Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"An examination of the associations between nutritional peaking strategies in physique sport and competitor characteristics.","authors":"Kai A Homer, Matt R Cross, Eric R Helms","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2377178","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2377178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physique athletes are subjectively judged on their on-stage esthetic per their competition division criteria. To succeed, competitors look to acutely enhance their appearance by manipulating nutritional variables in the days leading up to competition, commonly referred to as peak week (PW). Despite their documented wide adoption, PW strategies lack experimental evidence. Further, the relationship between the specific strategies and the characteristics of the competitors who implement them are unknown. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of competitor characteristics on the specific nutritional peaking strategies implemented, the length of these strategies, and the range of daily carbohydrate (CHO) intakes during these strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 58-item survey was developed to gather information on peak week nutrition and training practices of physique athletes. A total of 160 respondents above the age of 18 who had competed in the last 5 years completed the nutrition section. The topics analyzed for this paper included competitor demographics, peaking strategies utilized, and PW CHO intakes. Competitor demographics are presented with the use of descriptive statistics. Associations between competitor demographics and peaking strategies implemented, peaking strategy length, and daily CHO intake ranges were assessed using multiple logistic regression, multiple ordinal logistic regression, and linear mixed models, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the sampled population, ages 24-39 years (71.2%), male (68.8%), natural (65%), and amateur (90%) were the most common characteristics from their respective categories, while mean competition preparation length was 20.35 ± 8.03 weeks (Males: 19.77 ± 7.56 weeks, Females: 21.62 ± 8.93 weeks), competition preparation body mass loss was 11.5 ± 5.56 kg (M: 12.7 ± 5.76 kg, F: 7.16 ± 3.99 kg), and competition body mass was 72.09 ± 15.74 kg (M: 80.15 ± 11.33 kg, F: 54.34 ± 7.16 kg). For males, the highest and lowest daily CHO intake during PW were 489.63 ± 224.03 g (6.22 ± 2.93 g/kg body mass) and 148.64 ± 152.01 g (1.94 ± 2.17 g/kg), respectively, while for females these values were 266.73 ± 131.23 g (5.06 ± 2.67 g/kg) and 94.42 ± 80.72 g (1.81 ± 1.57 g/kg), respectively. CHO back loading (45%) and water loading (40.6%) were the most popular peaking strategies, while the most prevalent peaking strategy length was 7 days (27.2%). None of the competitor characteristics predicted the use of CHO-based peaking strategies nor peaking strategy length. For non-CHO-based strategies, drug-enhanced competitors were more likely to restrict water than non-drug enhanced, while males and professional competitors had greater odds of loading sodium than females and amateurs, respectively. Finally, when comparing the disparity in highest and lowest CHO intakes during peak week, sex was the only significant factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2377178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between fear of negative evaluation, physical activity, eating behavior and psychological distress among nursing students.","authors":"Xiao Zheng, Mengjie Zhang, Lingli Yang, Xinyi Zhang, Shujuan Xiao, Xinru Li, Benli Xue, Yanming Liao, Feng Tian, Chichen Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2416905","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2416905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this research is to explore the interrelationships between different psychological issues and the potential role of eating behavior and physical activity among nursing students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Undergraduate nursing students (<i>n</i> = 892) from some medical universities in China were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling methods using online platforms. Participants completed measures on demographics, fear of negative evaluation (FNE), social avoidance and distress (SAD), psychological distress (DASS), disordered eating behavior (TFEQ) and physical activity. The relationship models among the aforementioned variables were established using Process 3.5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 290 males and 602 females were included in this study. The average FNE score of students was (39.44 ± 8.78), SAD was (13.83 ± 7.06), DASS was (22.45 ± 20.47), and TFEQ was (56.09 ± 12.57), respectively. TFEQ and SAD independently and jointly acted as mediators in the relationship between FNE and DASS. Physical activity played a moderating role, with the interaction effect between FNE and groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 determined to be 0.407 (<i>95%CI</i> 0.136 to 0.678), 0.328 (<i>95%CI</i> 0.061 to 0.596) and 0.332 (<i>95%CI</i> 0.073 to 0.591), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports that disordered eating behaviors have a negative impact on mechanisms of psychological changes, and enhancing physical activity is an effective prevention strategy for psychological distress and disordered eating behaviors among nursing students.