Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Repetitive Bimanual Force Control and Tensiomyography-Derived Muscle Contractile Properties.","authors":"Joon Ho Lee, Seunghyeok Yeom, Kyoungkyu Jeon, Nyeonju Kang","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005495","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Lee, JH, Yeom, S, Jeon, K, and Kang, N. Repetitive bimanual force control and tensiomyography-derived muscle contractile properties. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1022-e1030, 2026-Repetitive muscle contractions may induce progressive neuromuscular fatigue, affecting bimanual force control and muscle contractile properties. We investigated changes in bimanual force control strategies and tensiomyography (TMG)-derived muscle contractile properties during a repetitive isometric handgrip task. Fifteen healthy right-handed individuals performed repetitive bimanual force control trials at 40% of the maximum voluntary contraction until task failure. Force variability (i.e., coefficient of variation) and regularity (i.e., sample entropy) were quantified across the initial, middle, and terminal trial phases. Using TMG, we assessed the contractile properties of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in dominant and nondominant hands before and after the task. The subjects exhibited increasing bimanual force variability and regularity from the initial to the terminal trial phases ( p < 0.001). The dominant hand exhibited lower force regularity than the nondominant hand across the 3 trial phases ( p = 0.021). TMG findings showed decreased delay time in the nondominant hand ( p < 0.001), reduced contraction time in both hands ( p < 0.001), and increased contraction velocity in the dominant hand ( p = 0.006), indicating faster contraction responses. Correlation analysis indicated that increased delay time in the dominant hand at baseline was related to more successful trials ( p = 0.027) and decreased force variability ( p = 0.003) and regularity ( p = 0.027) in the middle trial phase. These findings suggest asymmetrical neuromuscular adaptations between the hands, with increasing dominant hand reliance during fatiguing bimanual contractions. This insight may help guide optimized neuromuscular training strategies for addressing fatigue-related asymmetries and injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1022-e1030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and Delayed Recovery Effects of Percussive and Ice Therapies on Shoulder Strength and Sensorimotor Function After Baseball Pitching.","authors":"Ting-Hung Huang, Chiang Liu, Philip X Fuchs, Tzyy-Yuang Shiang","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005507","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Huang, T-H, Liu, C, Fuchs, PX, and Shiang, T-Y. Acute and delayed recovery effects of percussive and ice therapies on shoulder strength and sensorimotor function after baseball pitching. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1064-e1072, 2026-This study compared the recovery effects of percussive massage and icing on shoulder strength and sensorimotor function after pitching-induced fatigue. Sixteen collegiate baseball pitchers participated in a within-subject design, sequentially completing 2 recovery treatments: 10-minute percussive massage and 15-minute icing (15°C) applied to the dominant shoulder after a simulated 5-inning game (75 pitches). Perceived soreness was documented in addition to internal and external shoulder rotation strength and joint position sense at Prepitching, Postpitching, Post-treatment, and 48 hours Post-treatment (Post48-treatment). Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed treatment-time interactions on external shoulder torque at 120°/s and 300°·s -1 ( p = 0.02 and 0.03; ηp2 = 0.23 and 0.20), joint position sense ( p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.41), and perceived soreness ( p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.25). Icing increased peak torque at 120 and 300°·s -1 at Post48-treatment (43.8 ± 11.4, 41.7 ± 10.7 N·m) compared with Post-treatment (36.1 ± 8.9, 35.3 ± 6.8 N·m) and Postpitching (34.1 ± 7.4, 33.3 ± 6.8 N·m) and reduced soreness at Post-treatment (3.6 ± 1.4) and Post48-treatment (4.5 ± 1.2) compared with Postpitching (5.3 ± 1.3)-unlike percussive massage. Both treatments improved joint position sense immediately, with smaller errors favoring icing (4.0 ± 2.8°) over percussive massage (7.4 ± 2.6°) at Post48-treatment. These findings suggested superior benefits of icing for restoring shoulder strength and proprioception, likely due to its ability to reduce inflammation and facilitate neuromuscular recovery. While percussive massage immediately improved sensorimotor performance, it appeared less effective for prolonged recovery than icing. Strength and conditioning professionals may prioritize