Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Associations Between Maximum Isometric Strength and Weightlifting Performance in Youth Weightlifters.","authors":"Marcos A Soriano, Francisco J Flores, Diego A Alonso-Aubín, Carlos García-Sánchez, Julio A Ceniza-Villacastín, Ester Jiménez-Ormeño, Juan Lama-Arenales, Paul Comfort","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Soriano, MA, Flores, FJ, Alonso-Aubín, DA, García-Sánchez, C, Ceniza-Villacastín, JA, Jiménez-Ormeño, E, Lama-Arenales, J, and Comfort, P. Associations between maximum isometric strength and weightlifting performance in youth weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): 570-578, 2025-The aim of this study was to explore the differences between the isometric start position pull (ISPP) and mid-thigh pull (IMTP) peak forces in youth weightlifters and their associations with weightlifting performance. Forty-six male and female youth weightlifters (age: 15.4 ± 1.3 years, height: 1.66 ± 0.91 m, body mass: 65.7 ± 10.0 kg, weightlifting experience: 2.5 ± 1.6 years) participated. Weightlifting performance was evaluated as the sum of the heaviest snatch and clean and jerk. Isometric start position pull and IMTP kinetics were calculated using a force plate. Weightlifting performance, ISPP, and IMTP were evaluated in 3 different sessions and were calculated in absolute, relative, and allometrically scaled forms. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to analyze the differences between the ISPP and IMTP. Pearson's r correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between weightlifting performance and the ISPP and IMTP. Fisher's r-z transformation was performed to determine the differences in the magnitude of correlations between the ISPP and IMTP with weightlifting performance. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. All subjects had a significantly (p < 0.001) lower performance when performing the ISPP compared with IMTP. Significant (p < 0.001) and strong correlations were found between ISPP and IMTP with weightlifting performance (r = 0.56-0.91). Weightlifting performance was more strongly associated with ISPP than IMTP, although only significant in the relative and allometrically scaled forms (z = 2.19, p = 0.01, z = 2.34, p = 0.01, respectively). The ISPP is highly associated with weightlifting performance in youth weightlifters and should be included in talent identification and development testing batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"570-578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity of National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I Women's Soccer Regular Season Games.","authors":"Mario Norberto Sevilio De Oliveira Junior, Victor Geovani Soares de Sousa, Jefferson Fernando Coelho Rodrigues Junior, Nilo César Ramos, Jason Cholewa","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005053","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Sevilio De Oliveira Junior, MN, Soares de Sousa, VG, Coelho Rodrigues, JF, Ramos, NC, and Cholewa, J. Intensity of National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I women's soccer regular season games. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): 602-607, 2025-This study assessed the intensity of National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I women's soccer regular season games. Thirteen regular season games of one team (18 subjects) were analyzed. Data were collected on average intensity, accumulated time per heart rate (HR) zone, and HR behavior throughout each game. The HR zones adopted were as follows: Z1 = 50-59%, Z2 = 60-69%, Z3 = 70-79%, Z = 80-89%, and Z5 = 90-100% of maximum HR (HRmax). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed for comparisons between games, by time range, and by HR zone. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures compared average intensity of each game and high- and low-intensity zones between the first and second half ( p ≤ 0.05). Average intensity of games was 89.08 ± 1.42% of HRmax, with minimum values of 67.12 ± 2.71% and maximum of 97.66 ± 0.98%, corresponding to 176 ± 2.13, 132.88 ± 5.50, and 193.66 ± 1.40 b·min -1 , respectively. There was no significant difference in intensity between games ( p = 0.09). Players spent more time in high-intensity zones Z5 and Z4. The average time in Z5 was 33 minutes 03 seconds ± 2 minutes 45 seconds and in Z4 was 18 minutes 24 seconds ± 2 minutes 34 seconds ( p = 0.252). No significant differences were found in intensity comparisons between first and second half ( p = 0.32) and 15-minute periods ( p = 0.25). The intensity of games was high and constant throughout the 90 minutes in all games. Heart rate monitoring and planned substitutions