Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Maturity-Related Adaptations to Combined Traditional Resistance and Plyometric Training in Pre- and Post-Peak Height Velocity Boys.","authors":"Nakul T A Kumar, Jon L Oliver, Jason S Pedley, Ian J Dobbs, Megan A Wong, Rhodri S Lloyd, John M Radnor","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005177","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Kumar, NTA, Oliver, JL, Pedley, JS, Dobbs, IJ, Wong, MA, Lloyd, RS, and Radnor, JM. Maturity-related adaptations to combined strength and plyometric training in pre- and postpeak height velocity boys. J Strength Cond Res 39(10): 1034-1045, 2025-This study examined the effects of a 12-week training intervention on drop jump kinetics in pre- and post-peak height velocity (PHV) boys. Forty boys from a range of sports, aged 9-17 years, were categorized into two maturity groups (pre- and post-PHV) and subdivided to an experimental (EXP) or control (CON) group. The EXP groups completed twice weekly combined traditional resistance and plyometric training program, whereas the CON groups continued regular sports activities. Drop jump ability was quantified by examining performance variables (jump height, ground contact time, and reactive strength index [RSI]), absolute and relative kinetic variables (force, impulse, and power), and movement strategy variables (spring-like correlation, peak center of mass [COM] displacement, and COM velocity). Differences in all variables were analyzed using 2 × 2 × 2 (maturity × group × time) mixed-model ANOVA. Statistical significance was determined as p < 0.05. There were significant maturity × group × time interactions observed for jump height, RSI, mean and peak breaking force, relative breaking force, net impulse, and for all absolute and relative power variables. The results indicate that maturity status influences responsiveness to combined training in boys, with the post-PHV group showing greater adaptations in drop jump performance than their less mature peers. Practitioners aiming to develop stretch-shortening cycle function in post-PHV youth should program a combination of resistance training and plyometrics. Longer interventions with more focused exposure to plyometric training might be required to elicit more meaningful improvements in drop jump performance in pre-PHV children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1034-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echoes of the Modern Training Periodization Concepts in Russia Before the October 1917 Revolution.","authors":"Sandro Bartolomei, Gulnara Mammadova, Renato Manno, Gregory G Haff, Jay R Hoffman, Franco Merni","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bartolomei, S, Mammadova, G, Manno, R, Haff, GG, Hoffman, JR, and Merni, F. Echoes of the modern training periodization concepts in Russia before the October 1917 revolution. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The debate on the origins of the discipline of training periodization is still ongoing. The text \"Olympic Sport,\" published by B. A. Kotov in 1916, was one of the first known books to focus on training methods and strategies for performance development. The book is also considered the first to deal with training organization and periodization. In addition, Kotov was the only author to cover these topics in Russia before the Soviet Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917. Recently, our research group had the opportunity to work on the original text published in 1916 in Russian, and on the article published with the pseudonym of \"Boko\" in 1913 for the journal \"Russky Sport.\" The analysis of Kotov's articles offers an insight into periodization and training at the beginning of the 20th century. The knowledge of the historical events and of the evolution of sport allow this article to be contextualized and to understand the author's attempt to promote a different approach to athletic training. Relevant breakthroughs were included in this article, such as the use of training programs to organize long training periods, the prescription of submaximal training loads based on perceived effort and the use of specific preparation phases. In addition, the text contains one of the first notations of the concept of overtraining. Considering its novelty, \"Olympic Sport\" represents a revolutionary book and the author can be considered as a fundamental contributor to the development of the discipline of the training theory and a starting point of modern periodization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Relationship Between Physical Fitness, Perceived Athletic Competence, and Physical Activity Intensity Levels in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children.","authors":"Chiara Theresia Maria Verheij, Vivian Meijers, Joanne Smith, Esther Hartman","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Verheij, CTM, Meijers, V, Smith, J, and Hartman, E. On the relationship between physical fitness, perceived athletic competence, and physical activity intensity levels in 8- to 12-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-This study investigated relationships between physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) and the mediating role of perceived athletic competence (PAC). The cross-sectional study involved 180 typically developing children (45% boys; 10.0 ± 1.1 years). Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness were measured with the European Test of Physical Fitness, PAC with the Self-Perception Profile for Children, and PA with accelerometry. Physical activity was analyzed separately for sedentary behavior, light PA, moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA). Path analysis in AMOS examined model 1, which assessed the relationship between PF and PA, and model 2, which evaluated the mediating role of PAC in the PF-PA relationship. The results from model 1 showed weak positive associations between both cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness with MPA and VPA (β = 0.215-0.250, p < 0.05). When PAC was added as a mediator in model 2, the significant relationship between musculoskeletal fitness and VPA became nonsignificant, while the relationships between musculoskeletal fitness and MPA and between cardiorespiratory fitness and both MPA and VPA remained weak. In addition, PAC mediated the relationship between musculoskeletal fitness and MPA and VPA in the total population (β = 0.064-0.076, p < 0.01) and in boys, while in girls, its mediating role was limited to VPA. In conclusion, interventions seeking to improve PA should focus on improving PF and PAC, as a higher cardiorespiratory fitness level might directly enhance children's ability to engage in MPA and VPA, and a higher musculoskeletal fitness level might stimulate engagement in MPA and VPA through PAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Among Sprint-Paddling Performance, Shoulder Function, and Upper-Body Strength, in Female Surfers.","authors":"Joanna Parsonage, Hannah Webster, Justin W L Keogh, Sienna Gosney, Luke A MacDonald, Clare Minahan","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Parsonage, J, Webster, H, Keogh, JWL, Gosney, S, MacDonald, LA, and Minahan, C. Relationships among sprint-paddling performance, shoulder function, and upper-body strength, in female surfers. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The aim of this study was to establish the intrasession and intersession reliability of 2 water-based tests to determine sprint-paddling performance and the relationships of water-based sprint-paddling performance, upper-body strength, and shoulder function in female surfers. Ten female surfers (age = 30.0 ± 6.3 years, mass = 65.5 ± 8.7 kg, height = 170.0 ± 6.0 cm) completed 3 trials of an 8-s \"tethered\" and a 15-m \"free\" sprint-paddling test during 2 independent sessions. Dryland assessments included shoulder range of motion, shoulder isometric peak force (internal and external rotation at 90° abduction), and 1 repetition maximum pull-up. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (%CV), and typical error (TE). Excellent intrasession (ICC = 0.97, CV% = 2.98, TE = 0.04) and intersession (ICC = 0.97, CV% = 3.11, TE = 0.04) reliability was established for average force during tethered paddling, with moderate intersession (ICC = 0.59, CV% = 9.74, TE = 0.21) reliability established in measures of peak force. The 15-m free sprint-paddling test demonstrated good-to-excellent intrasession (ICC = 0.76-0.94, CV% = 1.55-2.52, TE = 0.16-0.33) and moderate-to-good intersession reliability (ICC = 0.58-0.76, CV% = 2.58-3.32, TE = 0.21-0.37) across 5, 10, and 15 m. Significant inverse associations were found between shoulder external range of motion and average sprint-paddle force (r = -0.65 to -0.69, p < 0.05), and between the nondominant arm's external shoulder rotation strength at 90° and time to 5, 10, and 15 m (r = -0.63 to -0.65, p < 0.05). Maximal pull-up strength was not associated with either paddle assessment. This study demonstrates that tethered and free sprint-paddling tests are reliable methods of assessing sprint-paddling performance in female surfers and that assessments of shoulder function require further investigation with a larger sample of strength-trained surfers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Magnitude Weight Loss Among Collegiate Wrestlers.","authors":"Andrew R Jagim, Ward C Dobbs, Craig A Horswill, Eric Twohey, Jennifer B Fields, Margaret T Jones","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Jagim, AR, Dobbs, WC, Horswill, CA, Twohey, E, Fields, JB, and Jones, MT. Prevalence and magnitude weight loss among collegiate wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The purpose of this study was to examine the percentage of wrestlers who compete in their minimal weight class (MWC), and the magnitude of weight loss. Data from the 2023-2024 collegiate season were retrospectively analyzed resulting in a sample of 9,638 collegiate male wrestlers from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (n = 1,904) and all 3 divisions of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (n = 7,734). All wrestlers completed skinfold assessments for weight certification at the start of the competition season. The lowest recorded weight class (LRW) achieved by each wrestler during the season was also recorded and used to determine magnitude of weight loss. Out of the 4,605 (53.2%) of wrestlers who competed in their MWC, their average amount of weight loss was significantly higher than those who did not compete in their MWC (3.9 ± 2.5 vs. 3.2 ± 2.9 kg.; p < 0.001), yet they had an initial lower body fat percentage (12.7 ± 2.9 vs. 17.5 ± 4.8%; p < 0.001). At the time of weight certification, wrestlers weighed 8.1 ± 4.