Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Sport-Specific Differences in Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics Between Professional Female Volleyball, Basketball, and Handball Players.","authors":"Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Jelena Aleksic, Andrew C Fry","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cabarkapa, DV, Cabarkapa, D, Aleksic, J, and Fry, AC. Sport-specific differences in vertical jump force-time metrics between professional female volleyball, basketball, and handball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of the present study was to examine the sport-specific differences in countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) force-time metrics among professional female volleyball, basketball, and handball players. Ninety-four athletes volunteered to participate in the present study (i.e., 41 volleyball, 20 basketball, and 33 handball). After a brief warm-up procedure, each athlete performed 3 nonconsecutive CMJs while standing on a force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz. Nineteen force-time metrics were selected for performance analysis purposes, including both eccentric and concentric phases of the jumping motion. A one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc comparisons was used to examine statistically significant differences in each dependent variable across 3 sports (p < 0.05). The results reveal that volleyball athletes demonstrate significantly greater impulse, velocity, and mean and peak power during the eccentric phase of the CMJ compared with both basketball and handball players, and longer eccentric duration than basketball players. During the concentric phase, volleyball athletes showed significantly greater duration, impulse, and velocity compared to their handball and basketball counterparts, with higher mean and peak force observed only in comparison with basketball players. In addition, volleyball athletes had significantly greater jump height and deeper countermovement depth than the other 2 groups. However, the difference in reactive strength index-modified was detected only between the handball and volleyball athletes, with volleyball players exhibiting greater values. Overall, these findings can help sports practitioners with the development of specialized performance-enhancement training programs for athletes competing in sports such as basketball, volleyball, and handball.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Psyching-Up Strategies Used in Strength Sports: A Concept Mapping Approach.","authors":"Kurtis Cusimano, Dr Paul Freeman, Jason Moran","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cusimano, K, Freeman, DP, and Moran, DJ. Identifying the psyching-up strategies used in strength sports: a concept mapping approach. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-It has frequently been reported that strength athletes use psyching-up strategies to enhance performance. Despite numerous investigations into the efficacy of these psyching-up strategies, there has yet to be a thorough exploration of the methods used by athletes to do so. Thus, it is important to explore the full breadth of strategies used by athletes. This study aimed to identify the psyching-up strategies used by strength sport athletes and assess the perceived effectiveness on performance. Using a concept mapping approach, 246 strength sport athletes and coaches participated in an initial statement (technique) generation phase, and 112 sorted the techniques into clusters and rated the effectiveness of each technique at enhancing maximal strength performance. In the generation stage, 64 individual psyching-up techniques were identified. Similarity matrix generation, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to produce visual cluster maps, which identified 8 separate clusters of psyching-up strategies: \"pre-performance routines\"; \"positive thoughts, feelings, images, and behaviors\"; \"goals and performance accomplishments\"; \"self-deprecation\"; \"negative thoughts, feelings, images, and behaviors\"; \"stimulation\"; \"physical and physiological techniques\"; and \"aggressive acts\". Participants ranked \"pre-performance routines\" as being the most effective psyching-up strategy, with males reporting significantly higher ratings for \"self-deprecation\"; \"negative thoughts, feelings, images, and behaviors\"; \"stimulation\"; and \"aggressive acts\". The present findings demonstrated a greater breadth of psyching-up techniques than those currently examined within the literature. Accordingly, we suggest a revised definition of psyching-up strategies in the context of strength sports: \"strategies intending to alter activation or to enhance mental preparedness, immediately prior to or during skill execution\".</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Characteristics of Swedish Female Professional Ice Hockey Players Allowed Body Checking.","authors":"Amanda Lahti, Anton Grundberg, Emelie Stenman, Kristina Sundquist","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005009","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Lahti, A, Grundberg, A, Stenman, E, and Sundquist, K. Physical characteristics of Swedish female professional ice hockey players allowed body checking. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): e463-e468, 2025-In ice hockey, physical characteristics impact sporting performance. This study aims to describe body height, body mass, and body mass index (BMI) in professional female ice hockey players in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL), which is unique as it is (so far) the only women's league in the world that allows body checking. This study also compares physical characteristics by players' position and the players in SDHL with the nonchecking female North American Elite League (PWHL). In addition, attitudes toward body checking are examined. All 225 players registered in SDHL 2023/2024 were invited to participate. Data from 159 included players (71%) aged (mean ± SD ) 23.6 ± 4.5 years were analyzed. Body height, body mass, BMI, and attitudes toward body checking were assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. The mean body height was 169.1 ± 5.5 cm, body mass 68.4 ± 6.7 kg, and BMI 23.9 ± 1.9 kg·m -2 . No significant differences were found by player position or between the players in SDHL and PWHL. In total, 88% believed that it was good to introduce body checking in women's ice hockey and 64% did not believe that introducing body checking would increase the number of injuries. The observed characteristics may represent baseline reference values of physical characteristics in female ice hockey players allowed body checking. There is currently no difference in physical characteristics by players' positions or between checking and nonchecking leagues although such differences may occur in the future. Most players were positive toward body checking in women's ice hockey and did not believe that the number of injuries would increase by introducing it.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e463-e468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criterion Validity and Reliability of a New Medicine Ball Rotational Power Test.","authors":"Sean G J Hardy, Oscar W Stelzer-Hiller, Kate M Edwards, Jonathan Freeston","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005001","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hardy, SGJ, Stelzer-Hiller, OW, Edwards, KM, and Freeston, J. Criterion validity and reliability of a new medicine ball rotational power test. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): e429-e435, 2025-This study assessed the validity and reliability of 2 medicine ball rotational power assessments, the novel push for maximum velocity by radar (MB vel ), and the commonly used push for maximum distance by tape measure (MB dis ), against the criterion reference 3-dimensional motion capture (MoCap) to identify the best-practice field-based assessment. Fifteen professional female cricketers volunteered for 2 testing sessions each comprising of a specific warm-up and 24 (12 MB vel , 12 MB dis ) maximal throws of a 2-kilogram medicine ball. Radar velocity and tape measure distance were compared with MoCap velocity and projectile motion calculated distance overall, and by dominant and nondominant sides. Statistical analysis included intraclass correlations (ICCs) for accuracy (1, 1) and reliability (3,1), Bland-Altman plots for bias precision and limits of agreement, linear regression ( R2 ) for variance, and Pearson's ( r ) for correlation. Significance was set α = 0.05. MB vel demonstrated excellent accuracy (ICC = 0.97 [0.97-0.98]), and nearly perfect agreement for bias (-0.09%) and precision (1.49%). Side-to-side analysis showed the same profile for MB vel dominant (ICC = 0.96 [0.95-0.97], bias -0.15%, precision = 1.55%) and nondominant sides (ICC = 0.97 [0.96-0.98], bias -0.05%, precision = 1.53%). MB vel demonstrated excellent reliability overall (ICC = 0.94 [0.82-0.98]) for dominant (ICC = 0.88 [0.69-0.97]) and nondominant sides (ICC = 0.93 [0.80-0.98]). MB dis showed poor accuracy (ICC = 0.38 [0.28-0.47]), large bias (12.43%), lower precision (4.55%), and moderate reliability (ICC = 0.72 [0.32-0.90]). The MB vel assessment validly and reliably measures rotational power performance, enabling practitioners to profile, benchmark, and assess the quality in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e429-e435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Disability Inclusivity in Accreditation Standards for Exercise Science-Related Programs: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Stephanie M Kubiak, Elizabeth A Starns, Rebecca J Wehler, Lindsay A Church, John C Roberts","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005016","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Kubiak, SM, Starns, EA, Wehler, RJ, Church, LA, and Roberts, JC. Evaluating disability inclusivity in accreditation standards for exercise science-related programs: a scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): e506-e515, 2025-The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the level of inclusivity for disability-related language within accreditation standards for exercise science-related bachelor and graduate education programs. Standards from 4 U.S. exercise science-related programmatic accrediting organizations were included in this study. Using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, each standard ( N = 1,043) was classified as either containing disability-related language or not based on the 8 ICF function and structure categories. Owing to the broad ICF disability framework, standards were further analyzed using open coding. Frequencies and percentages of exercise science-related accreditation standards that included or lacked disability language and to what extent were reported. Of the 1,043 standards, 417 were classified as including language related to at least 1 of the 8 ICF categories. Using a more specific disability definition from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, standards were further analyzed and coded as \"knowledge of\" disability ( n = 281; 27%), \"application of\" knowledge ( n = 64; 6%), 21 standards were classified as both (2%), and 677 (65%) were classified as having no disability language. \"Knowledge of\" and \"application of\" coded standards were further organized according to subcodes (disability, risk factors, both disability and risk factors, and basic life support or emergency care). The lack of inclusive language identified revealed a critical need to reexamine the inclusivity of disability in accreditation standards to ensure educational curricula equip future fitness professionals with the education and experience needed to confidently and effectively serve persons with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e506-e515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Threshold of Unweighting in Squat Jumps: A Study on Jump Height and Unweighting Amplitude.","authors":"Dana J Agar-Newman, Simon Funk, Emily Cavin, Mary Claire Geneau, Ming-Chang Tsai, Marc Klimstra","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005019","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Agar-Newman, DJ, Funk, S, Cavin, E, Geneau, MC, Tsai, MC, and Klimstra, M. Determining the threshold of unweighting in squat jumps: a study on jump height and unweighting amplitude. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): 295-299, 2025-Squat jumps (SJs), involving only an upward propulsive phase, are commonly used in athletic assessment and research. Unfortunately detecting an unweighting phase before the upward propulsive phase is typically done subjectively by observing the athlete or inspecting the force-time trace, and there is no clearly established threshold of unweighting for a valid SJ. This reliance on subjectivity to determine a valid SJ has the potential to result in misleading findings or incorrect training interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine at what threshold of unweighting does SJ height increase. To answer this question, 56 female athletes, mean (±SD) body mass (BM) 76.26 ± 12.40 kg, height 1.68 ± 0.06 m, age 22.23 ± 1.47 years performed 936 SJs, under 4 different external loads. Squat jumps were divided into 6 separate groups based on the amplitude of unweighting relative to BM and an analysis of covariance was run with jump height as the dependent variable, unweighting group as the fixed factor, and external load as a covariate. There was a significant difference in jump height (F (5,930) = 13.65, p < 0.01) between unweighting groups while controlling for external load. Post hoc testing using Dunnett test showed that all SJ unweighting thresholds >2% BM (p < 0.01) resulted in an increased jump height from the threshold of ≤1% BM. Therefore, to maintain the validity of SJs as a measure, a threshold of 2% BM for unweighting amplitude is recommended. Adhering to this threshold will eliminate subjectivity in identifying valid SJs and potentially enable practitioners to automate the process using algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":"39 3","pages":"295-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limiting Access to Resistance Training Equipment During the Off-Season: The Impact on Collegiate Pitching Metrics.","authors":"Jacob R Gdovin, Brennen Hogan, Charles C Williams","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004996","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Gdovin, JR, Hogan, B, and Williams, CC. Limiting access to resistance training equipment during the off-season: the impact on collegiate pitching metrics. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): 347-351, 2025-Resistance training has been shown to improve overhead throwing velocity, but it is unknown as to how limiting access to a strength and conditioning facility affects a baseball pitcher's readiness for the spring season. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an individualized pitching program on pitching metrics during an 8-week fall season in collegiate baseball pitchers without a simultaneous structured strength training program. Twelve National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball pitchers completed the study and wore a PULSE Throw Workload Monitor to track peak arm slot angle, peak arm velocity, and peak elbow varus torque, while a radar gun measured ball velocity. An 8-week pitching program had subjects throw 30 and 50 maximum effort pitches in the first and eighth week, respectively, while workload increased by 5 maximum effort pitches every 2 weeks. Paired samples t -tests were conducted to compare variables of interest before and after an 8-week fall season with an alpha level set at 0.05. There was no significant difference in peak arm slot angle, peak arm velocity, and peak elbow varus torque ( p > 0.05); however, there was a significant decrease in ball velocity ( p < 0.001). These data indicate that 8-week pitching programs, not coupled with a resistance training regimen, negatively affect a pitcher's ball velocity. Sport coaches and practitioners should thus make accommodations to access the necessary equipment for a pitching and strength training program to be implemented simultaneously to ensure that pitchers are prepared to perform at an optimal level during the spring season.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"347-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Perfectionism on the Risk of the Female Athlete Triad in Collegiate Athletes.","authors":"Samantha G Brooks, Hannah D Peach, Reuben Howden, Jennifer Lowrie, Joseph S Marino","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005006","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Brooks, SG, Peach, HD, Howden, R, Lowrie, J, and Marino, JS. Impact of perfectionism on the risk of the female athlete triad in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): e444-e450, 2025-The female athlete triad is a metabolic syndrome affecting physically active female athletes, especially in high-level athletics. Little is known about the relationship between psychological factors and triad risk. This study aimed to investigate the risk of triad development and the relationship with perfectionistic tendencies in female collegiate athletes. Division I female college athletes ( N = 25) (mean age 20.2 ± 1.2) completed the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2, Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire, Female Athlete Screening Tool, and medical history surveys. Subjects then received a whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan for body composition and bone density measurements; 60% of subjects were at a moderate risk of developing the triad and 8% were at a high risk. This indicates that there is a high prevalence of triad risk in this population, pointing to the need for better screenings. Subjects with greater perfectionistic tendencies