Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Maturity-Related Adaptations in Athletic Profile and Performance: Considerations for Training Prescription in Adolescent Females.","authors":"Jamie Salter, Zoe Dawson, Jacob Rymer, Luke Walsh, Peter Mundy, Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005498","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Salter, J, Dawson, Z, Rymer, J, Walsh, L, Mundy, P, Gledhill, A, and Forsdyke, D. Maturity-related adaptations in athletic profile and performance: Considerations for training prescription in adolescent females. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1056-e1063, 2026-This study investigated the influence of biological maturity on the athletic profile and physical performance of adolescent girls to provide much-needed data-driven considerations for training prescription. A cross-sectional design assessed 116 female athletes (age: 13.5 ± 2.8 years; stature: 155.9 ± 14.0 cm; body mass: 50.1 ± 16.0 kg; percentage of predicted adult height: 93.4 ± 6.9%) categorized by maturity offset into pre-, circa-, and post-peak height velocity (PHV) groups. Subjects completed a testing battery comprising an isometric mid-thigh pull with absolute (i.e., Peak Force) and time-locked (i.e., Force at 50 [Force 50 ], 100 [Force 100 ], and 200 [Force 200 ] ms) variables, and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and maximal sprinting speed (MSS) to obtain athletic profiles based on Anaerobic Speed Reserve (ASR). The results indicated significant increases across maturity groups for PF and all time-locked variables ( p < 0.05), with large effect sizes observed between pre- and post-PHV groups. Although MSS significantly improved following PHV ( p < 0.001, d = 1.59), no significant differences were observed for MAS across the maturity spectrum ( p > 0.05). This study concludes that biological maturity stimulates significant gains in absolute and reactive strength and sprinting speed in adolescent girls, yet qualities such as aerobic capacity remain stagnant, leading to an increased ASR across maturation. These findings suggest that athletes transition from aerobic toward anaerobic dominance, which may have implications for performance, recovery, and injury risk if sufficient profile-specific training adaptations are not implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1056-e1063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular and Subjective Recovery Responses to Day and Night Fixtures During Congested and Noncongested Microcycles in Professional Soccer Players.","authors":"Irvin Mukandi, Anthony Turner, Chris Bishop, Marco Beato","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005508","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mukandi, I, Turner, A, Bishop, C, Beato, M. Neuromuscular and subjective recovery responses to day and night fixtures during congested and noncongested microcycles in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1105-e1119, 2026-This study investigated and compared the impact of day and night fixtures during congested and noncongested microcycles on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and subjective self-reported measures 40 hours postcompetitive match play in professional soccer players. Twenty-eight players completed CMJ baseline assessment during preseason. Assessment 40 hours postmatch was limited to players who played ≥60 minutes. Baseline measures for subjective self-reported measures were collected 24 hours prematch. Congested microcycles were classified as 3-5 days between fixtures and noncongested microcycles ≥7 days between fixtures. Across all 4 fixture contexts, significant reductions ( p < 0.05) with small-to-moderate effects ( δ = -0.47 to 0.30) were observed for all CMJ metrics, except for eccentric mean force that showed nonsignificant, trivial effects for congested microcycles and night fixtures. Statistically significant reductions in sleep quality, mood, muscle soreness, and a composite score of all 3 measures were observed for both congested and noncongested microcycles as well as day fixtures ( p < 0.05) ( δ = -0.59 to 0.11). For night fixtures, nonsignificant changes were observed for sleep quality and mood. No significant differences were observed between day and night fixtures as well as congested and noncongested microcycles for all CMJ metrics. For subjective self-reported measures, significant trivial to small differences with a bias toward night fixtures were observed for muscle soreness, mood, and composite score. No significant differences were observed among the global positioning system metrics between congested and noncongested microcycles. Significant differences were observed between high-speed running and sprint distance between day and night fixtures with a bias toward day fixtures, while nonsignificant differences were found for total distance, distance per minute, accelerations, and decelerations. Monitoring both objective and subjective self-reported measures provides a holistic approach to understanding player fatigue and recovery, allowing for informed decision making in congested periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1105-e1119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substitutions in Professional Elite Soccer Increase Distance and High-Intensity Actions.","authors":"Thomas Carpels, Sarah Kelly, Ole J Kemi","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005499","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Carpels, T, Kelly, S, and Kemi, OJ. Substitutions in professional elite soccer increase distance and high-intensity actions. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1073-e1080, 2026-Physical performance in intense domains including distance covered and high-intensity actions are central for success in soccer. During a match, players need to appropriately distribute their capacity for intense match-play to last the full match. Substitutions may mitigate performance losses. Here, we investigated physical performance by global positioning system-tracked total distance, repeated high-intensity efforts and peak metabolic power, and result score impact, of substitutions in top division male professional elite soccer players ( n = 48) in 95 competitive matches over 3 seasons, featuring 253 substitutions. We found that full match-players showed 4% higher maximal oxygen uptake ( p < 0.05) versus substitution players. Relative distance covered in match was 50-74% higher ( p < 0.01) in players who substituted into the match versus players who played the full match or were replaced during the match. Repeated high-intensity efforts in match was 61-93% higher ( p < 0.01) in players who substituted into the match versus those who played the full match or were replaced during the match. These effects occurred in all player positions, and no home and away match differences occurred. Peak metabolic power did not differ between full-match or substitute players. Finally, we found that substitutions were 3-4 times more likely to improve match score than worsen it ( p < 0.01), especially substitutions between 60 and 80 minutes of the match. In conclusion, substitutions permit a team to maintain or increase physical performance, including high-intensity actions, during the course of a match.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1073-e1080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing Matters: Effectiveness of Compressive Garments on Recovery in Trail Runners.","authors":"Giorgia C Cuniberti, Alexa Callovini, Michele Mattivi, Martina Palumbo, Tobia Forrer, Simone Bettega, Anna Pedrinolla, Elisa Danese, Stefano Ugel, Alessandro Fornasiero, Chiara Zoppirolli, Federico Schena, Barbara Pellegrini, Lorenzo Bortolan","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005501","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cuniberti, G, Callovini, A, Mattivi, M, Palumbo, M, Forrer, T, Bettega, S, Pedrinolla, A, Danese, E, Ugel, S, Fornasiero, A, Zoppirolli, C, Schena, F, Pellegrini, B, and Bortolan, L. Timing matters: Effectiveness of compressive garments on recovery in trail runners. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1137-e1148, 2026-The effectiveness of compressive garments (CGs) for postexercise recovery remains contentious in scientific research. Variability in findings may arise from different garment properties and exercises used to induce fatigue or muscle damage, particularly when tasks involve eccentric actions, such as downhill running. This study investigates the effects of medium compression shorts on recovery after a 26-km trail running race. Fifty-six trail runners (13 women and 43 men, age: 33.9 ± 8.1) were recruited and allocated to 3 groups: wearing CGs during the race (RACE) or during a 48-hour recovery period (REC), and a control group (CON). Inflammatory biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein), neuromuscular (NM) parameters (maximal voluntary contraction, rate of force development, local endurance of the knee extensors, countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump), and perceptual parameters (perception of delayed-onset muscle soreness) were assessed before, immediately after (POST-0) and 48 hours (POST-48) post-race. Neither relative effort nor total race time differs between groups. Both RACE and REC groups showed attenuated CK increases from POST-0 to POST-48 compared with CON (+16.4%; +9.3%; +107.2%, p < 0.001), but CMJ height performance recovered significantly from POST-0 to POST-48 only in the RACE group (+9.9%, p < 0.001; +3.7%; +9.3% for RACE, REC, and CON). No other significant differences were found. The attenuated CK increase suggests that CGs may reduce muscle microtrauma and enhance metabolic clearance. Using CGs only during the race improved CMJ performance at POST-48, indicating that limiting muscle damage is crucial for promoting neuromuscular recovery after a trail race.