icing after pitching to manage muscle fatigue and soreness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1064-e1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Combined Training on Physical Fitness According to Maturity in Male Youth Soccer Players.","authors":"Firas Zghal, Serge S Colson, Mohamed A Bouzid, Mohamed Elloumi, Louis Laurencelle, David G Behm, Urs Granacher, Anis Chaouachi","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005506","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Zghal, F, Colson, SS, Bouzid, MA, Elloumi, M, Laurencelle, L, Behm, DG, Granacher, U, and Chaouachi, A. Effects of combined training on physical fitness according to maturity in male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1094-e1104, 2026-The aim of this study was to investigate whether the adaptations related to combined resistance and plyometric (PLYO)/sprint training on measures of physical fitness differed according to maturity status. Thirty-five young male soccer players were assigned to 2 experimental groups, labeled circa-peak-height-velocity [PHV] ( n = 13, age 14.2 ± 0.2 years, predicted from/to age at PHV [PAPHV] = +0.1 ± 0.3 years) and post-PHV ( n = 12, age 17.2 ± 0.4 years, PAPHV = +2.9 ± 0.5 years), and an active control group (CONT; n = 10, age 15.8 ± 1.7 years, PAPHV = +1.1 ± 1.3 years). Two weekly sessions of combined resistance training and PLYO/sprint training, or soccer training sessions, were added to the regular soccer-training program for the experimental and CONT groups, respectively. Before and after 7 weeks of training, absolute peak torque, peak torque normalized to thigh volume, and absolute and relative (normalized to peak torque) rate of torque development (RTD) during maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors were assessed. In addition, vertical jump (squat [SJ], countermovement [CMJ], drop jump [DJ]), linear sprint (5, 10, 20 m), and change-of-direction (CoD) speed tests (505 test) were performed. An analysis of covariance with group as between-subject comparator and baseline data as a covariate was computed using delta values. Significant differences were observed for absolute peak torque ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.62), peak torque normalized to thigh volume ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.58), absolute RTD ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.64), and relative RTD ( p < 0.01; η2 = 0.26), vertical jump performance (SJ: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.54, CMJ: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.66), and linear sprint (5-m: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.55, 10-m: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.36) and CoD speed ( p < 0.001; η2 = 0.41) with greater percentage changes for the circa- compared with the post-PHV group. Our results suggest that the extent of adaptations to combined resistance and plyometric (PLYO)/sprint training is influenced by the individuals' maturity status. From a practical perspective, the findings of this study suggest that combined resistance and plyometric/sprint training could be particularly useful when performed around PHV, a maturational status at which greater neuromuscular adaptability may enable further gains in physical fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1094-e1104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Sex on the Recovery Response Following Isometric Exercise Performed at Long Muscle Length.","authors":"Giuseppe Rosaci, Federico Nigro, Samuele M Marcora, Sandro Bartolomei","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005521","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rosaci, G, Nigro, F, Marcora, SM, and Bartolomei, S. Influence of sex on the recovery response following isometric exercise performed at long muscle length. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): e1039-e1045, 2026-The aim of the study was to compare the recovery responses of the pectoralis major muscle in men and women after isometric exercise. Twelve men (age: 25.3 ± 4.1 years; height: 177.6 ± 7.4 cm; body mass: 81.6 ± 10.1; training experience: 6.7 ± 3.7) and 10 women (age: 24.5 ± 1.4 years; height: 166.4 ± 6.7 cm; body mass: 62.5 ± 7.4; training experience: 5.0 ± 2.7) performed a high-intensity (maximum effort) intermittent isometric exercise at long muscle length (LML) for the pectoralis major muscle. Peak force at LML and short muscle length, average power at bench throw power test, muscle architecture (muscle thickness and corrected echo intensity), and muscle soreness were assessed before, and 15 minutes, 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Rate of perceived exertion was also collected 15 minutes postexercise. Although men were significantly stronger that women, no sex differences were detected in changes of peak force at LML ( p ≥ 0.184) and short muscle length ( p ≥ 0.514), muscle architecture ( p ≥ 0.552), soreness ( p ≥ 0.09), and on rate of perceived exertion ( p ≥ 0.452). However, a greater drop in average power at the bench throw power test was registered in men compared with women 15 minutes postexercise ( p < 0.001, d = 2.36). Although similar patterns of muscle recovery were observed in men and women, a sex-related difference may exist in the acute effects of isometric exercise on power exertion. Men indeed may be more sensitive to acute fatigue and more prone to power reductions after isometric exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e1039-e1045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Contrast Training Using Holding Isometric and Ballistic Exercises on Physical Performance of Youth Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Sonam K Ramchiary, Sambhu Prasad, Heta Meto, Guniya Dele, Jakub Jarosz, Rohit K Thapa","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005510","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effects of a 12-week complex-contrast training (CT) intervention, combining both holding isometric and ballistic exercises, on the physical performance of male youth soccer players. Thirty (age: 17.7 ± 0.6 years) Tier 2 (developmental or trained) male soccer players were randomly assigned to the CT ( n = 15) or control group ( n = 15). Sprint force-velocity profile, 10- and 30-m sprint times, countermovement jump, change-of-direction speed, isometric mid-thigh pull, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, kicking distance, and kicking velocity were collected at baseline and post-12-week intervention. A 2-by-2 mixed analysis of variance and analysis of covariance with the baseline scores as covariate and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc analysis revealed significant improvements in 10- and 30-m times, sprint Pmax (i.e., relative peak power), sprint ratio of forces for the first 10 m (i.e., average ratio of force for the first 10 m), change-of-direction speed, countermovement jump, isometric mid-thigh pull, kicking distance, and kicking velocity for the CT group compared with the control group ( p < 0.001-0.028, ηp2 = 0.18-0.56). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 similarly improved in both groups. In contrast, no improvements were observed for maximal sprint velocity and slope of the linear decrease in the ratio of force as sprint velocity increases (i.e., the slope of linear decrease in ratio of force as sprint velocity increased). In conclusion, CT using holding isometric and ballistic exercises has the potential to induce neuromuscular adaptations and improve the physical performance of male youth soccer players. This CT method could be particularly relevant for soccer players without gym access and/or for nonresistance-trained players who may be reluctant to lift heavy weights.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1271-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148031785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Responses to Resistance Exercise Followed by Manual Massage or Pneumatic Compression in Women.","authors":"Francine de Oliveira, Bruno Macedo Leite Reis, Victor Gonçalves Corrêa Neto, Luis Felipe da Fonseca Reis, Jakob L Vingren, Paulo H Marchetti, Jefferson da Silva Novaes, Estêvão Rios Monteiro","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>de Oliveira, F, Reis, BML, Corrêa Neto, VG, Reis, LFdF, Vingren, JL, Marchetti, PH, Novaes, JdS, and Monteiro, ER. Acute systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses to resistance exercise followed by manual massage or pneumatic compression in women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-This study aimed to examine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise (RE) followed by manual massage (MM) or lower-leg pneumatic compression bout (PCB) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during recovery in women. Thirteen recreationally resistance-trained and nonhypertensive women completed 3 conditions: Control (sitting quietly); RE followed by MM (RE+MM); and RE followed by PCB (RE+PCB), with 72 hours between conditions. RE consisted of 4 sets of back squat, bench press, leg press, and lateral pulldown at 80% of 1-repetition maximum until concentric failure. MM was applied unilaterally in a single set for 120 seconds to each of the quadriceps, hamstring, lateral thigh, multifidus, and calf regions. PCB consisted of intermittent pressure applied to the lower limbs at 80 mm Hg pressure following a caudal-cranial direction over a 20-minute period. Systolic and diastolic BP were measured before (PRE) and every 10 minutes postintervention for 60 minutes (Post-10 to Post-60). There were no differences (p > 0.05) from PRE to any Post timepoints in SBP for any condition (F = 0.616; p = 0.697). For DBP, a