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2416905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on performance, reaction time and postural stability in CrossFit - a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Natalia Główka, Jakub Malik, Tomasz Podgórski, Rafał Stemplewski, Janusz Maciaszek, Julia Ciążyńska, Emilia E Zawieja, Agata Chmurzynska, Paulina M Nowaczyk, Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2301384","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2023.2301384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine (CAF) ingestion improves performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent effect on discipline-specific performance and cognitive functions in CrossFit/High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute supplementation of three different doses of CAF and placebo (PLA) on specific performance, reaction time (R_Time), postural stability (P_Stab), heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body mass (BM)) and PLA in 26 moderately trained CrossFit practitioners was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Fight Gone Bad test (FGB) as the exercise performance evaluation and biochemical analyses, HR and RPE monitoring, as well as the assessment of R_Time and P_Stab, with regard to <i>CYP1A2</i> (rs762551) and <i>ADORA2A</i> (rs5751876) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation of 6 mg_CAF/kg_BM induced clinically noticeable improvements in FGB_Total results, R_Time and pre-exercise motor time. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between any CAF doses and PLA in FGB_Total, HR_max, HR_mean, RPE, pre/post-exercise R_Time, P_Stab variables or pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) before and after exercise in all CAF doses than in PLA. There was no effect of CYP1A2 or ADORA2A SNPs on performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dose-dependent effect of CAF supplementation appears to be limited to statistically nonsignificant but clinically considered changes on specific performance, R_Time, P_Stab, RPE or HR. However, regarding practical CAF-induced performance implications in CrossFit/HIFT, 6 mg_CAF/kg_BM may be supposed as the most rational supplementation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2301384"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10795626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehydration effect of qingshu buye decoction on exercise and high temperature-induced dehydration.","authors":"Huanyu Jiang, Jiankun Gao, Huan Wang, Lin Zhao, Yingduo Yang, Jiahua Ma, Shan Gu, Fenglin Hu, Quanyu Du, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2393364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2393364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the rehydration efficacy of QSBYD and elucidate its potential underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>38 participants were randomly assigned to receive either QSBYD or placebo before and after exercise and heat-induced dehydration. Hydration indicators were measured over time. Blood tests assessed cellular anaerobic respiration metabolites, serum inflammatory markers, and coagulation markers. Perceptual measures of thirst, fatigue, and muscular soreness were also taken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QSBYD consumption resulted in lower urine volume (Control vs. QSBYD: 260.83 ± 167.99 ml vs. 187.78 ± 141.34 ml) and smaller decrease in percentage of nude body weight change from baseline (Control vs. QSBYD: -0.52 ± 0.89% vs. -0.07 ± 0.52%). Although no significant differences in urine specific gravity, QSBYD resulted in reduced urine volume at 120 min, suggesting improved fluid retention. Furthermore, QSBYD resulted in lower levels of IL-1β (Control vs. QSBYD: 2.40 ± 0.68 vs. 1.33 ± 0.66 pg/mL), suggesting QSBYD may provide benefits beyond hydration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of QSBYD on hydration is warranted. QSBYD may be an effective alternative to commercial sports drinks in mitigating dehydration effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2393364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of curcumin intake in reducing exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes: a systematic review.","authors":"Popescu-Radu Daniel Vasile, Martinez-López Patricia, Massip-Salcedo Marta, Esquius Laura","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2434217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2434217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports practice, particularly eccentric exercises, induces significant muscular changes, including muscle fiber injuries, strength loss, pain, and increased permeability of the muscle membrane. The duration of muscle recovery depends on factors such as exercise intensity and the specific muscle groups engaged. The inflammatory response plays a crucial role in muscle regeneration, involving various cell types. Curcumin, especially when its stability is enhanced through encapsulation, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Supplementing with curcumin can reduce muscle damage and inflammation caused by eccentric exercise, making it a potential remedy for athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this systematic review is to assess the scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of curcumin in reducing muscle damage caused by sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured search in SCOPUS, Medline, and Web of Science databases was conducted in March 2023, including all available articles. The strategy involved selecting English articles without time constraints, using the search terms \"curcumin\" AND \"Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage\" (ALL(curcumin AND \"Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage\")). Titles and abstracts were screened to assess eligibility. Studies were chosen based on PICOS criteria, and quality was evaluated using the reliable PEDro scale. The eligibility criteria included adults without any diagnosed diseases who regularly exercise (at least three times per week) and follow a consistent pattern of curcumin intake before, during, or after exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comprehensive search identified 11 relevant studies investigating the effects of curcumin supplementation in sport-simulated interventions. These studies suggest that curcumin intake may help reduce muscle symptoms associated with eccentric exercises, thereby improving pain perception. Effective use of curcumin depends on factors such as dosage, bioavailability, and timing, with post-exercise ingestion appearing to be more beneficial.