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.0-8.2; effect size (ES) = 1.8) kg more than their minimal wrestling weight. The LRW was 3.6 ± 2.9 (95% CI: 3.6-3.7; ES = 1.2) kg lower than their weight at the time of weight certification. Given that slightly more than half of the male wrestlers competed in their MWC, coaches and sports practitioners should recognize that not all athletes follow the traditional assumption of cutting to the lowest possible weight class. Importantly, those who did achieve their MWC had lower initial body fat percentages, limiting the amount of weight they could safely lose. This underscores the need for individualized weight management strategies that consider body composition and health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Changes in Neuromuscular Performance Across a Training Year in Women Collegiate Lacrosse Athletes.","authors":"Marika Korpinen, Meghan Magee, Corey Dulak-Sigler, Jennifer B Fields, Andrew R Jagim, Erica King, Adam Burke, Margaret T Jones","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Korpinen, M, Magee, M, Dulak-Sigler, C, Fields, JB, Jagim, AR, King, E, Burke, A, and Jones, MT. Seasonal changes in neuromuscular performance across a training year in women collegiate lacrosse athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Body composition and athlete load management are vital to adequate training stimuli and to mitigate neuromuscular (NM) fatigue. Research is limited regarding NM performance (NMP) in women lacrosse athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in NMP in women lacrosse athletes across a training year. Collegiate women lacrosse athletes (n = 9, mean ± SD; age = 19.1 ± 0.9 years, height = 168.4 ± 6.8 cm, body mass = 68.0 ± 8.1 kg) completed countermovement jump (CMJ) and isokinetic strength (IS) testing of dominant and nondominant legs 4 times throughout the season: preseason start, preseason end, in-season end, and off-season end to assess NMP. Measures included (a) CMJ output variables of reactive strength index modified (RSImod), jump height, relative values of braking force, peak power, peak propulsive force, impulse; (b) CMJ strategy variables of time-to-takeoff, eccentric duration, concentric duration, relative braking time, CMJ depth; and (c) IS relative peak torques of quadriceps and hamstrings musculature. Secondary measures including body composition variables of body mass, % body fat (%BF), and fat-free mass. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis assessed changes in CMJ and IS parameters to determine patterns in NMP (p < 0.05). Changes observed from preseason start to offseason end included increased CMJ depth (p = 0.019), relative braking time (p = 0.009), and %BF (p = 0.01). The IS variables increased throughout the training year, except for a decrease during preseason, perhaps indicative of overreaching. Negative changes in alternative CMJ variables and body composition reduced NMP, which highlights the importance of off-season program design and implementation to elicit desired training adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Single Session of Postexercise Hot Water Immersion on Same Day Aerobic Performance and Recovery Status.","authors":"Courtney E Wheelock, Elizabeth M Lavoie, John Luke Pryor, Riana R Pryor, Deanna Colburn, Blair D Johnson, David Hostler","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Wheelock, CE, Lavoie, EM, Pryor, JL, Pryor, RR, Colburn, D, Johnson, BD, and Hostler, D. The effect of a single session of postexercise hot water immersion on same day aerobic performance and recovery status. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Postexercise hot water immersion (HWI) passively induces high thermal loads, but its acute effect on subsequent exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate aerobic performance and recovery status after a single HWI session. Twelve subjects (6 males; V̇o2peak: 44.9 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed 3 randomized trials. Two trials were exercise with 30 minutes of HWI (39°C) followed by an identical exercise session 8 h (HWI-8; n = 12) or 24 h (HWI-24; n = 12) later. In the control (CON; n = 12), subjects rested after exercise and completed the second exercise session 8 h later. Movement economy (ME) was measured on a treadmill at 3 stages (6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 km·h-1) followed by a 15-minute running time trial (TT) for maximum distance. Plasma volume change (ΔPV) from baseline was calculated. Perceived recovery was measured before the second exercise session. Independent effects of HWI (HWI-8 vs. CON) and HWI recovery time (HWI-8 vs. HWI-24) were assessed. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. As expected, HWI induced a greater thermal load after exercise compared with CON (p < 0.001). Hot water immersion induced greater body mass loss and sweat rates, but did not affect ΔPV compared with CON. After 8 h of recovery, ME and TT distance during HWI-8 (2.4 ± 0.4 km) was similar to CON (2.5 ± 0.4 km; p = 0.10), though TT declined by 3.8 ± 5.8% after HWI during same day exercise. Hot water immersion-24 TT (2.6 ± 0.5 km; p < 0.01) and subjective recovery (p < 0.01) were greater than HWI-8, while ME was not different. This study saw no effect of a single 30-minute HWI on ME, TT performance, or ΔPV compared with control. Increased running performance and perceived recovery status were observed 24 h compared with 8 h after HWI.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Resisted Sprint Training on Force-Velocity Profile Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Arjan Dougan, Christopher Latella, Tsuyoshi Nagatani, Robert G Lockie, Eleanor K O'Brien, G Gregory Haff","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Dougan, A, Latella, C, Nagatani, T, Lockie, RG, O'Brien, E, and Haff, GG. The effect of resisted sprint training on force-velocity profile change: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 39(10): e1265-e1277, 2025-This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of resisted sprint training (RST) compared with unresisted sprint training (URST) programs to positively influence horizontal force-velocity (F-V) profile variables and acceleration performance in trained individuals. Searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus without year restriction. Included studies (a) used RST by towing/pushing a load as a training modality, (b) were published in a scientific journal, (c) were published in English, (d) were an original intervention, (e) measured pre- and postintervention horizontal F-V profiles, (f) identified training parameters including RST load used, (g) the training intervention was ≥4 weeks in duration or ≥8 sessions, and (h) included a control group that performed URST. After screening, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Raw data (mean ± SD or range) were extracted, and standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for all outcomes. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Resisted sprint training significantly improved force (SMD = 0.47, CI: [0.12-0.83], p = 0.002), power (SMD = 0.53 [0.17-0.88], p < 0.001), RFpeak (SMD = 0.70 [0.03-1.37], p = 0.029), and 5 m (SMD = -0.81 [-1.26 to 0.36], p < 0.001), 10 m (SMD = -0.80 [-1.39 to 0.21], p = 0.007), and 20 m sprint performance (SMD = -1.09 [-1.60 to 0.59], p < 0.001) during sprinting when compared with URST. Resisted sprint training represents an efficient means to increase key horizontal F-V profile variables. The findings suggest that RST may complement or be favored over URST to improve early-to-mid acceleration performance, horizontal force, or power, but further research is required in elite sprint athletes and to determine the effect that RST load and volume have on the adaptability of the F-V profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effect of the Bounce Squat on Ground Reaction Force at the Turning Point and Barbell Kinematics.","authors":"Basil B Achermann, Anna Drewek, Silvio R Lorenzetti","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Achermann, BB, Drewek, A, and Lorenzetti, SR. Acute effect of the bounce squat on ground reaction force at the turning point and barbell kinematics. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The free-weight back squat is a key exercise for developing lower-body strength, with variations that influence muscle activation and performance. The bounce squat, a variation involving a controlled bounce, increases the eccentric velocity at the squat's bottom. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the bounce squat, descent velocity, and load on barbell kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) during back squats. In addition, we explored the prediction of GRF from barbell kinematics. Overall, 29 participants completed 2 sessions, including bounce and no-bounce squats. Session 1 was focused on the load (70 and 80% 1RM), whereas session 2 examined the descent velocity (fast vs. slow). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (p = 0.05). Bounce squats increased the GRF significantly by 19 and 22% (sessions 1 and 2, respectively). Furthermore, it increased the peak velocity in the early concentric phase (Vpeak1) and reduced it in the late concentric phase (Vpeak2). Higher loads significantly reduced the mean concentric velocity (Vmean), minimum velocity, Vpeak1, and Vpeak2, and minimally enhanced the GRF. Faster descent enhanced Vmean and Vpeak2 without affecting the GRF or Vpeak1. These findings emphasize balancing performance with musculoskeletal stress and underscore the importance of accurate technical execution of back squats. Supporting factors such as descent velocity and load should be tailored to preserve the optimal technique. Predicting GRF from barbell kinematics highlights its potential for monitoring squat performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Professionals' Strength Training Attitudes, Behaviors, and Knowledge: A Survey.","authors":"Clayton H McCall, Kaci Handlery, Matt S Stock, Reed Handlery","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005248","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>McCall, CH, Handlery, K, Stock, MS, and Handlery, R. Exercise professionals' strength training attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge: A survey. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Strength training is frequently used by various professionals, yet little is known about their attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge concerning strength training. An anonymous survey incorporating items on strength training attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge was distributed online (i.e., social media, email, listservs) and responded to by 1,298 exercise professionals (68 athletic trainers, 171 personal trainers, 23 exercise physiologists, 780 physical therapists, 35 physical therapist assistants, 78 strength and conditioning coaches, 87 faculty members, and 56 others). Attitudes and behaviors were compared among professions using Pearson's chi-squared test; average knowledge scores were compared through 1-way analysis of variance. A binary logistic regression (cutoff score = ≥70%) was used to determine how demographics, attitudes, and behaviors affected knowledge scores. Alpha was set at 0.01 for all comparisons. Sixty-eight percent of physical therapists felt that strength training is inadequately applied in their profession compared with 11% of strength coaches. Strength coaches (73.1%) and personal trainers (65.5%) were the most likely professions to document rest periods. Compared with physical therapists, personal trainers and strength coaches were less likely to score ≥70% on knowledge items (OR = 0.22, 99% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.79 and OR = 0.21, 99% CI, 0.06-0.80), respectively. Having a Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist certification increased the odds of scoring ≥70% (OR = 2.47, 99% CI, 1.46-4.16). Exercise professionals have similar attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge of strength training, with a few important exceptions. Results can be used to guide conversations between professions with the goal of improving strength training implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}