had a greater risk for triad development ( r = 0.58), especially when those tendencies manifest in maladaptive dimensions (concerns over mistakes r = 0.75, doubts about actions r = 0.64) ( p ≤ 0.05). No significant correlations were established between adaptive dimensions and triad risk, suggesting that athletes with high perfectionistic tendencies that manifest in positive ways may not experience increased risk of the triad or disordered eating. The findings provide a greater understanding of the psychological role perfectionism plays in the development of the triad and help identify behaviors that place athletes at a higher risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e444-e450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Perceptual-Cognitive Skills to Reactive Agility in Early and Middle Adolescent Soccer Players.","authors":"Henrieta Horníková, Radovan Hadža, Erika Zemková","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004997","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Horníková, H, Hadža, R, and Zemková, E. The contribution of perceptual-cognitive skills to reactive agility in early and middle adolescent soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): e478-e484, 2025-Agility performance increased from childhood to mid-adolescence, followed by a plateau until early adulthood. Because adolescence is crucial for the development of perceptual-cognitive skills, the question is whether and to what extent its contribution to reactive agility increases during developmental periods of adolescence in invasive sports athletes. This study investigated the association of reactive agility with the speed of decision making, sprint speed, and explosive strength in early and middle adolescent soccer players. They performed reactive and preplanned Y-shaped agility tests, choice reaction time test, modified half T-test, 30-m sprint (10 m split), and countermovement jump (CMJ). The reactive agility time in both age groups significantly correlated with 30-m sprint time ( r = 0.839, p < 0.001, and r = 0.745, p = 0.001, respectively), pre-planned Y-shaped agility time ( r = 0.828, p < 0.001, and r = 0.644, p = 0.007, respectively), 10-m sprint time ( r = 0.823, p < 0.001, and r = 0.775, p < 0.001, respectively), time in modified half T-test ( r = 0.723, p < 0.001, and r = 0.630, p = 0.009, respectively), and CMJ height ( r = -0.744, p < 0.001, and r = -0.615, p = 0.013, respectively), although with the index of reactivity in middle adolescent soccer players only ( r = 0.615, p = 0.011). Based on R2 , the explained proportion of variance was 53.6% for linear sprint speed and 30.1% for a change of direction speed in early adolescence, whereas it was 54.6% for acceleration speed and 31.8% for decision-making in middle adolescence. This indicates the significant contribution of speed factors to reactive agility in both adolescent groups, whereas perceptual-cognitive factors in middle adolescent soccer players only. It seems that even during the relatively short period of adolescence, the changes occur in the contribution of perceptual-cognitive skills to reactive agility in athletes practicing invasive sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e478-e484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Responses to Different Lifting Velocities During Squat Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction.","authors":"Pedro Jesús Cornejo-Daza, Juan Sánchez-Valdepeñas, Jose Páez-Maldonado, Luis Rodiles-Guerrero, Miguel Sánchez-Moreno, Gonzálo Gómez-Guerrero, Juan A León-Prados, Fernando Pareja-Blanco","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005021","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cornejo-Daza, PJ, Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J, Páez-Maldonado, J, Rodiles-Guerrero, L, Sánchez-Moreno, M, Gómez-Guerrero, G, León-Prados, JA, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Acute responses to different lifting velocities during squat training with and without blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): 307-317, 2025-The aims of the research were to compare the acute mechanical, metabolic, neuromuscular, and muscle mechanical responses to different lifting velocities (maximal vs. half-maximal) under distinct blood flow conditions (free [FF] vs. restricted [BFR]) in full-squat (SQ). Twenty resistance-trained males performed 4 protocols that differed in the velocity at which loads were lifted (MaxV: maximal velocity vs. HalfV: half-maximal velocity) and in the blood flow condition (FF: free-flow vs. BFR: 50% of arterial occlusion pressure). The relative intensity (60% 1 repetition maximum), volume (3 sets of 8 repetitions), and resting time (2 minutes) were matched between protocols. Mean propulsive force (MPF), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), mean propulsive power (MPP), and electromyography (EMG) values were recorded for each repetition. Tensiomyography (TMG), blood lactate, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric contraction in 90° SQ, and performance with the load that elicited a 1-m·s -1 velocity at baseline measurements (V1-load) in SQ were assessed at pre-exercise and postexercise. The MaxV protocols showed significantly greater MPF, MPV, MPP, and EMG amplitude during the exercise than the HalfV protocols (velocity effect, p < 0.05). The FF protocols achieved higher MPF and MPP during exercise than BFR (BFR effect, p < 0.05). The BFR protocols induced greater blood lactate after exercise (BFR × time interaction, p = 0.02), along with higher postexercise impairments in mechanical performance (BFR × time interaction, p < 0.05). The MaxV protocols elicited superior performance and greater muscle activation during exercise. The BFR protocols resulted in lower force and power production during exercise and exhibited higher performance impairments and increased metabolic stress postexercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"307-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}