during matches and training that focus on intermittent high-intensity activities and recovery, such as cold-water immersion may optimize match performance and prevent injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"602-607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Elbow Flexor Morphology, Physiology, and Performance Between Arm Wrestlers and Strength-Trained Athletes.","authors":"Francesco Coletta, Leonardo Cesanelli, Sigitas Kamandulis, Daniele Conte","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005071","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Coletta, F, Cesanelli, L, Kamandulis, S, and Conte, D. Comparative analysis of elbow flexor morphology, physiology, and performance between arm wrestlers and strength-trained athletes. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): 579-586, 2025-This study aims to compare the morphological, performance, and physiological characteristics of the elbow flexors between arm wrestlers and strength-trained athletes. Nine national and international level arm wrestlers (age = 30.5 ± 7.7 years, body mass = 89.4 ± 7.5 kg, stature = 183 ± 7.3 cm, strength training experience = 12.7 ± 8.6 years, arm wrestling training experience = 4.8 ± 2 years) and 9 strength-trained athletes (age = 28.6 ± 4.6 years, body mass = 88.2 ± 15.4 kg, stature = 179.4 ± 5.8 cm, strength training experience = 11.3 ± 8 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Arm and forearm circumferences of the dominant upper limb were measured to assess the anthropometric characteristics. Moreover, morphological evaluations of the biceps brachii muscle and distal tendon thickness were conducted using ultrasound. Peak torque (PT) and rate of force development (RFD) were assessed using 2 elbow flexion maximally voluntary isometric contraction tests (test-1: 3 × 3 seconds; test-2: 3 × 20 seconds). During test-2, biceps brachii oxygenation levels were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Arm wrestlers exhibited greater forearm hypertrophy compared with strength-trained athletes ( p = 0.005; effect size [ES] = 1.54; large), whereas no differences ( p > 0.05) were found in arm circumference and biceps brachii muscle and tendon thickness (normalized by muscle thickness). In addition, arm wrestlers showed higher PT in both tests ( p < 0.05; ES = moderate-to-large) and higher RFD only in test-1 ( p < 0.005). Finally, a greater reduction in muscle oxygenation levels ( p = 0.025; ES = 0.277; moderate) was found compared with strength-trained athletes. This study provides insights of the arm wrestlers' physiological and performance characteristics allowing coaches to design appropriate training sessions in this unique sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"579-586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 6-Week Vibration vs. Nonvibration Foam Rolling on Performance-Related Physical Fitness Parameters in Young Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Erhan Secer, Derya Ozer Kaya","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005062","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Secer, E and Kaya, DO. Effects of 6-week vibration vs. nonvibration foam rolling on performance-related physical fitness parameters in young male soccer players: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): e647-e658, 2025-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6-week vibration foam rolling (VFR) and nonvibration foam rolling (FR) on performance-related physical fitness parameters in young male soccer players. Thirty-six, volunteer, young, male soccer players (mean age: 15.55 ± 0.55 years) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: a VFR group ( n = 12), a FR group ( n = 12), and a control group (CG) ( n = 12). The players in VFR and FR groups performed VFR or FR interventions thrice per week for 6 weeks (3 × 30 seconds for each muscle or body side). Testing measures included reaction time, assessed with the reaction time measuring device; agility, assessed with the t test; sprint, assessed with the 20-m sprint test; and anaerobic power, assessed with the Wingate anaerobic power test. Dominant lower-extremity reaction time improved in the VFR group when compared with the FR group {-1.93 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.07 seconds/-0.78 seconds)} and CG [-2.05 seconds (95% CI: -3.43 seconds/-0.67 seconds)]. Agility improved in the VFR and FR groups when compared with the CG [-0.90 seconds (95% CI: -1.26 seconds/-0.53 seconds), -0.53 seconds (95% CI: -0.95 seconds/-0.11 seconds), respectively]. Sprint improved in the VFR and FR groups when compared with the CG [-0.13 seconds (95% CI: -0.18 seconds/-0.07 seconds), -0.14 seconds (95% CI: -0.21 