Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Caregivers nutrition knowledge and perspectives on the enablers and barriers to nutrition provision for male academy football players.","authors":"Matthew Cole, Jennie L Carter, Frances Brooks, Charlie J Roberts","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2495879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2495879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The assessment of nutrition knowledge, alongside the enablers and barriers to optimal dietary intake, in youth football players has previously been documented. However, there is comparatively little research on either of these within parents or host families, which is of value to understand given the vital role that these stakeholders play as the primary food provider to young football players. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the nutrition knowledge of these caregivers and explore their perceptions of the barriers and enablers to nutrition provision for male academy football players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validated 35-item online questionnaire (A-NSKQ) was completed by 30 parents and 31 host family providers of youth academy football players from 16 different professional football clubs in England. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions (total), 11 of which focussed on the assessment of general nutrition knowledge (GNK) and the remaining 24 assessed sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). Scores are presented as a percentage for total and each sub-section (GNK & SNK) and classified by the following rating: \"poor\" (0-49%); \"average\" (50-65%); \"good\" (66-75%); and \"excellent\" knowledge (76-100%). Differences in Total, GNK and SNK were compared between parents and host families using Independent-samples t-tests, with the alpha value set at <i>p</i> < 0.05 for all tests. A series of focus groups was also conducted with six parents and twelve host family representatives from four clubs to explore their perspectives of the enablers and barriers to providing nutrition support to youth football players. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Host family providers demonstrated significantly better total nutrition knowledge than Parents (49.95   ±   11.64% vs. <i>p</i> = 42.67   ±   14.43%; <i>p</i> = 0.035), although the knowledge of both groups is classed as \"poor.\" For the sub-sections of GNK & SNK, GNK was considered \"average\" and significantly better than SNK, which was classed as \"poor\" (GNK = 58.12   ±   16.87% vs. SNK = 40.98   ±   14.91%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Host family providers reported significantly better SNK than parents (44.89   ±   13.21% vs. 36.94   ±   15.69%; <i>p</i> = 0.037) whilst no significant differences were observed in GNK between groups (61.00   ±   15.07% vs. 55.15   ±   18.33%; <i>p</i> = 0.180). Three key themes were generated relating to the caregivers' perceptions of the barriers and enablers to their food provision: 1) Club Support and Communication; 2) Time and Financial Resources; 3) Player-specific Characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a clear need for football clubs to educate caregivers in the fundamental principles of healthy nutrition and football-specific nutrition requirements and encourage clubs to develop initiatives to better support caregivers in helping to young players to m","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2495879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12016246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.","authors":"Zacharias Papadakis, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Antonella Schwarz, Jose Antonio","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2501063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2501063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine's ergogenic potential in vertical jumping remains contested, particularly at dosages compliant with collegiate athletic regulations. The NCAA enforces a caffeine urinary threshold equivalent to ~5 mg/kg body mass, yet evidence supporting its efficacy in enhancing explosive performance among trained athletes is inconsistent. This study examined whether acute caffeine ingestion at this threshold improves squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in NCAA Division II student-athletes, while exploring sex-specific responses and trial-to-trial variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty NCAA Division II athletes (18 females, 22 males; 21.3 ± 2.4 years) participated in a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Participants ingested 5 mg/kg caffeine or placebo, followed by SJ and CMJ testing on a force platform 60 minutes post-consumption. Three trials per jump type were retained to preserve intra-individual variance. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) assessed fixed effects of condition, sex, and trials, with random intercepts and slopes accounting for individual variability. A priori power analyses guided sample size determination, targeting sensitivity to detect small-to-medium effects (Cohen's f ≥ 0.2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caffeine elicited trivial, non-significant differences in SJ (β =  -0.24 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.646) and CMJ (β =  -0.71 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.183) heights compared to placebo. Males outperformed females in both SJ (Δ = 9.50 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and CMJ (Δ = 11.30 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), though no condition-by-sex interactions emerged. Trial effects were observed, with SJ improving 2.31 cm (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and CMJ 1.05 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.014) from first to second attempts, suggesting warm-up or neuromuscular potentiation. High intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.76-0.85) underscored substantial interindividual variability. Models demonstrated robust fit (conditional R² = 0.86-0.92), with sufficient power to detect medium-to-large effects (f ≥ 0.