Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Eumenorrheic Women Require at Least a 6-Hour Fasting Duration Before the Assessment of Fat Oxidation Rates During Submaximal Exercise.","authors":"Lynnsey R Bowling, Savanna N Knight, Courtney C Dillard, Hunter S Waldman","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bowling, LR, Knight, SN, Dillard, CC, and Waldman, HS. Eumenorrheic women require at least a 6-hour fasting duration before the assessment of fat oxidation rates during submaximal exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Fat oxidation (FATox) rates are commonly used to assess metabolic health, prescribe exercise, and evaluate training adaptations. However, an often-overlooked consideration influencing FATox measurements is the fasting duration before assessment. Currently, 1 study with male subjects examined fasting durations on substrate oxidation responses, but no studies have specifically addressed this variable in women. This study aimed to determine the optimal fasting duration required to accurately assessing FATox rates in women. Eleven women (age: 23 ± 3.6 years; height: 166.9 ± 5.5 cm; mass: 67.6 ± 9.2 kg; bodyfat: 29.0 ± 6.4%; V̇o2peak: 31.1 ± 4.5 ml·kg-1·minute-1) underwent 5 fasting durations (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours) after a standardized meal, before completing a graded exercise test to assess FATox rates at various intensities (rest, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75%) of max wattage (Wmax). Using the 12-h fasting duration as a baseline, exercise intensities of 25 through 45% Wmax elicited significantly lower FATox values (∼60%) for the 2- and 4-h fasting durations. Only at 6-h fasting durations and greater were significant differences in FATox values no longer observed (all p > 0.05). Future studies examining FATox rates in women should include at least a 6-h fasting duration or risk making a type II error, because the preceding meal may mask changes in FATox values during low and moderate exercise intensities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exertional Heat Strain After an Energy Drink and Caffeine-Equivalent Beverage in Wildland Firefighting Garments.","authors":"Nathan E Bartman, Jennifer L Temple, Hayden W Hess, Deanna Colburn, David Hostler","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bartman, NE, Temple, JL, Hess, HW, Colburn, D, and Hostler, D. Exertional heat strain after an energy drink and caffeine-equivalent beverage in wildland firefighting garments. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Caffeine is widely consumed for its stimulant properties and potential ergogenic benefits. Wildland firefighters consume caffeine, but caffeinated energy drinks (ED) are discouraged. The purpose of this investigation was to assess physiologic and perceptual strain walking in wildland firefighting garments after consuming an ED or another equally caffeinated beverage (CAF). Twelve subjects {age (mean [95% confidence interval]): 27 (23-32) years, height: 173 (169-177) cm, mass: 76 (70-83) kg, V̇o2max: 43 (36-50) ml·kg-1·min-1} walked on a treadmill 90 min at 40-50% V̇o2max in 30° C, 80% RH conditions after consuming ED or CAF (200 mg caffeine). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Peak core temperature (CAF: 39.1° C [38.9-39.3° C]; ED: 39.1° C [38.8-39.4° C], p = 0.94), physiologic strain index (CAF: 8.5 [7.9-9.2] score; ED: 8.5 [7.7-9.4] score, p = 0.87), and perceptual strain index (CAF: 7.9 [6.7-9.0] score; ED: 8.0 [6.8-9.1] score, p = 0.75) were not different between conditions. There were no differences in sweat rate (CAF: 18 [10-26] mL·min-1; ED: 19 [14-24] mL·min-1, p = 0.66), peak heart rate (CAF: 175 [167-184] b·min-1; ED: 177 [168-186] b·min-1, p = 0.86), perceived exertion (CAF: 8 [6-9] rating; ED: 8 [7-8] rating, p = 0.68), and fatigue (CAF: 7 [6-9] rating; ED: 7 [5-8] rating, p = 0.07). Consuming ED did not worsen physiologic or perceptual strain compared with consuming caffeine alone. For regular caffeine users, an ED may be an acceptable alternative caffeine source for wildland firefighters hiking in hot conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velocity-Based Training Effects on Functional Performance and Power Across Multiple Time Points in Parkinson Disease.","authors":"Caleb Calaway, William Milgrim, Yoonsub Kim, Bryan Mann, Kylie Martinez, Ihtsham Haq, Joseph F Signorile","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Calaway, C, Milgrim, W, Kim, Y, Mann, B, Martinez, K, Haq, I, and Signorile, JF. Velocity-based training effects on functional performance and power across multiple time points in Parkinson disease. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Velocity-based training (VBT) is a unique resistance-training method that uses changes in velocity, rather than load, to dictate progressions. Although VBT can improve performance in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), the impact of training duration on neuromuscular and functional performances has not been investigated. Leg press peak power (LP-PP) at 40-80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) was assessed after a 12-week VBT program using 10 and 30% velocity thresholds. Functional tests included the 5 time sit-to-stand (5xSTS), and 10-m walk test at maximum (10MWT-M) and habitual gait speeds (10MWT-H). For all data from 16 PD patients, repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to assess main effects and interactions at week 1 (wk 1), week 4 (wk 4), week 8 (wk 8), and week 12 (wk 12). A significant time effect was observed for LP-PP with increases from wk 1-wk 12 (Mdiff ± SE = 43.64 ± 13.15 W; p = 0.006), wk 4-wk 8 (47.00 ± 15.86 W; p = 0.012), and wk 4-wk 12 (66.92 ± 20.30 W; p = 0.006). Significant time effects were also seen for the 5xSTS and 10MWT-M with significant improvements in 5xSTS performance between wk 1-wk 8 (-0.751 ± 0.19 s; p = 0.002), wk 1-wk 12 (-1.503 ± 0.447 s; p = 0.005), and wk 4-wk 12 (-1.537 ± 0.521 s, p = 0.011), and 10MWT-M with improvements from wk 1-wk 8 (-0.262 ± 0.082 s; p = 0.007), wk 1-wk 12 (-0.421 ± 0.075; p < 0.001), wk 4-wk 8 (-0.190 ± 0.055 s; p = 0.004), wk 4-wk 12 (-0.349 ± 0.077 s; p < 0.001), and wk 8-wk 12 (-0.159 ± 0.062 s, p = 0.022). Results indicate significant improvements in functional and neuromuscular performances of PD patients require at least 8 weeks of VBT and are maintained throughout the training period.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Strength Development in Traditional Set-Repetition Configuration Versus Accentuated Eccentric Loading Training over a 4-Week Strength-Endurance Block.","authors":"Kurt W McDowell, Alex Long, Sungwon Chae, Andrew Nelson, Nicholas Goode, Ryan Lis, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Marten Baur, Marco Duca, John P Wagle, Andrew C Fry, Garheman Daniel, Michael H Stone","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>McDowell, K, Long, A, Chae, S, Nelson, A, Goode, N, Lis, R, Mizuguchi, S, Baur, M, Duca, M, Wagle, JP, Fry, AC, Daniel, G, and Stone, MH. Comparison of strength development in traditional set-rep configuration vs. accentuated eccentric loading training over a 4-week strength-endurance block. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-This study investigated the chronic effects of accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) paired with cluster sets (CS) on strength. Seventeen (11 men and 6 women) recreationally active subjects (23.18 ± 4.15 years, 1.72 ± 0.1 m, 81.29 ± 22.18 kg) were randomly assigned to AEL (n = 9) and traditional (TRAD) (n = 8) groups. During 4 weeks of training, AEL group performed 3 sets of (5 × 2) repetitions of back squat and bench press using weight releasers and CS, whereas TRAD group performed the same total sets and reps and exercises using traditional loading and set structures. Dynamic (back squat and bench press 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and isometric (midthigh pull peak force and rate of force development) strength were tested before and after training and analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance. There was a main effect of time for back squat 1RM (p = 0.008; 125.0 ± 42.4-131.0 ± 42.2 kg) and back squat + bench press 1RM (p = 0.02; 213.0 ± 74.6-220.0 ± 75.3 kg). No significant interaction effects were observed in any variables posttraining (p > 0.05). Although the isometric rate of force development decreased in both groups, TRAD showed a shaper decline than AEL after training (-20.57% [g = -0.33] vs. -0.93% [g = -0.01]). The benefit of AEL paired with CS in maximum dynamic strength may not outweigh its logistical burden. However, practitioners may consider this method in maintaining the isometric rate of force development during high-volume training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Back Squat Protocols on Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Responses.","authors":"Luís Leitão, Fernando Pareja-Blanco, Daniel Marinho, Henrique Neiva","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Leitão, L, Pareja-Blanco, F, Marinho, D, and Neiva, H. Effects of different back squat protocols on prefrontal cortex oxygenation responses. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in the execution of the various motor tasks that an athlete performs because the brain is involved in the process of starting and ending every exercise. However, the cerebral oxygenation responses to resistance exercise until muscle failure induced by distinct loads are unclear. Therefore, we examined the PFC oxygenation responses to different loads in the back squat exercise. Eighteen men (4.3 ± 1.4 years of experience, 28.1 ± 3.8 years, 74.8 ± 8.8 kg, 1.78 ± 0.05 m, 14.9 ± 3.9% body fat) performed 3 back squat protocols to task failure with distinct loading conditions: 3, 6, and 10RM. Prefrontal cortex oxygenation (oxygenated-HbO2 and deoxygenated-HHb hemoglobin; total hemoglobin-tHb; and tissue oxygenation index-TOI) was analyzed during the protocols by near-infrared spectroscopy. HbO2 and tHb increased throughout the protocols for all loading conditions (p < 0.01). The 10RM load resulted in decreases in HHb in the last repetition and lower increases in HbO2 and tHB than the other protocols (p < 0.05). By contrast, 3RM induced higher increases in HbO2 and tHb than 6RM and 10RM (p < 0.05). Although HbO2 and tHb increased until failure in all protocols, loads influence the magnitude of PFC oxygenation response. These findings support the role of higher exercise intensities in eliciting central changes in brain activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Muscular