seconds/-0.06 seconds), respectively]. In conclusion, both 6-week VFR and FR increased agility and sprint performances. Vibration foam rolling is more effective than FR for improving lower-extremity reaction time. Vibration foam rolling and FR could be relevant options for strength and conditioning coaches to improve the physical performance of soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e647-e658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamstring Muscle Stiffness During Isometric Contractions Until Task Failure in Footballers With and Without Injury History.","authors":"Antonio Martínez-Serrano, Régis Radaelli, Tomás Trindade de Freitas, Pedro Emilio Alcaraz, Sandro Remo Freitas","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005061","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Martínez-Serrano, A, Radaelli, R, Trindade de Freitas, T, Alcaraz, PE, and Freitas, SR. Hamstring muscle stiffness during isometric contractions until task failure in footballers with and without injury history. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): e659-e667, 2025-Despite various proposed prevention strategies, the incidence of hamstring injuries in modern soccer is still elevated. Recent research has focused on exploring how muscle tissue stiffness behaves under fatigue conditions as a potential risk factor. This study aimed to examine the active stiffness of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles using ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) during a knee flexors' submaximal contraction until exhaustion in highly trained national-level male footballers, comparing previously injured and noninjured limbs. A case-control study was performed including 94 highly trained male footballers. Using SWE, the passive and active stiffness of the BFlh and ST were assessed at rest and during a knee flexors' submaximal isometric contraction at 40% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) until exhaustion. Differences in stiffness patterns between previously injured and noninjured limbs were analyzed, along with passive muscle stiffness, knee flexors' MVIC, and endurance capacity. No statistically significant differences in the active stiffness of BFlh and ST between previously injured and noninjured limbs throughout the contraction task were found ( p > 0.05; 0-100% contraction time). Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in BFlh (mean difference [mean diff.] = 0.2 kPa; p > 0.05) and ST (mean diff. = 0.9 kPa; p > 0.05) passive stiffness, knee flexors' MVIC (mean diff. = -8.5 Nm; p > 0.05), or time to exhaustion (mean diff. = 6.95 seconds; p > 0.05). Load-sharing between the BFlh and ST did not change significantly throughout the contraction ( p > 0.05; 0-100% contraction time). These results suggest that players with a history of hamstring injuries may retain similar mechanical properties and coordination strategies as noninjured players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e659-e667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Rapid Weight Loss in Male and Female Wrestlers.","authors":"Andrew D Marten, Michael D Mattin, Mia V Rumps, Shreya M Saraf, Mary K Mulcahey","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Marten, AD, Mattin, MD, Rumps, MV, Saraf, SM, and Mulcahey, MK. Effects of rapid weight loss in male and female wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): e721-e729, 2025-The long-standing practice of rapid weight loss (RWL) of wrestlers and other combat athletes is known as \"cutting weight.\" This practice often consists of rapid dehydration and malnutrition to \"weigh-in\" at a lower weight class for competition. There are multiple negative nutritional and psychological implications in wrestlers because of cutting weight including significantly increased risk of athletic injury, decreased serum testosterone and increased serum cortisol, as well as an increased risk of eating disorders and hormone fluctuations in female athletes. In addition, literature suggests a decrease in athletic performance for athletes undergoing >5% RWL. The purpose of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the implications of weight cutting on athletic performance and overall well-being, and to highlight specific medical, physiological, and psychological effects in male and female wrestlers to aid healthcare workers in making recommendations regarding weight cutting practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"e721-e729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectoralis Clavicular and Sternocostal Thicknesses Increase Similarly in Response to One and Three Sets of Pec Deck Resistance Training in Untrained Young Men.","authors":"Matheus Daros Pinto, Cristiano Ughini, João Pedro Nunes, Eduardo Lusa Cadore, Ronei Silveira Pinto","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Pinto, MD, Ughini, C, Nunes, JP, Cadore, EL, and Pinto, RS. Pectoralis clavicular and sternocostal thicknesses increase similarly in response to one and three sets of pec deck resistance training in untrained young men. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): 523-530, 2025-Perceived lack of time is a commonly cited reason for not engaging in resistance training (RT). Consequently, there is interest in identifying time-efficient and minimum-effective RT doses. Although RT and rehabilitation programs typically aim for muscle-specific growth, research on the pectoralis major is notably limited despite it being a frequently targeted muscle group. Here we compare the effects of two RT volumes on regional pectoralis major hypertrophy and shoulder horizontal abduction strength using a within-subject design. Following a non-training control period, 15 untrained young men (age: 24.1 ± 3.1 years) participated in a 12-week RT program, comprised of the pec deck exercise, performed in 1 set (1S) vs. 3 sets (3S), in a linear periodization of 20 to 8 repetitions maximum to failure. B-mode ultrasound imaging was used to analyze muscle thicknesses of the pectoralis major clavicular and sternocostal portions, and maximal strength was determined by 1-repetition maximum tests on the pec deck exercise. After 12 weeks of RT, similar increases were observed between conditions for the pectoralis major clavicular (1S = 17%; 3S = 18%) and sternocostal (1S = 21%; 3S = 21%) thicknesses, and maximum strength (1S = 46%; 3S = 43%). Our results indicate no effect of RT volume (1S vs. 3S) on changes in muscle size and strength and do not support regional hypertrophy after pec deck exercise in untrained men. These results have important implications for RT prescription and rehabilitation practices for individuals who may have limited time or those undergoing brief rehabilitation sessions targeting the pectoralis musculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"523-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countermovement Jump Inefficiency Is Mostly Independent of Quadriceps Weakness in Athletes Returning to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Karl F Orishimo, Takumi Fukunaga, Ian J Kremenic, Smita Rao, Richard Magill, Wen K Ling, Malachy P McHugh, Stephen J Nicholas","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005066","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Orishimo, KF, Fukunaga, T, Kremenic, IJ, Rao, S, Magill, R, Ling, WK, McHugh, MP, and Nicholas, SJ. Countermovement jump inefficiency is mostly independent of quadriceps weakness in athletes returning to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): 562-569, 2025-After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), comparing ground reaction force (GRF) metrics during countermovement jumps (CMJs) and isokinetic quadriceps strength testing may aid in return-to-sport decision-making. The purpose of this study was to compare asymmetries in GRF metrics during bilateral and unilateral CMJs and asymmetries in quadriceps strength between patients after ACLR and healthy athletes. Twenty-two patients who had undergone ACLR and 12 healthy athletes performed isokinetic tests of quadriceps strength and maximal-effort bilateral and unilateral CMJs on force plates. Countermovement jumps force and isokinetic measurements were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Associations between asymmetries in CMJ metrics and isokinetics were assessed using correlation analysis. In the patients, significant asymmetries in knee extension strength were found (24.5% at 60 °·s -1 , 13% at 180 °·s -1 ). In addition, asymmetries were found in 4 of 6 GRF metrics during bilateral CMJs and in 10 of 15 metrics during unilateral CMJs. The control group showed no significant asymmetries in quadriceps strength or CMJ GRF metrics. Asymmetry in knee extension strength was not correlated with any bilateral CMJ asymmetries and only 2 unilateral CMJ asymmetries. Asymmetry in knee extension power was correlated with 3 bilateral CMJ asymmetries and 3 unilateral CMJ asymmetries. A comparison of GRF profiles revealed functional deficits on the involved side of the patients during both CMJs, indicating difficulty with stretch-shortening cycle function. Asymmetries were partially explained by deficits in quadriceps power but mostly independent of quadriceps weakness. Return-to-sport assessments after ACLR should include the assessment of the biomechanical efficiency of lower extremity stretch-shortening cycle function.