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 5 mg/kg caffeine dose, compliant with NCAA thresholds, did not enhance vertical jump performance in habituated collegiate athletes, challenging prior assertions of its universal ergogenicity for ballistic tasks. While sex differences in baseline performance persisted, caffeine did not modulate these disparities, implicating neuromuscular and anthropometric factors as primary determinants. The absence of ergogenic effects aligns with NCAA safety-focused policies but highlights the need for personalized dosing strategies and research into higher doses, genetic variability, and hormonal influences. Future studies should integrate biomechanical metrics and controlled hormonal assessments to elucidate caffeine's nuanced role in anaerobic power sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2501063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.","authors":"Ronald L Gibbs, Tyler Brian Becker","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2477060","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2477060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Most youth do not meet national nutrition recommendations and overconsume high-calorie, low nutrient-dense foods. Adequate nutritional intake is crucial for growth and development. Nutrition practices play a key role in sports performance and recovery. Nutritional knowledge can affect eating patterns. However, there is limited research on general and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine general and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescent athletes were assessed on nutrition knowledge and general and sport-specific nutrition behaviors, including food group consumption, hydration practices, and sport supplement use. Gender differences in general and sport-specific nutrition behaviors were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. Odds ratios and logistic regression, controlling for age, ethnicity, and years in sport participation were used to determine differences in correct responses between genders. Significance was set at the <i>p</i> < 0.05 level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ninety-four athletes (<i>n</i> = 63 male, <i>n</i> = 132 female, mean age = 14.9 ± 1.63 years) were assessed. Differences in nutrition behaviors were found in fruit, dairy, and sugary beverage consumption between genders. Male athletes were more likely to monitor hydration and use sports supplements. Both males and females scored less than 50% on both general and sport-specific knowledge questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescent athletes report lower than recommended food group consumption and lack knowledge of general and sport-specific nutrition information. Improvements in these areas can play a significant role in the health and performance of adolescent athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2477060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercaloric 16:8 time-restricted eating during 8 weeks of resistance exercise in well-trained men and women.","authors":"Daniel T Blake, Cody Hamane, Chelscie Pacheco, Menno Henselmans, Grant M Tinsley, Pablo Costa, Jared W Coburn, Thomas Campidell, Andrew J Galpin","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2492184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2492184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effectiveness and practicality of time-restricted eating (TRE) when trying to maximize muscle mass and strength is unclear. Thus, we examined the effects of a hypercaloric 16:8 TRE approach during supervised progressive resistance exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen healthy and well-trained men (<i>n</i> = 10) and women (<i>n</i> = 7) were randomly assigned to TRE or control (FED). Both groups consumed a 10% hypercaloric high-protein (2.2 g/kg/d) diet and performed supervised resistance exercise 4× per wk for 8 wk. TRE consumed all calories within an 8 h window starting at least 1 h post-exercise, while FED consumed the same number of calories throughout the day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eating windows were significantly different (TRE: 7.9 ± 0.1 h vs. FED: 13.2 ± 0.6 h). Calorie, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake did not differ statistically between groups. Total exercise volume was significantly lower in TRE than FED (6,960 ± 287 vs. 7,334 ± 289 repetitions), as were subjective daily energy ratings (week 4 = -1.41; <i>p</i> = 0.04, week 8 = -1.04; <i>p</i> = 0.06). Both groups increased maximal upper and lower body strength (1RM) and muscular endurance (ME); however, gains in squat 1RM were 4.0 ± 1.9 kg lower in TRE (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Both groups increased fat-free mass similarly (TRE: 2.67 kg; FED: 1.82 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.04), but FED added 1.4 ± 0.6 kg more fat mass (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Subjective mood and sleep ratings did not change in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>16:8 TRE is viable during periods of muscle size, strength, and endurance development in well-trained young men and women when engaging in progressive resistance exercise and eating in a caloric surplus with adequate protein. However, the differences in total training volume, squat 1RM, fat mass accumulation, and energy are notable and practically relevant. These findings should be considered within the broader context of an individual's goals, lifestyle, preferences, and exercise demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2492184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological effects of spirulina supplementation during lactate threshold exercise at simulated altitude (2,500 m): a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tom Gurney, James Brouner, Owen Spendiff","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2498484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2498484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing literature indicates that spirulina supplementation can improve a variety of blood morphological parameters (such as hemoglobin) in healthy and clinical populations. Given the importance of hemoglobin for endurance exercise, particularly at altitude, this study aimed to investigate whether spirulina supplementation can improve blood morphological parameters in healthy cyclists and positively influence physiological variables when completing a lactate threshold test at simulated moderate altitude (2,500 m).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty (18 male; 2 female) healthy participants (Mean  ±  SD; Age 37   ±   9 years, Stature 181   ±   6 cm, Mass 81   ±   9 kg, <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O_2max 51.8   ±   7.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for 3-weeks in a double-blinded randomized counter-balanced cross-over design, then completed a lactate threshold test at simulated moderate altitude, with a 14-day washout period between trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following spirulina supplementation, heart rate at the lactate threshold was significantly lower in comparison to placebo supplementation (spirulina = 152   ±   11 b.min -1 vs. placebo = 155   ±   12 b.min -1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). No other physiological variables (Watts, RER, RPE, VO₂) were significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) at the calculated threshold, or during the first four lower stages. Red Cell Distribution Width significantly increased following spirulina supplementation in comparison to placebo (spirulina = 13.3   ±   0.9 % vs. placebo = 12.5   ±   0.7 %, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Plateletcrit significantly decreased following spirulina supplementation (spirulina = 0.288   ±   0.032 vs. placebo = 0.293   ±   