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Curcumin demonstrates a significant potential to relieve muscle-related symptoms, especially delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) that arises from eccentric exercises, thus potentially improving the well-being of those who are trained. It also appears to have the capability to lower biomarkers associated with inflammation and boost antioxidant levels. Nevertheless, for future studies, the bioavailability of curcumin must be considered, as it is a key factor in its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2434217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Do probiotics mitigate GI-induced inflammation and perceived fatigue in athletes? A systematic review\".","authors":"R P Kearns, J S G Dooley, M Matthews, A M McNeilly","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2388085","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2388085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatigue and gastrointestinal (GI) distress are common among athletes with an estimated 30-90% of athletes participating in marathons, triathlons, or similar events experiencing GI complaints. Intense exercise can lead to increased intestinal permeability, potentially allowing members of the gut microbiota to permeate into the bloodstream, resulting in an inflammatory response and cascade of performance-limiting outcomes. Probiotics, through their capacity to regulate the composition of the gut microbiota, may act as an adjunctive therapy by enhancing GI and immune function while mitigating inflammatory responses. This review investigates the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation on fatigue, inflammatory markers, and exercise performance based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) framework. A comprehensive search was conducted in Sportdiscus, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and the screening of titles, abstracts, and full articles was performed based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Of the 3505 records identified, 1884 were screened using titles and abstracts, of which 450 studies were selected for full-text screening. After final screening, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. The studies contained 513 participants, consisting of 351 males and 115 females, however, two studies failed to mention the sex of the participants. Among the participants, 246 were defined as athletes, while the remaining participants were classified as recreationally active (<i>n</i> = 267). All trials were fully described and employed a double- or triple-blind placebo-controlled intervention using either a single probiotic strain or a multi-strain synbiotic (containing both pro- and pre-biotics).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review assesses the effects of daily probiotic supplementation, ranging from 13 to 90 days, on physical performance and physiological markers in various exercise protocols. Ten studies reported improvements in various parameters, such as, enhanced endurance performance, improved anxiety and stress levels, decreased GI symptoms, and reduced upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Moreover, despite no improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂), several studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation led to amelioration in lactate, creatine kinase (CK), and ammonia concentrations, suggesting beneficial effects on mitigating exercise-induced muscular stress and damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotic supplementation, specifically at a minimum dosage of 15 billion CFUs daily for a duration of at least 28 days, may contribute to the reduction of perceived or actual fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2388085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of a vegan diet on body composition, performance and the menstrual cycle in young, recreationally trained women- a 12-week controlled trial.","authors":"Eduard Isenmann, Isabella Trojak, Alessio Lesch, Jan Schalla, Tim Havers, Patrick Diel, Stephan Geisler","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2413961","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2413961","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;An increasing number of people, including recreational trained individuals, choose not to consume animal products and follow a vegan diet. Young women in particular are switching to a vegan diet. Studies have shown no difference in performance and muscle adaptations between a balanced vegan and an omnivorous diet. However, there are hardly any studies on the transition phase from an omnivorous to a vegan diet and the potential difficulties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of a vegan dietary transition and its effects on body composition, physical performance, and menstrual cycle in young, recreationally trained women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Ten