Fatigue on Hip and Torso Biomechanics in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Alexandra L Johnson, Wesley Kokott, Cody Dziuk, Janelle A Cross","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Johnson, AL, Kokott, W, Dziuk, C, and Cross, JA. Assessment of muscular fatigue on hip and torso biomechanics in adolescent baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Muscular fatigue is an injury risk indicator, and its effect on pitching biomechanics warrants investigation. This study evaluated hip and torso biomechanics to measure muscular fatigue after a limited number of pitches thrown. We hypothesized that postpitching tests would reveal reduced stride length and hip and torso strength, altering hip and torso kinematics and increasing throwing arm kinetics. Adolescent male baseball pitchers' hip and abdominal oblique strength were measured before and after a short pitching session. Pitching biomechanics were calculated from pitches within the first 5 and last 5 of a single throwing session. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and a linear regression model examined the relationships between total number of pitches and dependent variables, with significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Seventeen adolescent male baseball pitchers (age: 17.1 ± 1.0 years, height: 183.9 ± 7.1 cm, mass: 82.9 ± 10.3 kg) completed an average 35 pitches. Significant decreases were found for torso rotation angle and body separation angle at ball release, along with decreased timing of maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity. Strength measurements significantly decreased for back hip extension, lead hip extension, back hip external rotation, lead hip external rotation, and lead hip internal rotation. The linear regression model showed 3 significant observations: body separation angle at foot contact, body separation angle at ball release, and peak pelvis rotation velocity. Scatter plots demonstrated a bimodal distribution between 35 and 40 pitches, with more variability at higher pitch counts. Significant changes in pre- and postpitching tests highlight the impact of muscular fatigue, demonstrating areas for targeted strength training in adolescent baseball pitchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road to FIFA Women's World Cup: A Case Study on Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance Measures in Elite Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Santiago Zabaloy, Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña, Tomás T Freitas, Irineu Loturco","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Zabaloy, S, Villaseca-Vicuña, R, Freitas, TT, and Loturco, I. Road to FIFA Women's World Cup: A case study on changes in body composition and physical performance measures in elite female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 4-month training period on the body composition and physical performance of elite female soccer players during their preparation for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. Twenty-seven players of a women's national soccer team volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were tested at 3-time points (i.e., time-point 1, time-point 2, and time-point 3) for body composition (sum of 6 skinfolds [∑6SF] measures), maximal dynamic strength (i.e., squat 1 repetition maximum [squat 1RM]), countermovement jump (CMJ), and 10-m sprint performance. Our results demonstrated substantial improvements in body composition (i.e., reduced ∑6SF and fat mass percentage and increased muscle mass percentage [MM%]), strength (i.e., enhanced absolute and relative squat 1RM), speed and jump performance (i.e., decreased sprint times and increased CMJ height) (p < 0.001; effect size: very large) at the different time points. Post hoc analyses revealed that all measured parameters varied significantly from TP1 to TP2 and TP3 (p: 0.006 to <0.001), except for MM% and CMJ height between TP1 and TP2 (p > 0.299). In conclusion, these findings highlight the effectiveness of the 4-month training period in enhancing the overall performance of the female soccer players. Furthermore, it is plausible to suggest that the changes in anthropometric and body composition parameters were directly related to the improvements observed in physical performance measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custom Regional Segmental Lower Limb Lean Soft Tissue Analysis in Male and Female Division I Athletes.","authors":"Kelly E Joniak, Sam R Moore, Alex N Ladan, Elena I Cantu, Morgan E Britton, Abbie E Smith-Ryan","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Joniak, KE, Moore, SR, Ladan, AN, Cantu, EI, Britton, ME, and Smith-Ryan, AE. Custom regional segmental lower limb lean soft tissue analysis in male and female division I athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Asymmetries in lean soft tissue (LST) may affect athlete availability and injury risk. Segmental custom regions of interest (C-ROI) analyses may reveal LST differences that could go undetected by whole limb analysis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The purpose of the study was to describe a novel C-ROI LST segmental analysis method using DXA, and to characterize asymmetry across the sample and identify meaningful difference