0.050, <i>p</i> < 0.05). No other blood morphological parameters changed (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, three weeks of spirulina supplementation at 6 g/day reduced heart rate during a lactate threshold test at a simulated moderate altitude (2,500 m), but did not produce additional physiological or hematological benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2498484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the associations of dietary protein intake with lean mass and grip strength in children and adolescents.","authors":"Yanfei Wang, Dan Sun, Zhongxin Zhu","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2471471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2471471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental periods during which dietary protein plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health. While the significance of protein in muscle development is well acknowledged, the complex associations between dietary protein intake and musculoskeletal parameters during these stages remain incompletely elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 cycles, including 3,455 children and adolescents aged 8-19 years. Dietary protein intake was assessed through two 24-hour dietary recalls. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and combined grip strength were measured as indicators of musculoskeletal health. Multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fitting techniques were employed to analyze associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher protein intake was positively associated with both ALMI (β = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.004, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and combined grip strength (β = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.027, 0.058, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in fully adjusted models. Notably, sex-specific effects were observed, with stronger associations in boys, particularly in the 8-11 years age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals significant positive associations between dietary protein intake and musculoskeletal health indicators in children and adolescents, with pronounced sex-specific effects. These findings underscore the importance of adequate protein intake during critical developmental periods and may inform targeted nutritional strategies for optimizing long-term musculoskeletal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2471471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition in CrossFit® - scientific evidence and practical perspectives: a systematic scoping review.","authors":"Diogo V Martinho, André Rebelo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Renato Costa, Élvio R Gouveia, Adam Field, Juliano Casonatto, Daniel van den Hoek, Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalsk, Michael J Ormsbee, Hugo Sarmento","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2509674","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2509674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CrossFit^Ⓡ sessions and competitions are characterized by high-intensity challenges that combine aerobic and anaerobic activities with short recovery periods. As a result, effective nutritional practices play a crucial role in optimizing performance and enhancing recovery. Therefore, nutritional practices are central to optimizing performance and accelerating recovery. This review aims to summarize current evidence on nutritional and ergogenic aid responses to CrossFit^Ⓡ practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus). Gray literature was also extracted for studies exploring the nutritional habits of CrossFit^Ⓡ participants as well as the ingestion of ergogenic aids. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine the impacts of dietary habits and ergogenic aids on performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the current review. Carbohydrate intake was below the recommendations for athletes, although protein ingestion remains adequate. High-carbohydrate diets had a positive effect on CrossFit^Ⓡ performance. The evidence concerning the effects of a ketogenic diet on performance is limited. When used prior to or during the workout, the impact of carbohydrates on CrossFit^Ⓡ performance was negligible, whereas the effect of caffeine was significant. Ergogenic aids, particularly creatine and protein, are commonly used by CrossFit^Ⓡ participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The standard diets recommended to CrossFit^Ⓡ participants need to be revised because they are characterized by lower values of carbohydrates. Caffeine should be used prior to or during the CrossFit^Ⓡ sessions. Regarding the impact of ergogenic aids on recovery, future studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2509674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined exercise training and dietary interventions versus independent effect of exercise on ectopic fat in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.","authors":"Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Motahareh Mohebinejad, Mohammad Hossein Mahboobi, Maedeh Nojoumi, Saba Belyani, Reza Bagheri, Fred Dutheil","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528534","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2528534","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;While it is well established that reducing ectopic fat can help prevent insulin resistance in individuals with overweight or obesity, it remains unclear whether diet alone, exercise alone, or their combination is most effective in reducing specific ectopic fat depots. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diet-only, and combined diet-plus-exercise interventions versus exercise only on ectopic fat reduction, and weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for original articles, published until 1 March 2024 (no limitation on publication dates) that included diet only/or exercise and diet versus exercise alone on body weight, and ectopic fat in adults with overweight or obesity. Weighted mean differences (WMD) for body weight, liver fat, standardized mean differences (SMD) for visceral fat area (VFA), and intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined using random-effects models. Studies using noninvasive imaging techniques such as Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and hydrogen-based Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRs) for ectopic fat were included in this meta-analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 17 studies, including 732 participants aged 24.27 to 70.5 years (309 participants with metabolic diseases, and 423 without metabolic diseases) and 38 intervention groups, met the inclusion criteria. The combined intervention of exercise and diet significantly reduced body weight compared to exercise alone [WMD = -2.85 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001], with significant reductions observed in both adults with and without metabolic