulina = 152   ±   11 b.min -1 vs. placebo = 155   ±   12 b.min -1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). No other physiological variables (Watts, RER, RPE, VO₂) were significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) at the calculated threshold, or during the first four lower stages. Red Cell Distribution Width significantly increased following spirulina supplementation in comparison to placebo (spirulina = 13.3   ±   0.9 % vs. placebo = 12.5   ±   0.7 %, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Plateletcrit significantly decreased following spirulina supplementation (spirulina = 0.288   ±   0.032 vs. placebo = 0.293   ±   0.050, <i>p</i> < 0.05). No other blood morphological parameters changed (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, three weeks of spirulina supplementation at 6 g/day reduced heart rate during a lactate threshold test at a simulated moderate altitude (2,500 m), but did not produce additional physiological or hematological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2498484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the associations of dietary protein intake with lean mass and grip strength in children and adolescents.","authors":"Yanfei Wang, Dan Sun, Zhongxin Zhu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2471471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2471471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental periods during which dietary protein plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health. While the significance of protein in muscle development is well acknowledged, the complex associations between dietary protein intake and musculoskeletal parameters during these stages remain incompletely elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 cycles, including 3,455 children and adolescents aged 8-19 years. Dietary protein intake was assessed through two 24-hour dietary recalls. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and combined grip strength were measured as indicators of musculoskeletal health. Multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fitting techniques were employed to analyze associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher protein intake was positively associated with both ALMI (β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.004, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and combined grip strength (β = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.027, 0.058, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in fully adjusted models. Notably, sex-specific effects were observed, with stronger associations in boys, particularly in the 8-11 years age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals significant positive associations between dietary protein intake and musculoskeletal health indicators in children and adolescents, with pronounced sex-specific effects. These findings underscore the importance of adequate protein intake during critical developmental periods and may inform targeted nutritional strategies for optimizing long-term musculoskeletal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2471471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition in CrossFit® - scientific evidence and practical perspectives: a systematic scoping review.","authors":"Diogo V Martinho, André Rebelo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Renato Costa, Élvio R Gouveia, Adam Field, Juliano Casonatto, Daniel van den Hoek, Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalsk, Michael J Ormsbee, Hugo Sarmento","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2509674","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2509674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CrossFit^Ⓡ sessions and competitions are characterized by high-intensity challenges that combine aerobic and anaerobic activities with short recovery periods. As a result, effective nutritional practices play a crucial role in optimizing performance and enhancing recovery. Therefore, nutritional practices are central to optimizing performance and accelerating recovery. This review aims to summarize current evidence on nutritional and ergogenic aid responses to CrossFit^Ⓡ practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus). Gray literature was also extracted for studies exploring the nutritional habits of CrossFit^Ⓡ participants as well as the ingestion of ergogenic aids. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine the impacts of dietary habits and ergogenic aids on performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the current review. Carbohydrate intake was below the recommendations for athletes, although protein ingestion remains adequate. High-carbohydrate diets had a positive effect on CrossFit^Ⓡ performance. The evidence concerning the effects of a ketogenic diet on performance is limited. When used prior to or during the workout, the impact of carbohydrates on CrossFit^Ⓡ performance was negligible, whereas the effect of caffeine was significant. Ergogenic aids, particularly creatine and protein, are commonly used by CrossFit^Ⓡ participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The standard diets recommended to CrossFit^Ⓡ participants need to be revised because they are characterized by lower values of carbohydrates. Caffeine should be used prior to or during the CrossFit^Ⓡ sessions. Regarding the impact of ergogenic aids on recovery, future studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2509674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of nutritional intake status in college baseball players.","authors":"Yoko Iio, Hana Kozai, Mamoru Tanaka, Yukihiro Mori, Manato Seguchi, Yuka Aoyama, Morihiro Ito","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459090","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diet is closely related to exercise performance. To improve athletes' performance and manage their condition, it is important to get sufficient energy and various nutrients. Thus, it is necessary that athletes understand their nutritional intake status to improve performance and maintain health. This study aimed to explore the nutritional intake status of college baseball players using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Furthermore, the characteristics of their nutritional intake status with respect to athletic performance were evaluated. The result of this studyprovide an opportunity for many under-developed college athletes with irregular lifestyles to recognize and improve their nutritional problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In October 2022, a questionnaire survey of 116 male members of a college baseball club was conducted. Of whom, 100 (94.3%) members responded to the survey and 92 (92.0%) provided valid responses. The survey items included basic characteristics such as college grade and type of living arrangement, and information on living conditions, e.g. whether the participant ate breakfast. Nutritional intake was evaluated using the FFQ. Players were divided into the first (regular players in official games), second (bench players in official games), third (players who may join the second or higher team in the future), and fourth teams (players who do not belong to the first to third teams); these categories were used as a marker of performance level. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the association between the performance levels of baseball players and the intake of each nutrient and food group obtained by the FFQ. For items that showed a significant association, inter-group comparison was performed using the Dunn-Bonferroni method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Carbohydrate intake was greater in the second team compared with the third and fourth teams; saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intake was higher in the third team compared with the fourth team. Calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, insoluble dietary fiber, iodine, and molybdenum intake was higher in the second team compared with the fourth team. Intake of grains, sugar, dairy, and total energy was significantly higher in the second team compared with the fourth team. However, the protein intake ratio was significantly lower in the second team compared with the fourth team. Overall, energy deficiency and associated deficiencies in protein, fat, and carbohydrate were observed, in addition to dietary fiber and calcium deficiencies. The intake of several food groups appeared inadequate, such as potatoes, beans, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, and fats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study showed deficiencies in the amount of energy and nutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrate in college baseball players. Differences in the intake of carbohydrate, calcium, and insoluble dietary fiber among different perform","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2459090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine in women's health: bridging the gap from menstruation through pregnancy to menopause.","authors":"Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Gabrielle M DelBiondo, Ann F Brown, Susan M Kleiner, Nhi T Tran, Stacey J Ellery","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502094","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2502094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Creatine supplementation in women has gained attention for its potential benefits beyond muscle growth, including reproductive health, cognitive health and aging. Women exhibit distinct physiological differences from men, influenced by hormonal fluctuations during pre-menopause, pregnancy, and menopause, and these factors should be considered for their influence on creatine metabolism.