significant reduction from PRE was found at Post-20 (p = 0.002; d = 0.35) for RE+MM. Despite the lack of significant differences, RE+MM and RE+PCB induced moderate-to-large effect sizes for reductions in SBP and RE+MM induced moderate-to-large effect sizes for reductions in DBP from PRE to Post timepoints. Effect sizes suggest a potential practical relevance of the combination of RE and MM for achieving postexercise hypotension in women and thus use as a nonpharmacological intervention when BP reductions are relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Adaptations to Different Leg Extension Set-termination Strategies in Trained Men and Women: A Unilateral Within-Participant Study.","authors":"Tiago Vasconcelos, Ana Ruivo, Martin C Refalo, Gabriela Chaves Lucas, Pedro R Vasconcelos, João P Brito, José Vilaça-Alves, Rafael Oliveira","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005494","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Vasconcelos, T, Ruivo, A, Refalo, MC, Chaves Lucas, G, Vasconcelos, PR, Brito, JP, Vilaça-Alves, J, and Oliveira, R. Comparative adaptations to different leg extension set-termination strategies in trained men and women: A unilateral within-participant study. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): 1205-1213, 2026-The purpose of this study was to compare relative adaptations between two set-termination strategies (momentary muscular failure vs. repetitions in reserve) using a unilateral within-participant design under ecologically realistic resistance-training conditions. Nineteen trained subjects (11 men, 8 women; mean age: 22.3 ± 3.9 years; body mass: 69.9 ± 10.3 kg) completed an 8-week unilateral intervention. Each subject performed leg extensions, with 1 limb randomly assigned to the FAIL protocol and the contralateral limb to the repetitions-in-reserve (RIR) protocol. Muscle thickness (ultrasound) of the knee extensors and 1-repetition maximum strength were assessed pre- and postintervention and analyzed using Bayesian linear mixed-effect models. Estimated between-protocol differences for hypertrophy were negligible (knee extensors: -0.019 cm [-0.094 to 0.054]), as were differences for 1-repetition maximum strength (knee extensors: 0.198 kg [-1.87 to 2.6]). Secondary analyses using standardized mean differences also suggested no clear overall advantage for either protocol. These findings suggest that resistance training performed with a 1- to 3-RIR may produce adaptations comparable with training to momentary muscular failure in knee extensors under applied training conditions. Strength and conditioning professionals may therefore consider RIR-based strategies as a practical approach to manage fatigue while maintaining training effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1205-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical, Neuromuscular, and Hypertrophic Adaptations Through Different Velocity Loss Thresholds With Moderate Loads in Full Squat.","authors":"Juan Sánchez-Valdepeñas, Pedro J Cornejo-Daza, Luis Rodiles-Guerrero, Miguel Sánchez-Moreno, Luis M Alegre, Julián Alcázar, Fernando Pareja-Blanco","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005491","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effects of 4 different velocity loss (VL) thresholds (0, 10, 20 and 40%) on hypertrophic, mechanical, and neuromuscular adaptations during a full-squat (SQ) training program, using loads ranging from 55 to 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Fifty-one moderately resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to 4 training groups, which differed in the VL threshold achieved within the set (VL0, VL10, VL20, and VL40). Subjects completed 16 SQ sessions (2 per week). Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the following: (a) cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vastus lateralis muscle, (b) countermovement jump, (c) maximal isometric SQ contraction, (d) incremental loading SQ test, and (e) fatigue SQ test. All groups significantly increased muscle CSA ( p < 0.01, group × time interaction p = 0.18; effect size: VL0: 0.19; VL10: 0.22; VL20: 0.19; VL40: 0.47). Significant group × time interactions were observed for 1RM ( p = 0.03) and the velocity attained against heavy loads ( p = 0.02), with VL20 obtaining the greatest gains. Effect sizes in the different strength variables were as follows: VL0: 0.50-1.70; VL10: 0.53-2.34; VL20: 0.81-2.72; VL40: 0.52-0.86. Moderate-load resistance training with moderate VL thresholds elicits the greatest strength gains, whereas higher VL thresholds were associated with greater increases in muscle CSA, despite no significant group × time interaction, and yielded comparatively lower strength improvements, highlighting the need to consider VL when applying velocity-based resistance training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1177-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Fixed