cut points for C-ROI segmental analyses in elite athletes. Full-body DXA testing was performed on 581 NCAA Division I athletes (46% female, mean ± SD; Age = 20.2 ± 1.4 years, weight = 83.3 ± 26.0 kg) from August 2015 to July 2023. Custom regions of interest analyses were completed for glute, thigh, and calf segments on each leg. Regional percent differences ([segment LST difference]/[total segment LST/2] × 100) were calculated and meaningful differences were established from mean and standard deviations between limbs of each segment. The C-ROI method demonstrated high inter-reliability at each segment (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.874-0.999). Average LST segmental limb differences for male athletes were (mean ± SD): glute = 1.4 ± 4.4%, thigh = 0.3 ± 2.9%, calf = 0.6 ± 4.7%; and for female athletes: glute = 2.0 ± 4.4%, thigh = 0.3 ± 4.2%, calf = 0.8 ± 4.6%. Values >2 standard deviations for male athletes (glute: 10.2%, thigh: 6.1%, calf: 9.9%) and female athletes (glute: 10.9%, thigh: 8.6%, calf: 10.0%) seemed to be clinically meaningful. Using meaningful regional difference cut points may provide staff (i.e., athletic trainers, dietitians, and strength coaches) insight into acceptable LST asymmetries to better support athlete performance and return to play.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of a 6-Week Resisted Small-Sided Games Training Program on the Power Performance of Young Soccer Players.","authors":"Branislav Majkić, Nikola Stojanović, Ana Lilić, Zoran Milanović","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Majkić, B, Stojanović, N, Lilić, A, and Milanović, Z. The effects of a 6-week resisted small-sided games training program on the power performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-Small-sided games (SSG) with additional load can improve power performance in soccer players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week resisted SSG training program on power performance in young soccer players. Twenty-two under-17 top-national youth-level soccer players (age: 16.11 ± 0.41 years; height: 176.31 ± 5.71 cm; body mass: 65.16 ± 8.1 kg) were randomly allocated to a weighted vests group (WV; n = 11), which wore weighted vests of 10% of their body mass or control group (CG; n = 11) with no additional load during sessions. Subjects performed vertical jump test, sprint running test (5, 10, and 30 m), and change of direction tests (COD) (Slalom, t test, and 4 × 5 m). The 6-week experimental program, implemented into regular sessions, included 2 additional SSGs per week and consisted of 3 sets lasting 3 minutes with 3-minute rest intervals. The players were divided into 2 teams of 5 and 2 of 6 players, each consisting of a mix of players from WV and CG, and performed SSG on the field area corresponding to 75 m2 per player. Results revealed an improvement for WV in jump height by 7.34% (ES = 1.79) and in Peak Power (PP) by 4.40%. Significant interaction effects were observed in the Slalom and 4 × 5 m tests, and there was a distinction for 5 and 30 m sprints but with no statistically significant interaction effects. It is concluded that implementing resisted SSGs during the preparatory period can enhance jump height, PP, COD, and 5 m sprint time in young soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Physiologic Responses to Repeated 3-Minute All-Out Shuttle Tests.","authors":"Benjamin J Mendelson, Kyle T Ebersole, Scott D Brau, Nathan T Ebersole","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mendelson, BJ, Ebersole, KT, Brau, SD, and Ebersole, NT. Performance and physiologic responses to repeated 3-minute all-out shuttle tests. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in performance capacity in repeated all-out efforts. Ten participants (24.00 ± 4.32 years, 79.71 ± 46.05 kg, 1.79 ± 0.102 m) completed a maximal treadmill test with direct breath-by-breath and heart rate (HR) analysis to capture maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2peak, mL·kg-1·minute-1) and HR (HRPEAK-TM, bpm). Participants also completed three 30-meter shuttle sprint 3-minutes all-out test (3 MT) bouts, from which critical velocity (CV, m·second-1), anaerobic work capacity (D', m), maximal sprint speed (SMAX, m·second-1), and the difference between SMAX and CV (SMAX-CV, m·second-1) were calculated. The 30-second end-3MT average HR (HREND-3MT, bpm), pretest blood lactate (LA-PRE, mmol·L-1), and post-test blood lactate (LA-POST, mmol·L-1) captured physiologic responses to the 3 MT session. Repeated measures ANOVAs (⍺ = 0.05) indicated that CV (F = 1.401, p = 0.270) did not significantly change across bouts, but D' (F = 7.271, p = 0.005) and SMAX (F = 7.474, p = 0.004) significantly decreased across bouts. HREND-3MT was significantly lower than HRPEAK-TM (F = 11.961, p < 0.001), and the LA-POST did not significantly change across bouts (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that V̇o2peak was significantly related to CV in bout 1 (r = 0.745, p = 0.013) and bout 3 (r = 0.746, p = 0.013). CV may be a repeatable level of performance but the ability to work more than the CV is significantly diminished in repeated all-out efforts. Further research is needed to examine methods to improve repeatability of D'.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}