young healthy women (23.8 ± 2.0 years, 173.0 ± 5.8 cm) were recruited to participate in this 12-week controlled study (4-week omnivorous phase, 8-week vegan intervention). At the beginning and before the vegan phase, all participants were informed about a balanced diet for fitness-oriented individuals and a vegan lifestyle. They were supervised by a sports dietitian for the entire 12 weeks. Explicit instructions and regular checks on macronutrient distribution were not carried out but had to be implemented independently. The diet was documented using FDDB Extender. The training habits were not explicitly specified, but should not be changed over the entire period. At baseline (T0) and 4-week intervals (T1, T2, T3), body composition (body weight, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass) and performance (squat, countermovement jump) were tested. In addition, the menstrual cycle was examined every two days using saliva samples and a cycle diary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Between treatments, there was a significant decrease in absolute (T0: 94.44 ± 20.37 kcal; T3: 71.67 ± 27.64 kcal; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and in relative protein intake (T0: 1.39 ± 0.28 g/kg BW; T3: 1.06 ± 0.37 g/kg BW; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In carbohydrate consumption, a significant increase was observed (T0: 240.11 ± 53.15 kcal; T3: 266.89 ± 49.01 kcal; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). During the vegan phase, a significant decrease in body weight (T0: 68.19 ± 6.47 kg, T3: 67.73 ± 6.07 kg; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and skeletal muscle mass (T0: 29.40 ± 2.23 kg; T3: 28.74 ± 2.55 kg; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) was observed. No changes were noted in squat performance. The countermovement jump showed a significant decrease in the vegan phase (T0: 26.08 ± 3.44 cm; T3: 23,62 ± 1,00 &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), but also a significant time effect starting in the omnivorous phase (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). No effects were found on hormone concentrations of individual menstrual cycles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The dietary change resulted in a shift in overall macronutrient distribution. Relative protein intake was significantly lower during the vegan phase than during the omnivore phase. This was also observed in a slight decrease in skeletal muscle mass. No clear effects on performance and menstrual cycle were observed during the first ","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2413961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycaemic Response to Acute Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Performed in the Morning or Afternoon in Healthy Subjects: A Crossover Trial.","authors":"Alba Rodriguez-Muñoz, José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro, Belen Sojo-Rodriguez, Javier Benitez-Porres, Margarita Carrillo-Albornoz-Gil, Laura Carrasco-Fernandez, Alba Subiri-Verdugo, Ana Molina-Ramos, Andrés Cobos-Diaz, Francisco J Tinahones, Almudena Ortega-Gomez, Mora Murri","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2433740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2433740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The regular practice of physical activity is considered a health promoter and appears to be one of the main contributors to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the potential effects of exercise on health depending on the time of day at which it is performed have not yet been fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of physical exercise (aerobic or anaerobic) and chronobiology (morning or afternoon) on the glycemic metabolism of healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy subjects participated in aerobic or anaerobic physical exercise sessions, either in the morning or in the afternoon. Blood was drawn from the subjects before, at the end of the exercise and 2 hours after the end of the exercise. Glycemic parameters were analyzed at these time points. A general linear model test was performed after verifying the normal distribution of the raw data (as assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test) or after a logarithmic/square root transformation, considering aerobic or anaerobic exercise and morning or afternoon exercise as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three subjects (14 women and 9 men) were included in the study. The rate of change in glucose levels was significantly higher at the end of anaerobic exercise compared to aerobic exercise (1.19 ± 0.04 vs. 0.98 ± 0.02, respectively), with a more pronounced decrease in insulin and C-peptide levels following aerobic exercise. In addition, the increase of glucose was higher after the exercise in the morning compared with the afternoon (1.14 ± 0.03 vs. 1.03 ± 0.03, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The type of exercise and chronobiology influence short-term glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2433740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in rugby league; influences of age, body composition and ancestry.","authors":"Alice Sharples, Rob Duffield, Jarrod Wade, Hugh H K Fullagar","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2411714","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2411714","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Rugby league is a physically demanding sport that necessitates considerable nutritional intake, focusing on quality and type, in order to optimize training and competition demands. However, rugby league athletes are reported to have inadequate nutrition intake