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to provide a historical evaluation of creatine supplementation in women, its potential applications across female-specific life stages, recent research highlights, and targets for future research. The review also considers the impact of hormonal changes on creatine metabolism and effectiveness as a dietary supplementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative overview of historical and recent research evaluating the effects of creatine in women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early studies demonstrated the benefits of creatine on exercise performance in women, though they often overlooked menstrual cycle variability. Recent research has begun to account for these hormonal fluctuations, enhancing the understanding of creatine's applications. Creatine supplementation has shown positive effects on muscle strength, exercise performance, and body composition, particularly when combined with resistance training. Additionally, creatine may improve mood and cognitive function, potentially alleviating symptoms of depression. Emerging evidence suggests creatine's benefits during pregnancy and post-menopause, though data on perimenopausal women remains limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Creatine supplementation presents a promising strategy for enhancing various aspects of women's health across the lifespan. Future research should focus on optimizing dosing strategies, understanding long-term health implications, and exploring creatine's effects during pregnancy and perimenopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2502094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different sports drink compositions on endurance performance and substrate oxidation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in trained athletes.","authors":"Sascha Ketelhut, Martin Moehle, Laura Hottenrott","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2516004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2516004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The consumption of sports drinks before, during, and after endurance exercise is a common practice among athletes. These drinks typically contain a variety of components, each of which has been shown to offer individual benefits. However, the combined effects of these components, as formulated in many sports drinks, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the impact of typical sports drink components on endurance performance, perceived exertion, and carbohydrate and fat metabolism, using a sequential additive design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy, trained endurance athletes aged 20 to 35 years participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study involved a baseline assessment and four exercise protocols, each separated by a 7-day washout period. During each exercise protocol, participants cycled for 40 minutes at 80% of their previously determined peak oxygen uptake , followed by an incremental protocol performed to voluntary exhaustion. Participants were randomly assigned to ingest one of four 300 ml solutions 60 and 30 minutes before each exercise protocol: solution A (placebo mineral water), solution B (dextrose and sodium), solution C (solution B + beetroot extract), or solution D (solution C + arginine and L-citrulline). Ventilation and heart rate were continuously monitored before and throughout the exercise. Lactate and glucose levels were measured at specific time points before and during the exercise, while ratings of perceived exertion were recorded every 10 minutes. Power output was continuously tracked throughout the exercise protocol. Body weight was assessed both before and after each exercise session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences between the four solutions in terms of time to exhaustion (<i>p</i> = .703), power output (<i>p</i> = .822), peak oxygen uptake (<i>p</i> = 990), maximum lactate concentration (<i>p</i> = .720), and maximum heart rate (<i>p</i> = .884). During the exercise, no significant differences were observed in lactate and glucose concentrations, heart rate, or ventilatory parameters (ps > .050). However, significant differences (<i>p</i> < .001) in blood glucose concentrations were noted at rest and during the warm-up phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of the tested sports drink compositions on performance during the selected exercise protocol to voluntary exhaustion appears minimal. This study found no significant differences between the solutions and the placebo. Thus, it can be concluded that consuming a dextrose-based solution before exercise did not offer any performance advantage over water. The additional substances included in solutions B, C, and D did not influence performance, carbohydrate metabolism, or fat metabolism during the exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2516004"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport supplementation in competitive swimmers: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Raúl Domínguez, Inmaculada López-León, Javier Moreno-Lara, Esteban Rico, Antonio J Sánchez-Oliver, Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Javier Pecci","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2486988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2486988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competitive swimmers have a high prevalence of sports supplement (SS) consumption. However, only a few SS are scientifically proven to be safe, effective, and legal. Therefore, before incorporating supplements to enhance performance and health in competitive swimming, it is crucial to conduct an analysis and review to assess their effects. The objective of this study was to analyze the demonstrated effects of SS, as reported in published studies, on the swimming performance of competitive swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across six databases for the selection of studies included in this review. Studies that analyzed the effects of sports supplementation compared to placebo were included and subjected to meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This revision included 23 studies, 16 of them (69.6%) qualified as excellent and 7 (30.4%) as good at the methodological level based on the punctuation in the PEDro scale. The systematic review included 422 swimmers (61.8% male, 38.2% female), with distances assessed ranging from 50 m to 800 m, including studies employing interval procedures. Creatine showed a significant effect (ES = -0.46; 95% CIs = -0.75 to -0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.002; I² = 11%) on swimming performance, while the rest of the analyzed supplements did not show significant effects (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Creatine supplementation demonstrated ergogenic benefits for competitive swimmers, although the evidence supporting the use of this supplement is still limited. Sodium bicarbonate and β-alanine may enhance performance in distances with higher glycolytic demands, while caffeine is effective at dosages of 3-6 mg/kg administered 60 min before exercise. Further research is needed to confirm the potential ergogenic effects of other supplements, such as beetroot juice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2486988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}