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1137-e1148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Advanced Footwear Technology in Trail Running Shoes on Running Economy.","authors":"Dustin P Joubert, Jordan Sanders","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005553","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Joubert, DP and Sanders, J. Effects of advanced footwear technology in trail running shoes on running economy. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): 1305-1309, 2026-Advanced footwear technology (AFT) in both road racing shoes and track spikes improves running economy (RE). AFT features are now used in trail running shoes, but the efficacy has not been determined. Our purpose was to measure the effect of AFT trail shoes on RE over trail surfaces. Eight trail runners completed a single outdoor trail running session consisting of 4 × 1,500-m trials at self-selected 50 k race effort wearing both an AFT trail shoe and a control trail shoe with a 5-minute rest between trials. Shoes were tested in a duplicate, mirrored order in either an ABBA or BAAB sequence, counterbalanced across subjects. Oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ) was measured with a portable metabolic device, and the average values of the final 1000 m of each 1500-m trial were calculated. RE was calculated as V̇O 2 expressed as cost of transport (CoT; ml·kg -1 ·km -1 ) to normalize for running speed. RE was compared between shoes with a dependent sample t test. There was a significant difference in RE between shoes ( p = 0.036, dz = 0.92) with AFT (219.5 ± 15.4 ml·kg -1 ·km -1 ) offering a 1.1 ± 1.1% RE benefit relative to control (221.9 ± 16.9 ml·kg -1 ·km -1 ). Average running speed across all trials was 11.5 ± 0.7 km·h -1 . Although the RE benefit of AFT in trail shoes was significant, it was smaller than RE benefits of AFT previously observed in road racing shoes when tested at faster speeds on a treadmill. Nonetheless, the RE benefits of AFT should result in meaningful performance improvements in trail races.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1305-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Adaptations, Performance, and Monitoring of Endurance Training Within Moderate Domain Intensities.","authors":"Miller P Guimarães, Yan F Foresti, Marcelo Papoti, Paulo H S M Azevedo","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005517","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Guimarães, MP, Foresti, YF, Papoti, M, and de Azevedo, PHSM. Neuromuscular adaptations, performance, and monitoring of endurance training within moderate domain intensities. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1046-e1055, 2026-This study aims to find whether training at the upper limit of the moderate domain or below it (10-15%) differently affects neuromuscular and psychophysiological responses and performance. A total of 20 trained amateur runners participated in this 12-week study. In the first 4 weeks, subjects underwent familiarization with the tests and training. Then the subjects were divided into 2 groups ( n = 10 per group, with 6 men and 4 women in each group): VL 1 and <VL 1 , in which they were expected to train at the upper limit of the moderate domain and 10-15% below it for 6 weeks, respectively. The training was designed to be volume-equated between groups. Body composition, neuromuscular adaptations, and performance were evaluated, and the training and recovery sessions were monitored for psychophysiological factors. The groups showed no significant differences in neuromuscular and performance variables, although they improved from the pre- to post-intervention periods, except for D', which worsened in both groups. The psychophysiological variables differed between the groups at some times, being higher for the VL 1 but within acceptable limits. Training at the upper limit of the moderate domain or 10-15% below it similarly improves trained amateur runners' neuromuscular variables and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1046-e1055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive Bimanual Force Control and Tensiomyography-Derived Muscle Contractile Properties.","authors":"Joon Ho Lee, Seunghyeok Yeom, Kyoungkyu Jeon, Nyeonju Kang","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005495","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Lee, JH, Yeom, S, Jeon, K, and Kang, N. Repetitive bimanual force control and tensiomyography-derived muscle contractile properties. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1022-e1030, 2026-Repetitive muscle contractions may induce progressive neuromuscular fatigue, affecting bimanual force control and muscle contractile properties. We investigated changes in bimanual force control strategies and tensiomyography (TMG)-derived muscle contractile properties during a repetitive isometric handgrip task. Fifteen healthy right-handed individuals performed repetitive bimanual force control trials at 40% of the maximum voluntary contraction until task failure. Force variability (i.e., coefficient of variation) and regularity (i.e., sample entropy) were quantified across the initial, middle, and terminal trial phases. Using TMG, we assessed the contractile properties of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in dominant and nondominant hands before and after the task. The subjects exhibited increasing bimanual force variability and regularity from the initial to the terminal trial phases ( p < 0.001). The dominant hand exhibited lower force regularity than the nondominant hand across the 3 trial phases ( p = 0.021). TMG findings showed decreased delay time in the nondominant hand ( p < 0.001), reduced contraction time in both hands ( p < 0.001), and increased contraction velocity in the dominant hand ( p = 0.006), indicating faster contraction responses. Correlation analysis indicated that increased delay time in the dominant hand at baseline was related to more successful trials ( p = 0.027) and decreased force variability ( p = 0.003) and regularity ( p = 0.027) in the middle trial phase. These findings suggest asymmetrical neuromuscular adaptations between the hands, with increasing dominant hand reliance during fatiguing bimanual contractions. This insight may help guide optimized neuromuscular training strategies for addressing fatigue-related asymmetries and injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1022-e1030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and Delayed Recovery Effects of Percussive and Ice Therapies on Shoulder Strength and Sensorimotor Function After Baseball Pitching.","authors":"Ting-Hung Huang, Chiang Liu, Philip X Fuchs, Tzyy-Yuang Shiang","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005507","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Huang, T-H, Liu, C, Fuchs, PX, and Shiang, T-Y. Acute and delayed recovery effects of percussive and ice therapies on shoulder strength and sensorimotor function after baseball pitching. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1064-e1072, 2026-This study compared the recovery effects of percussive massage and icing on shoulder strength and sensorimotor function after pitching-induced fatigue. Sixteen collegiate baseball pitchers participated in a within-subject design, sequentially completing 2 recovery treatments: 10-minute percussive massage and 15-minute icing (15°C) applied to the dominant shoulder after a simulated 5-inning game (75 pitches). Perceived soreness was documented in addition to internal and external shoulder rotation strength and joint position sense at Prepitching, Postpitching, Post-treatment, and 48 hours Post-treatment (Post48-treatment). Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed treatment-time interactions on external shoulder torque at 120°/s and 300°·s -1 ( p = 0.02 and 0.03; ηp2 = 0.23 and 0.20), joint position sense ( p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.41), and perceived soreness ( p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.25). Icing increased peak torque at 120 and 300°·s -1 at Post48-treatment (43.8 ± 11.4, 41.7 ± 10.7 N·m) compared with Post-treatment (36.1 ± 8.9, 35.3 ± 6.8 N·m) and Postpitching (34.1 ± 7.4, 33.3 ± 6.8 N·m) and reduced soreness at Post-treatment (3.6 ± 1.4) and Post48-treatment (4.5 ± 1.2) compared with Postpitching (5.3 ± 1.3)-unlike percussive massage. Both treatments improved joint position sense immediately, with smaller errors favoring icing (4.0 ± 2.8°) over percussive massage (7.4 ± 2.6°) at Post48-treatment. These findings suggested superior benefits of icing for restoring shoulder strength and proprioception, likely due to its ability to reduce inflammation and facilitate neuromuscular recovery. While percussive massage immediately improved sensorimotor performance, it appeared less effective for prolonged recovery than icing. Strength and conditioning professionals may prioritize icing after pitching to manage muscle fatigue and soreness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1064-e1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Combined Training on Physical Fitness According to Maturity in Male Youth Soccer Players.","authors":"Firas Zghal, Serge S Colson, Mohamed A Bouzid, Mohamed Elloumi, Louis Laurencelle, David G Behm, Urs Granacher, Anis Chaouachi","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005506","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Zghal, F, Colson, SS, Bouzid, MA, Elloumi, M, Laurencelle, L, Behm, DG, Granacher, U, and Chaouachi, A. Effects of combined training on physical fitness according to maturity in