General and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.

Abstract

Introduction: Most youth do not meet national nutrition recommendations and overconsume high-calorie, low nutrient-dense foods. Adequate nutritional intake is crucial for growth and development. Nutrition practices play a key role in sports performance and recovery. Nutritional knowledge can affect eating patterns. However, there is limited research on general and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.

Purpose: To examine general and sport-specific nutrition knowledge and behaviors of adolescent athletes.

Methods: Adolescent athletes were assessed on nutrition knowledge and general and sport-specific nutrition behaviors, including food group consumption, hydration practices, and sport supplement use. Gender differences in general and sport-specific nutrition behaviors were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. Odds ratios and logistic regression, controlling for age, ethnicity, and years in sport participation were used to determine differences in correct responses between genders. Significance was set at the p < 0.05 level.

Results: One hundred and ninety-four athletes (n = 63 male, n = 132 female, mean age = 14.9 ± 1.63 years) were assessed. Differences in nutrition behaviors were found in fruit, dairy, and sugary beverage consumption between genders. Male athletes were more likely to monitor hydration and use sports supplements. Both males and females scored less than 50% on both general and sport-specific knowledge questions.

Conclusion: Adolescent athletes report lower than recommended food group consumption and lack knowledge of general and sport-specific nutrition information. Improvements in these areas can play a significant role in the health and performance of adolescent athletes.