disease, and for interventions lasting more than 12 weeks. However, the combined intervention did not significantly reduce liver fat, VFA, or IMTG compared to exercise alone. Diet-only interventions significantly reduced body weight compared to exercise alone [WMD = -2.57 kg, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010], but did not significantly affect liver fat, VFA, or IMTG. Meta-regression indicated that weight loss was a significant moderator of the effect of combined interventions on VFA (coefficient: -0.15; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.030), but not for other outcomes. Also, based on subgroup analysis by intervention duration, both exercise and calorie restriction interventions in long-term (more than 12 weeks) have been successful in decreasing VFA in adults with overweight/or obesity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Combined exercise and dietary interventions are more effective than exercise alone in reducing body weight. While VFA was reduced following long-term interventions of exercise in combination with caloric restriction, our analyses showed no change in liver fat, or IMTG. Additional investigation is required to delve into the processes behind these findings and to pinpoint treatments that efficiently focus on reducing ectopic fat","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2528534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of research trends and emerging hotspots in bioelectrical impedance analysis over the last two decades: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Chaofeng Niu, Peiyu Zhang, Chao Zhang, Juwei Dong, Hao Liang, Di Xiao, Birong Liu, Lan Wei, Haixia Lai, Jiaqi Ye, Liyong Ma, Lijing Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2523381","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2523381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Over the last two decades, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained popularity as a method for assessing body compartments in nutrition studies, sports medicine, and evaluating hydration levels, fat mass, and fat-free mass variations in both healthy and diseased individuals. This study aims to offer researchers an overview of the research trends in BIA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using a package of R software (Bibliometrix 4.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9471 articles have been published over the past 20 years, with an average annual growth rate of 10.1%. The research field primarily focuses on nutrition and dietetics, followed urology and nephrology, endocrinology and metabolism, general and internal medicine, engineering, geriatrics and gerontology, sport sciences, cardiovascular system and cardiology, physiology and science and technology-other topics. The research hotspots of BIA over the past 20 years have transitioned from \"water\" to \"fat,\" and subsequently to \"sarcopenia.\" \"Sarcopenia\" and \"phase angle\" (PhA) have emerged as recent research hotspots in the field of BIA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A total of 9471 articles have been published over the past 20 years, with an average annual growth rate of 10.1%. Nutrition and dietetics have consistently been the primary research areas in the field of BIA. \"Sarcopenia\" and \"PhA\" have emerged as recent research hotspots in the field of BIA. The application of BIA in clinical practice still holds significant untapped potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2523381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of nutritional intake status in college baseball players.","authors":"Yoko Iio, Hana Kozai, Mamoru Tanaka, Yukihiro Mori, Manato Seguchi, Yuka Aoyama, Morihiro Ito","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2025.2459090","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diet is closely related to exercise performance. To improve athletes' performance and manage their condition, it is important to get sufficient energy and various nutrients. Thus, it is necessary that athletes understand their nutritional intake status to improve performance and maintain health. This study aimed to explore the nutritional intake status of college baseball players using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Furthermore, the characteristics of their nutritional intake status with respect to athletic performance were evaluated. The result of this studyprovide an opportunity for many under-developed college athletes with irregular lifestyles to recognize and improve their nutritional problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In October 2022, a questionnaire survey of 116 male members of a college baseball club was conducted. Of whom, 100 (94.3%) members responded to the survey and 92 (92.0%) provided valid responses. The survey items included basic characteristics such as college grade and type of living arrangement, and information on living conditions, e.g. whether the participant ate breakfast. Nutritional intake was evaluated using the FFQ. Players were divided into the first (regular players in official games), second (bench players in official games), third (players who may join the second or higher team in the future), and fourth teams (players who do not belong to the first to third teams); these categories were used as a marker of performance level. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the association between the performance levels of baseball players and the intake of each nutrient and food group obtained by the FFQ. For items that showed a significant association, inter-group comparison was performed using the Dunn-Bonferroni method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Carbohydrate intake was greater in the second team compared with the third and fourth teams; saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid intake was higher in the third team compared with the fourth team. Calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, insoluble dietary fiber, iodine, and molybdenum intake was higher in the second team compared with the fourth team. Intake of grains, sugar, dairy, and total energy was significantly higher in the second team compared with the fourth team. However, the protein intake ratio was significantly lower in the second team compared with the fourth team. Overall, energy deficiency and associated deficiencies in protein, fat, and carbohydrate were observed, in addition to dietary fiber and calcium deficiencies. The intake of several food groups appeared inadequate, such as potatoes, beans, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, and fats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study showed deficiencies in the amount of energy and nutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrate in college baseball players. Differences in the intake of carbohydrate, calcium, and insoluble dietary fiber among different perform","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"2459090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}