Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squat Performance: A Comparison Between Stronger and Weaker Men.","authors":"Timothy J Suchomel, Conor J Cantwell, Lauren K Marshall-Ciochon, Brookelyn A Campbell, Zachary S Schroeder, Chrstopher B Taber","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Suchomel, TJ, Cantwell, CJ, Marshall-Ciochon, LK, Campbell, BA, Schroeder, ZS, and Taber, CB. Traditional and accentuated eccentric loaded back squat performance: A comparison between stronger and weaker men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Force production characteristics of stronger and weaker men were compared during traditional (TRAD) back squats and those performed with maximal (AEL-MAX) and supramaximal (AEL-SUPRA) accentuated eccentric loading. Fifteen resistance-trained men were separated into stronger (n = 8) and weaker (n = 7) groups based on their ability/inability to back squat at least twice their body mass before completing 3 separate testing sessions. Subjects performed 3 back squat repetitions with TRAD loads of 50, 60, 70, and 80% of their 1 repetition maximum (1RM) or the same loads with weight releasers that equated the total load to 100% (AEL-MAX) or 110% (AEL-SUPRA) 1RM during the braking phase of the first repetition of each set. Braking (B) and propulsion (P) net mean force (MF), duration (Dur), and net impulse (Imp) were compared between groups during each condition. Except for a faster PDur by stronger subjects (p = 0.030), there were no differences between groups during the TRAD condition. During the AEL-MAX and AEL-SUPRA conditions, stronger subjects produced greater BMF (p = 0.016) and PMF (p < 0.05) and a faster PDur (p = 0.014) than weaker subjects; however, there were no differences in BDur or BImp (p > 0.05). Despite no between-group differences during the AEL-MAX condition (p = 0.639), greater PImp was produced by the weaker group during AEL-SUPRA (p = 0.025). Stronger men produced greater BMF and PMF during similar or shorter durations than weaker individuals during AEL back squats, suggesting superior utilization of AEL by stronger individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergogenic Effects of Intermittent Hand Cooling on High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Performance: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.","authors":"Anjie Wang, Weihao Fu, Boyu Shen, Chansol Hurr","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Wang, A, Fu, W, Shen, B, and Hurr, C. Ergogenic effects of intermittent hand cooling on high-intensity resistance exercise performance: a placebo-controlled crossover study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Intermittent peripheral cooling has been proposed as an ergogenic strategy to enhance resistance exercise performance. However, the contribution of placebo effects to its benefits remains unclear. This study examined the effects of hand cooling on exercise performance, neuromuscular activation, and perceived exertion during high-intensity biceps curl exercise, using a placebo-controlled design. Fourteen recreationally trained men (27.4 ± 2.3 years) completed 4 sets of bilateral biceps curl exercise to failure at 70% one-repetition maximum under 3 randomized conditions: full-hand cold-water immersion (10° C, COOL), thermoneutral immersion with placebo induction (SHAM), and thermoneutral control (CON). Cooling or thermoneutral immersion was applied for 60 seconds during each 90-second interset rest period. Total exercise volume was significantly greater in the COOL condition (1,092.3 ± 238.1 kg) compared with CON (892.2 ± 221.2 kg, p = 0.002) and SHAM (946.3 ± 226.7 kg, p = 0.013). The SHAM condition also improved volume compared with CON (p = 0.003). The COOL condition enhanced mean and peak electromyography amplitude during sets 2‒4, and resulted in significantly lower rating of perceived exertion from set 2 onward (p < 0.05). Palm temperature was significantly reduced with COOL; no group differences were observed for barbell velocity or heart rate. Hand cooling enhanced resistance exercise performance and neuromuscular activation without increasing perceived exertion. The SHAM condition also improved performance, indicating a partial placebo effect. These findings suggest that both physiological and psychological mechanisms contribute to the ergogenic benefits of hand cooling during resistance training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectations Impact Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial of High and Low Load Resistance Exercise.","authors":"Imran Miyanji, Harvey Javier Cajina, Anais Pain, William J Hanney, Abigail W Anderson","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Miyanji, I, Cajina, HJ, Pain, A, Hanney, WJ, and Anderson, AW. Expectations impact exercise-induced hypoalgesia: A blinded randomized controlled trial of high and low load resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Exercise has physiological and mental health benefits for musculoskeletal pain. However, the direction and magnitude of pain perception changes after exercise may be influenced by exercise characteristics, such as load, and contextual factors, including patient expectations for pain relief. Although both influence exercise-induced hypoalgesia, prior studies have not examined the combined effects of expectations for pain relief and exercise load. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of positive or negative expectations on exercise-induced hypoalgesia during a high or low load dynamic resistance exercise. A blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in which 60 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either high exertion exercise (push-ups) with a positive expectation instructional set, low exertion with positive expectation, high exertion with negative expectation, or low exertion with negative expectation. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured over the anterior deltoid (local site) and quadriceps (remote site) pre-/post-exercise. Primary outcomes were changes in PPT at each site by intervention assignment, analyzed using a mixed-model analysis of variance with alpha level for significance set at p < 0.05. Positive expectations significantly increased PPT over the deltoid during high load exercise (p = 0.01), whereas negative expectations significantly decreased PPT at the quadriceps during low load exercise (p = 0.01). Expectations for pain relief and exercise interact, emphasizing the need to consider patient expectations when administering exercise for pain. Strength and conditioning providers may want to consider contextual factors, including expectations, presented in the relationship between coach and client.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Jump Height: The Value of Phase-Specific Metrics for Monitoring Fatigue in Basketball.","authors":"Anil C Palanisamy, Jasriya Ahluwalia, Bahman Bahrami, Anaikh Randhawa, Dylan Kobsar","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005352","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Palanisamy, AC, Ahluwalia, J, Bahrami, B, Randhawa, A, and Kobsar, D. Beyond jump height: The value of phase-specific metrics for monitoring fatigue in basketball. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): 591-596, 2026-Basketball athletes must balance intense training demands with recovery to maintain peak performance, while minimizing fatigue-related injuries. Assessing the acute effects of basketball practice on countermovement jump (CMJ) metrics offers a valuable approach to evaluating the impact of practice volume on neuromuscular performance. Fourteen male athletes from the McMaster University basketball team participated in this study, with data collected pre- and postpractice for a 10-week period. Results revealed significant decreases in performance output metrics, such as jump height and modified reactive strength index, after practice. In addition, phase-specific temporal metrics, including braking phase duration, increased, whereas driver metrics, such as eccentric mean braking force and eccentric rate of force development, decreased, indicating altered neuromuscular strategies due to fatigue. However, these changes had limited associations to practice volume measured by inertial sensors, suggesting substantial individual variability in fatigue responses. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of CMJ metrics to acute fatigue, particularly phase-specific force-time components, providing deeper insights into neuromuscular adaptations beyond performance output alone. Although CMJ metrics effectively capture fatigue-related changes, the magnitude of these changes does not exhibit a clear relationship with practice load, highlighting the complexity of monitoring fatigue responses in team sports. This study enhances the understanding of player fatigue and underscores the practical application of force plate technology in sports science to inform individualized training and recovery strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"591-596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of In-Season Complex Contrast Training on Anaerobic Performance Metrics in Elite Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Mariola Gepfert, Artur Terbalyan, Robert Roczniok, Artur Gołaś","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005371","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Gepfert, M, Terbalyan, A, Roczniok, R, and Gołaś, A. The effects of in-season complex contrast training on anaerobic performance metrics in elite female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): e491-e499, 2026-The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-season complex contrast training (CCT) on speed, power, and anaerobic capacity metrics in elite female soccer players. Twenty-one players participated in a 3-phase study conducted across the postpreparatory period, midseason, and postseason. Testing included countermovement jump, single-leg jump, 5 and 30 m sprints, and the repeated anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Weekly complex training sessions combined resistance exercises with plyometric drills. Significant improvements were observed in anaerobic performance midseason compared with the preparatory phase (RAST 1, p = 0.0073, d [Cohen's d ES] = 0.45; 30 m sprint, p = 0.0073, d = 0.81), followed by performance declines at the end of the season. Peak RAST metrics improved significantly midseason (e.g., RAST 2, p = 0.025, d = 0.81; RAST 3, p = 0.0083, d = 0.95), but no changes were observed for concentric peak velocity ( p = 0.98) or rate of force development ( p = 0.37). The findings demonstrate that complex contrast training effectively enhances power and anaerobic performance during the midseason but may require strategic load management to mitigate late-season fatigue-related declines. A single weekly session of CCT seems sufficient to maintain, and in some instances improve, physical performance across the season. However, without a comparison group, it is unclear whether it is more or less effective than other training methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e491-e499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Heavy Resistance Exercise Protocol Increases Extracellular Heat Shock Protein Without Changes in Associated Cytokines.","authors":"Jacob S Bowie, Adam J Sterczala, William J Kraemer, Carl M Maresh, Brett Comstock, Colleen X Muñoz, Amy L McKenzie, Jeff S Volek, Elaine C Lee","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005373","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bowie, JS, Sterczala, AJ, Kraemer, WJ, Maresh, CM, Comstock, B, Muñoz, CX, McKenzie, AL, Volek, JS, and Lee, EC. Acute heavy resistance exercise protocol increases extracellular heat shock protein without changes in associated cytokines. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): 528-535, 2026-The purpose of this investigation was to characterize changes in extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) and associated cytokines (interleukin 1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin 10, interleukin 12, p70, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in response to a stressful acute heavy resistance exercise protocol (AHREP). Healthy, resistance-trained men ( n = 10, 24 ± 5 years, 176.8 ± 5.5 cm, 84.65 ± 12.78 kg, 17.6 ± 6.3% body fat, 145 ± 18 kg back squat 1 repetition maximum) completed an AHREP (6 × 10 back squat). Blood samples were collected before exercise (PRE), immediately post (IP), and at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. White blood cell (WBC) count was measured with automated hematology, cytokines were measured with flow cytometry, and eHSP70 was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, with significant main effects further examined using post hoc pairwise t -tests. Extracellular HSP70 levels increased after exercise (PRE 0.39 ± 0.24 vs. IP 0.57 ± 0.37 vs. ng·mL -1 , p < 0.05) sustained to 15 minutes postexercise (0.52 ± 0.35 ng·mL -1 , p < 0.05) before returning to baseline at 30 minutes (0.424 ± 0.315 ng·mL -1 , p > 0.05). White blood cell shifts (PRE 6 ± 2 vs. IP 11 ± 4 cells·10 3 ·μL -1 , p < 0.001) were coincident with postexercise increases in chemoattractant cytokine IL-8 (PRE 4.77 ± 2.73 vs. IP 6.38 ± 3.53%, p < 0.05). We demonstrate that a sufficiently stressful resistance training protocol can activate pathways typically associated with aerobic exercise and heat exposure. The AHREP evokes a similar cardiovascular stress to aerobic protocols, which similarly increase eHSP70.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"528-535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informing Fitness Testing Data Reporting and Visualization in Elite Soccer: A Survey Into Practitioner Preferences and Needs.","authors":"Nikolaos D Asimakidis, Marco Beato, Nimai Parmar, Anthony Weldon, Chris Bishop, Anthony N Turner","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005355","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Asimakidis, ND, Beato, M, Parmar, N, Weldon, A, Bishop, C, and Turner, AN. Informing fitness testing data reporting and visualization in elite soccer: A survey into practitioner preferences and needs. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): e520-e529, 2026-This cross-sectional survey explored elite soccer practitioners' fitness testing reporting and visualization preferences. Overall, 145 soccer practitioners completed an online survey comprising 27 questions, with 3 sections: (a) background information, (b) preferences for fitness testing report content and insights, and (c) preferences and interpretation of data visualization formats. Fixed-response questions were analyzed using frequency analysis, while thematic analysis was applied to open-ended questions to generate key themes. Subjects predominantly valued tracking changes (91%) in performance over benchmark (61%) or position-specific (58%) comparisons. Although 44.8% prioritized individual performance, 42.1% emphasized both individual and team-level insights. Concerning the presentation of data, raw scores were the preferred format (62.1%), followed by standardized (37.2%) and composite scores (23.5%), depending on the context. Subjects highly valued interactive dashboards (91%), quadrant charts (87.6%), and traffic light systems (77.2%). Bar charts (77.2%) were the preferred visual format for interplayer comparisons, valued for their clarity, and reduced cognitive load, while line charts (51.7%) were favored for tracking performance over time, due to their simplicity and user familiarity. Radar charts (59.3%) were the preferred format for comparing individual performances to the wider team, valued for their ability to provide a holistic overview of strengths and weaknesses. Uncertainty indicators were endorsed by 52.3%, primarily for enhancing data interpretation and decision making, although concerns were raised about their ease of understanding and visual clutter. Practitioners can use this study's findings to inform user-friendly reporting strategies and meet diverse audience needs. Findings should also support practitioner training and the adoption of evolving industry practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e520-e529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Physical Demands of Rondo Drills: How Different Formats Shape Acceleration and Deceleration Profiles.","authors":"Hugo Silva, Júlio Monteiro, Jorge Baptista, Marco Beato","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005379","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Silva, H, Monteiro, J, Baptista, J, and Beato, M. Unraveling the physical demands of rondo drills: How different formats shape acceleration and deceleration profiles. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): e454-e459, 2026-Accelerations and decelerations are a critical component in the assessment of training demands in soccer. The characteristics of accelerations (>3 m·s -2 ) and decelerations (<-3 m·s -2 ) were compared across 3 structured rondo drills (4 vs. 1, 4 vs. 2, 5 vs. 2) performed during 8 minutes in different training sessions. Twenty male elite soccer players (age: 27.1 ± 6.1 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 75.8 ± 7.6 kg) participated for a 10-week period using global navigation satellite systems sampling at 10 Hz. All efforts exceeding the acceleration (>3 m·s -2 ) and deceleration (<-3 m·s -2 ) thresholds were characterized by duration, magnitude, starting and ending speed, and distance covered. Linear mixed models with post hoc comparisons were used to identify differences between drills. Results showed