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"562-569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychophysiologic Stress and Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Awakening Responses to Cross-Country Running Competitions in National-Level Female Athletes.","authors":"Mustafa Aydemir, Yücel Makaracı, Bahattin Avcı, Yeşim Civil Ürkmez, Harry P Cintineo","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005055","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Aydemir, M, Makaracı, Y, Avcı, B, Ürkmez, YC, and Cintineo, HP. The psychophysiologic stress and salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase awakening responses to cross-country running competitions in national-level female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): e676-e683, 2025-Cross-country running, characterized by diverse terrains and environmental conditions, primarily emphasizes individual performance, though team-oriented strategies are also used. This study aimed to examine psychophysiologic stress, anxiety, and race performance of elite female athletes during national cross-country running competitions. Twelve elite-level female cross-country runners were recruited to undergo psychophysiologic state using salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels (pre- and postrace) across 2 consecutive rounds of varying difficulty and significance (round 1 and final round). In addition, cortisol and alpha-amylase awakening responses (CAR and AAAR), and state anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-I) were assessed on both precompetition and competition days during each round. The findings revealed significant increases in precompetition day AAAR, pre- and postrace cortisol, and postrace alpha-amylase levels in the final round compared with those in round 1 ( p < 0.05). Mean race time was also faster in the final round than in round 1 ( p < 0.05). Pre- and postrace cortisol levels were correlated with race time in round 1 ( r = 0.554; r = 0.594), but not in the final round ( p > 0.05). Increased cortisol emerged as a potential indicator of race difficulty and predictors of success in cross-country running. Coaches and athletes may benefit from monitoring cortisol levels to optimize performance during competitions with fluctuating conditions. Further research using saliva analysis as a noninvasive tool for assessing psychophysiologic parameters surrounding competition is warranted in larger samples across various endurance sports, though the data presented here provide a unique view of these responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e676-e683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Both Physical and Cognitive Performance and Recovery.","authors":"Inbal Weisman, Tavor Ben-Zeev, Tal Alon, Ishay Ostfeld, Jay R Hoffman","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Weisman, I, Ben-Zeev, T, Alon, T, Ostfeld, I, and Hoffman, JR. The effects of high-intensity interval training on both physical and cognitive performance and recovery. J Strength Cond Res 39(5): 547-552, 2025-This study examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive and physical performance and recovery. Ten professional adult (7 men and 3 women) team handball players in the Israeli top league were recruited for this study. Subjects (24.5 ± 6.6 years; 179.0 ± 12.1 cm; 80.0 ± 16.5 kg) performed a total of 3 sets of three 200-m shuttle runs with 2 minutes of rest between each sprint and 5 minutes between each set. Cognitive function (Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition [SCAT 5], Stroop test), physical performance (isometric midthigh pull [IMTP], countermovement jumps [CMJ]), and reactive agility measures were assessed at baseline (PRE), immediately post (IP), 24-hour (24P), and 48-hour (48P) postexercise. Significant decreases (p's < 0.05) were observed from PRE in CMJ mean power (IP and 48H) and CMJ peak power (IP, 24P and 48P). However, no changes from PRE were noted in peak force, rate of force development, or time to peak force in the IMTP at any time point. No significant change from PRE was noted in acute or delayed memory or concentration in the SCAT 5 assessment. However, significant improvements (p's < 0.05) from PRE were noted in reaction time and speed accuracy in the Stroop test at IP, 24P, and 48P. In addition, a significant improvement in reactive agility was observed between PRE and 48H and between IP and 48H (p = 0.049 and p = 0.035, respectively). The results of this study indicate differences in recovery patterns between cognitive and dynamic physical function in elite handball players following HIIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":"39 5","pages":"547-552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}