Percentage of One-Repetition Maximum, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Last Repetition Velocity-Based Training Load Prescription on Muscular Adaptations in Older Adults.","authors":"Landyn M Hickmott, Ainsley R Bristol, Chace E Davidson, Arsal Chaudry, Jongbum Ko, Scotty J Butcher, Philip D Chilibeck","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005497","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The purpose of this pilot study was to compare fixed (percentage-based training; PBT), subjectively autoregulated (rating of perceived exertion-based training via repetitions in reserve; RBT), and objectively autoregulated (last repetition velocity-based training via individualized last repetition average concentric velocities; LRVBT) resistance training (RT) load prescription on muscular adaptations in older adults (mean age: ∼62 years). A total of 18 males and 18 females were randomized into one of the load prescription groups with matching for baseline strength and administered a 12-week RT intervention. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. There was a significant group × time interaction for four-repetition maximum (4RM) bench press ( p = 0.042). Change in 4RM bench press was greater with LRVBT (12.2 ± 4.9 kg) compared to PBT (6.8 ± 4.5 kg), while change for RBT (8.5 ± 4.4 kg) did not differ from the other groups. There was no significant group × time interaction for 4RM back squat ( p = 0.106); however, all groups significantly increased 4RM back squat from baseline ( p < 0.001; PBT: 17.9 ± 10.6 kg; RBT: 22.3 ± 10.4 kg; LRVBT: 28.5 ± 10.9 kg). Change in knee extensor muscle thickness was significantly greater ( p = 0.020) in LRVBT (0.71 ± 0.43 cm) than RBT (0.21 ± 0.42 cm). All groups similarly improved functional performance (i.e., 5-times chair sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go, 6-meter fast gait speed, and stair-climb power test). LRVBT may be superior for increasing bench press strength, but not back squat strength, power, and functional performance in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1294-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of 2000 m Rowing Ergometer Performance With Load-Velocity Relationship Variables Obtained During Bilateral and Unilateral Prone Bench Pull and Leg Press.","authors":"Alejandro Pérez-Castilla, Mauricio E L Quidel-Catrilelbún, Andrés Baena-Raya, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Filipe Conceição, John F T Fernandes, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005505","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Pérez-Castilla, A, Quidel-Catrilelbún, MEL, Baena-Raya, A, Miras-Moreno, S, Conceição, F, Fernandes, JFT, and Ramirez-Campillo, R. Associations of 2000 m rowing ergometer performance with load-velocity relationship variables obtained during bilateral and unilateral prone bench pull and leg press. J Strength Cond Res 40(10): 1286-1293, 2026-This study aimed to determine the associations between rowing performance with load-velocity profile obtained during bilateral and unilateral prone bench pull (PBP) and leg press (LP) exercises. Twenty-one competitive rowers completed a 2,000-m time-trial rowing ergometer test, along with 2 identical experimental sessions to assess bilateral and unilateral PBP and LP load-velocity profile variables: load-axis intercept ( L0 ), velocity-axis intercept ( v0 ), and the area under the load-velocity relationship line ( Aline ). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ( ρ ) were used to examine the associations of load-velocity profile variables and interlimb asymmetries with 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance (total time). The goodness-of-fit of the simple regression models used to determine individual load-velocity profiles was very high for PBP and LP and velocity variables ( R2 ≥ 0.794). The bilateral variant showed higher velocities than the unilateral variants performed with self-reported preferred ( p ≤ 0.031, ES ≥ -0.48) and nonpreferred sides ( p ≤ 0.015, ES ≥ -0.61), except for LP v0 . Rowing performance (total time) exhibited moderate to very large negative correlations in 31 out of 36 cases with all load-velocity profile variables obtained from PBP and LP ( rs ≥ -0.440, p ≤ 0.046). In contrast, interlimb asymmetries did not correlate with rowing performance (-0.331 ≤ rs ≤ 0.422, p ≥ 0.057), except for LP Aline , which exhibited a significant relationship. In conclusion, load-velocity profiles are specific to the exercise variant and are highly sensitive to rowing performance. Bilateral exercises are recommended, because they more closely reflect the bilateral nature of force production during rowing ergometer performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"1286-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}