that the frequency of actions increased with the number of players and pitch size. During the 4 vs. 1 format, players attained greater acceleration magnitudes and higher end speeds than the 4 vs. 2 ( p < 0.001) and 5 vs. 2 formats ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.009, respectively). They also accelerated for longer times and distances in 4 vs. 1 than in 4 vs. 2 formats ( p < 0.01). Conversely, fewer differences were reported in decelerations, with 4 vs. 1 format registering higher magnitudes than the other formats ( p < 0.01) and starting from higher speeds than the 4 vs. 2 format ( p = 0.010). During all formats, players started accelerations and ended decelerations from similar, near-stationary speeds (<4 km·h -1 , p < 0.05). These findings highlight that different rondo formats elicit distinct demands, particularly for accelerations. Therefore, rondos should be carefully planned according to session objectives, because their high intensity may contribute to fatigue and muscle damage, reinforcing the need for careful monitoring and integration within training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e454-e459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More Matches, Less Time: How Load Ratios Reveal Gaps Between Training and Competition in Football.","authors":"Carlos Galiano, Fabio Y Nakamura, João Ribeiro, Iván Asín-Izquierdo, Jose A Asian-Clemente","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Galiano, C, Nakamura, FY, Ribeiro, J, Asín-Izquierdo, I, and Asian-Clemente, JA. More matches, less time: How load ratios reveal gaps between training and competition in football. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): e500-e505, 2026-The aim of this study was to analyze the external load ratios of professional football players across microcycles of different lengths and to compare the distribution of external load in each of these types of microcycles. Twenty-eight professional outfield soccer players were monitored daily using GPS for 2 seasons (2022/2023 to 2023/2024). Players participated in a total of 105 matches (regular season: 68, European competition: 20, national cup: 17) throughout the 2 analyzed seasons. Total distance, high-speed running (HSR), sprinting distance, number of sprints, and the number of accelerations/decelerations >3 m·s-2 were recorded during both training sessions and matches. Microcycles of 3, 4, 5, and 6 days were analyzed. An individual training-to-match ratio was calculated for each external load measure in each microcycle. All external load ratios showed differences across microcycle lengths (p < 0.001; η2p > 0.364) with larger ratio values for longer microcycle durations. Regardless of the microcycle duration, accelerations >3 m·s-2 showed higher values than the other variables (p < 0.013; ES > 0.29), while those related to high-speed activity displayed lower values than the rest (p < 0.001; ES > 0.37). This \"overstimulation\" of accelerations >3 m·s-2 shows greater differences than the other variables as the microcycle lengthens. This insight can guide coaches in optimizing training periodization, ensuring a better balance between undervalued and overvalued variables, particularly for HSR and sprint performance in different microcycle structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"e500-e505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Daily Undulating Periodization Program on the Physical Performance of Trainee Tactical Police Officers.","authors":"Jeremy Robinson, Ben Schram, Robin Orr","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005356","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Jeremy, R, Ben, S, and Robin, O. The effect of a daily undulating periodization program on the physical performance of trainee tactical police officers. J Strength Cond Res 40(5): 622-628, 2026-Specialist tactical police officers, like Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams, require exceptional muscular strength, power, speed, and aerobic fitness. However, physical training is often constrained by demanding operational schedules and competing tactical priorities. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a daily undulating periodization (DUP) program on specialist tactical police officer trainee fitness. A within-subjects, repeated measures, cohort study was conducted with eight police officers undergoing specialist training (29.3 ± 5.5 years, 180.6 ± 6.0 cm, 85.4 ± 7.4 kg). They were assessed before and after a 12-week DUP training cycle consisting of planned varied resistance training sessions emphasizing hypertrophy, max strength, and power development, implemented across 5 days each week to optimize recovery and adaptation. Outcomes included measures of strength (e.g., deadlift, bench press, and pull-up), lower limb peak velocity and power (loaded counter movement jump [CMJ]), and anaerobic (Repeated Anaerobic Sprint Test [RAST]) and aerobic (the Maximum Aerobic Speed [MAS]) fitness. Significant improvements in strength (pull-ups and split squat, p < 0.001) and CMJ peak velocity and power output in the unloaded, 20-kg load, and 40-kg load conditions ( p = 0.005-0.04) were found. Significant improvements in the RAST for total time, average power, and maximum power ( p = 0.02) along with MAS ( p = 0.006) and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ o2 max) ( p = 0.006) were identified. A DUP program might be an effective method of enhancing the physical fitness required in specialist police officers for the performance of their occupational tasks within their workplace constraints. A DUP program may elicit positive anaerobic and aerobic fitness changes with concurrent increases in lower limb power and strength measures in police officers undergoing specialist police tactical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"622-628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}