to match these demands. Some factors that may determine an athlete's nutrition intake have been reported in other sports, including (but not limited to, knowledge, time, cooking skills, food costs, income, belief in the importance of nutrition, body composition goals, and family/cultural support). However, these potential factors are relatively unexplored in rugby league, where a range of personal (age, body composition) or social (ancestry) influences could affect nutritional intake. Further exploration of these factors is warranted to understand the knowledge, attitudes and behavior underlying rugby league athletes' nutritional intake that can provide practitioners with a more detailed understanding of how to approach nutrition behaviors and attitudes in rugby league athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary aim was to describe the nutrition behaviors and knowledge of rugby league athletes. A secondary aim was to compare nutrition knowledge and behavior based on age, body composition and self-identified ancestry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifty professional rugby league athletes anonymously completed a seventy-six-question online survey. The survey consisted of three sections : 1) sports nutrition knowledge, 2) attitudes toward nutrition on performance , and 3) nutrition behaviors. All participants completed the online survey without assistance using their own personal device, with data entered via REDCap during pre-season. Nutrition knowledge was compared based on age (years), body composition (body fat percentage (%)) and ancestral groups (Pasifika, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) and Anglo- European).Pearson correlation was used for the relationship between nutrition knowledge, age and body composition. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine nutrition knowledge differences between ancestral groups with age and body composition as covariates. Attitudes and behaviors were compared based on age groups (&lt;20, 20-24 and &gt;25 y), ancestry and body composition. Attitudes and behaviors were analyzed by Pearson correlation for body composition, one-way ANOVA for age groups and ANCOVA for ancestry with covariates age and body composition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall athletes' nutrition knowledge score was reported as 40 ± 12% (overall rating \"poor\"). Nutritional behaviors were significant for body composition, as those with lower body fat percentage had higher intakes of vegetables and dairy products (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.046, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009), and ate more in the afternoon (lunch &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.048, afternoon snack &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.036). For ancestry, after adjustment for both age and body composition, Pasifik","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2411714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The applicability of a commercial 3DO body scanner in measuring body composition in Chinese adults with overweight and obesity: a secondary analysis based on a weight-loss clinical trial.","authors":"Jialu Wang, Anqi Song, Molian Tang, Yi Xiang, Yiquan Zhou, Zhiqi Chen, David Heber, Qingya Tang, Renying Xu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2307963","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2024.2307963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A commercial three-dimensional optical (3DO) scanning system was reported to be used in body composition assessment. However, the applicability in Chinese adults has yet to be well-studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis was based on a 16-week weight-loss clinical trial with an optional extension to 24 weeks. Waist and hip circumference and body composition were measured by 3DO scanning at each follow-up visit during the study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was also performed to confirm the reliability of 3DO scanning at each visit. We used Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) to evaluate the correlation between the two methods above-mentioned. Bland-Altman analysis was also performed to evaluate the agreement and potential bias between different methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total number of 70 Chinese adults overweight and obese (23 men and 47 women, aged 31.8 ± 5.8 years) were included in the analysis, which resulted in 350 3DO scans and corresponding 350 BIA measurements. The percent body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass were 33.9 ± 5.4%, 26.7 ± 4.6 kg, and 50.3 ± 8.7 kg before the trial by 3DO scanning. And they were 30.5 ± 5.8%, 22.5 ± 4.7 kg, and 49.4 ± 8.3 kg after 16 weeks of the trial. Compared with BIA, 3DO scanning performed best in the assessment of fat-free mass (CCC = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.90), then followed by fat mass (CCC = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.80) and percent body fat (CCC = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.75). Subgroup analysis showed that 3DO scanning and BIA correlated better in women than that in men, and correlated better in measuring fat-free mass in participants with larger body weight (BMI ≥28.0 kg/m²) than those with smaller body weight (<28.0 kg/m²).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>3DO scanning is an effective technology to monitor changes in body composition in Chinese adults overweight and obese. However its accuracy and reliability in different ethnicities needs further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"2307963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}