male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1094-e1104, 2026-The aim of this study was to investigate whether the adaptations related to combined resistance and plyometric (PLYO)/sprint training on measures of physical fitness differed according to maturity status. Thirty-five young male soccer players were assigned to 2 experimental groups, labeled circa-peak-height-velocity [PHV] ( n = 13, age 14.2 ± 0.2 years, predicted from/to age at PHV [PAPHV] = +0.1 ± 0.3 years) and post-PHV ( n = 12, age 17.2 ± 0.4 years, PAPHV = +2.9 ± 0.5 years), and an active control group (CONT; n = 10, age 15.8 ± 1.7 years, PAPHV = +1.1 ± 1.3 years). Two weekly sessions of combined resistance training and PLYO/sprint training, or soccer training sessions, were added to the regular soccer-training program for the experimental and CONT groups, respectively. Before and after 7 weeks of training, absolute peak torque, peak torque normalized to thigh volume, and absolute and relative (normalized to peak torque) rate of torque development (RTD) during maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors were assessed. In addition, vertical jump (squat [SJ], countermovement [CMJ], drop jump [DJ]), linear sprint (5, 10, 20 m), and change-of-direction (CoD) speed tests (505 test) were performed. An analysis of covariance with group as between-subject comparator and baseline data as a covariate was computed using delta values. Significant differences were observed for absolute peak torque ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.62), peak torque normalized to thigh volume ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.58), absolute RTD ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.64), and relative RTD ( p < 0.01; η2 = 0.26), vertical jump performance (SJ: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.54, CMJ: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.66), and linear sprint (5-m: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.55, 10-m: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.36) and CoD speed ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.41) with greater percentage changes for the circa- compared with the post-PHV group. Our results suggest that the extent of adaptations to combined resistance and plyometric (PLYO)/sprint training is influenced by the individuals' maturity status. From a practical perspective, the findings of this study suggest that combined resistance and plyometric/sprint training could be particularly useful when performed around PHV, a maturational status at which greater neuromuscular adaptability may enable further gains in physical fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1094-e1104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Sex on the Recovery Response Following Isometric Exercise Performed at Long Muscle Length.","authors":"Giuseppe Rosaci, Federico Nigro, Samuele M Marcora, Sandro Bartolomei","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005521","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rosaci, G, Nigro, F, Marcora, SM, and Bartolomei, S. Influence of sex on the recovery response following isometric exercise performed at long muscle length. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1039-e1045, 2026-The aim of the study was to compare the recovery responses of the pectoralis major muscle in men and women after isometric exercise. Twelve men (age: 25.3 ± 4.1 years; height: 177.6 ± 7.4 cm; body mass: 81.6 ± 10.1; training experience: 6.7 ± 3.7) and 10 women (age: 24.5 ± 1.4 years; height: 166.4 ± 6.7 cm; body mass: 62.5 ± 7.4; training experience: 5.0 ± 2.7) performed a high-intensity (maximum effort) intermittent isometric exercise at long muscle length (LML) for the pectoralis major muscle. Peak force at LML and short muscle length, average power at bench throw power test, muscle architecture (muscle thickness and corrected echo intensity), and muscle soreness were assessed before, and 15 minutes, 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Rate of perceived exertion was also collected 15 minutes postexercise. Although men were significantly stronger that women, no sex differences were detected in changes of peak force at LML ( p ≥ 0.184) and short muscle length ( p ≥ 0.514), muscle architecture ( p ≥ 0.552), soreness ( p ≥ 0.09), and on rate of perceived exertion ( p ≥ 0.452). However, a greater drop in average power at the bench throw power test was registered in men compared with women 15 minutes postexercise ( p < 0.001, d = 2.36). Although similar patterns of muscle recovery were observed in men and women, a sex-related difference may exist in the acute effects of isometric exercise on power exertion. Men indeed may be more sensitive to acute fatigue and more prone to power reductions after isometric exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1039-e1045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}