Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research最新文献

{"title":"Validation of Impact Forces Estimated by Wearable Device VERT in Volleyball.","authors":"Camilla De Bleecker, Stefan Vermeulen, Tine Willems, Veerle Segers, Valentien Spanhove, Rowan Leys, Jos Vanrenterghem, Roel De Ridder","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005007","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>De Bleecker, C, Vermeulen, S, Willems, T, Segers, V, Spanhove, V, Leys, R, Vanrenterghem, J, and De Ridder, R. Validation of impact forces estimated by wearable device VERT in volleyball validation impact forces VERT. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): e458-e462, 2025-As volleyball players are exposed to high volumes of forceful jump-landing actions, the risk of injuries is increased. Wearable technology such as the VERT device offers a promising avenue for load monitoring of volleyball players, potentially allowing better control of intensity of training and matches to minimize the likelihood of injuries. Although validity of jump counts and jump height is well investigated, studies validating impact forces estimated by VERT device referenced to force plate data are scarce. The objective of this study was to validate the use of VERT for the estimation of impact forces during volleyball. Twenty-one volleyball players of different levels performed countermovement jumps (CMJ), block jumps, spike jumps, and a set with a combination of several volleyball jump-landing tasks. Impact forces estimated by VERT were compared with resultant force values measured using a force plate. A total of 221 spike jumps, 286 block jumps, and 203 CMJ were analyzed. Given the identified proportional bias and heteroscedasticity, an adapted Bland-Altman plot featuring the line of best fit and V-shaped 95% confidence intervals instead of classic limits of agreement was created. Furthermore, our results suggest a proportional bias between the 2 measurements, with the VERT sensor tending to overestimate impact forces compared with the force plate, increasingly at higher mean values. Therefore, the VERT algorithm has not been proven valid for quantifying impact forces. However, a correction factor is proposed to obtain better results for impact forces estimated by VERT, making it suitable for implementation in sport contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"e458-e462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Wearable Resistance Applied to the Throwing Arm on Performance in Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Trey D W Job, John B Cronin, Ryan Crotin, Matthew R Cross","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004991","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"340-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Polarized Training vs. Other Training Intensity Distribution Models on Physiological Variables and Endurance Performance in Different-Level Endurance Athletes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Tomás Rivera-Köfler, Adrián Varela-Sanz, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Manuel A Giráldez-García, Iker Muñoz-Pérez","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005033","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rivera-Köfler, T, Varela-Sanz, A, Padrón-Cabo, A, Giráldez-García, MA, and Muñoz-Pérez, I. Effects of polarized training vs. other training intensity distribution models on physiological variables and endurance performance in different-level endurance athletes: a scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): 373-385, 2025-This scoping review aimed to analyze the long-term effects of polarized training (POL) on key endurance physiological- and performance-related variables and to systematically compare them with other training intensity distribution (TID) models in endurance athletes of different performance levels. Four TID models were analyzed: POL, pyramidal (PYR), threshold (THR), and block (BT) training models. The literature search was performed using PubMed, SportDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies were selected if they met the following criteria: compared POL with any other TID model, included healthy endurance athletes, men, and/or women; reported enough information regarding the volume distribution in the different training intensity zones (i.e., zone 1, zone 2, and zone 3), assessed physiological (i.e., maximum/peak oxygen uptake, speed or power at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, economy of movement), and performance in competition or time-trial variables. Of the 620 studies identified, 15 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. According to scientific evidence, POL and PYR models reported greater maximum oxygen uptake enhancements. Both POL and PYR models improved the speed or power associated with the aerobic threshold. By contrast, all TID models effectively improved the speed or power associated with the anaerobic threshold. Further research is needed to establish the effects of TID models on the economy of movement. All TID models were effective in enhancing competitive endurance performance, but testing protocols were quite heterogeneous. The POL and PYR models seem to be more effective in elite and world-class athletes, whereas there were no differences between TID models in lower-level athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"373-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Responses to Flywheel-Based Inertial Training Squats With Varying Moments of Inertia.","authors":"Clara J Mitchinson, Stuart Best, John Caruso, Lance M Bollinger","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005018","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mitchinson, CJ, Best, S, Caruso, J, and Bollinger, LM. Cardiorespiratory responses to flywheel-based inertial training squats with varying moments of inertia. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): 300-306, 2025-Flywheel-based inertial training (FIT) has gained popularity as a means to enhance muscle hypertrophy. Other applications, such as aerobic exercise training, remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the cardiorespiratory responses to acute FIT with varying moments of inertia (MOIs). Overall, 20 (10 M, 10 F) healthy, physically active subjects underwent maximal graded exercise testing and completed 3 bouts of FIT exercise (1 familiarization session and 2 identical data collection sessions). Subjects completed quarter squats (60° peak knee flexion) at a pace of 50 squats·minute -1 until volitional fatigue. Flywheel-based inertial training MOI was increased by 0.005 kg·m 2 every 3 minutes until a final workload of 0.020 kg·m 2 . Heart rate and gas exchange data were collected continuously and averaged over the final 60 s of each stage. Data were analyzed by a linear mixed model. During the final testing session, there was a main effect of MOI to increase heart rate (HR), V̇ o2 , and RER. Men displayed greater oxygen consumption, but a similar %V̇ o2 peak compared with women. We noted a significant inertia × sex interaction where RER tended to be lesser in women at higher MOI. In the final stage of exercise (MOI: 0.020 kg·m 2 ), HR and V̇ o2 were approximately 75-80 and 55% of peak, respectively, and RER was approximately 0.95-1.00. FIT quarter squats elicit moderate HR and V̇ o2 responses, but near-maximal RER suggests a novel metabolic training stimulus. This exercise may supersede the lactate threshold and may not be sustainable for prolonged times. The physiological and performance effects of training in this manner are unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"300-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetry During Landing Impacts Following Jumps With Aerial Rotation in Collegiate Men's Basketball Players.","authors":"John R Harry, Sunny Park, Michael Stewart, Mia Hite, Anton Simms, Margaret Larsen, Chris Bishop","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005003","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Harry, JR, Park, S, Stewart, M, Hite, M, Simms, A, Larsen, M, and Bishop, C. Asymmetry during landing impacts following jumps with aerial rotation in collegiate men's basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 39(3): 352-359, 2025-This project explored whether (a) landing performances and (b) impact force asymmetries were different during countermovement jump (CMJ) landings with leftward versus rightward aerial rotation in 19 collegiate men's basketball players. Replicated single-subject analyses were performed to identify differences that were both statistically significant and important for each individual. Countermovement jump landing performance and loading, attenuation, and control phase durations were compared, while interlimb vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) were compared during each phase of CMJ landings with leftward and rightward rotations, respectively, using the model statistic and coefficient of variation techniques. The model statistic provided random chance probability ( α = 0.05). The coefficient of variation provided whether differences exceeded the largest amount of variation from each limb or rotation direction. The bilateral asymmetry index (BAI; difference between dominant and nondominant limbs divided by the sum of the 2 limbs) was also calculated. Statistically significant (model statistic results) and important (coefficient of variation results) differences in landing performance were detected between rotation conditions in 4 subjects. Most subjects did not display significant and important asymmetries for the changes of vertical GRF during any phase of CMJ landings with leftward or rightward rotations. Large amounts of intra-individual variation seem to be an influential factor for these results, as basketball players seem to have unrefined landing strategies that could require targeted training. Because the BAI values reached as high as ± 531% without coinciding with significant and important asymmetry, researchers and practitioners may need to reevaluate the way in which asymmetry indices are interpreted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"352-359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyographic Analysis of the Support Scale in Gymnastics and Its Related Preconditioning Strengthening Exercises.","authors":"Giuseppe Rosaci, Federico Nigro, Matteo Cortesi, Simone Ciacci, Sandro Bartolomei, Silvia Fantozzi","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rosaci, G, Nigro, F, Cortesi, M, Ciacci, S, Bartolomei, S, and Fantozzi, S. Electromyographic analysis of the planche in gymnastics and its related preconditioning strengthening exercises. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The support scale (SS) is a common upper body skill in gymnastics. Athletes typically introduce preconditioning strengthening exercises (PSEs) in their training routines to prepare this strength element. Despite the popularity of these exercises, their effectiveness in reproducing the muscle involvements of the SS is unknown. The aim of this study is to compare the muscular excitations, coactivation indices, and synergies between the SS and its related PSEs. Seven high-level ring specialist gymnasts (age: 23.9 ± 4.0 years, height: 165.9 ± 2.8 cm, body mass: 65.6 ± 3.1 kg, experience: 13.0 ± 3.0 years) performed the SS and 5 PSEs. Electromyographic activities of the pectoralis major (clavicular part), latissimus dorsi, triceps (long head), infraspinatus, trapezium (transverse), serratus anterior, biceps brachii, and anterior deltoid were recorded, and muscle synergies were studied. Large differences between the SS and its 5 PSEs were detected in the muscle activity of trapezius (F = 8.937; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.641), pectoral (F = 5.235; p = 0.002; η2 = 0.512), and biceps muscles (F = 10.359; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.674). The coactivation was different in the biceps/triceps ratio (F = 5.980; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.545) and the serratus/trapezium ratio (F = 8.043; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.617). The analysis of muscle synergies showed different simultaneous muscular activation in the PSEs compared with the SS. Thus, the results of this study provide evidence for a different use of PSEs in the training routine to improve SS performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3-Minute Work Capacity Test Predicts Simulated Firefighting Performance.","authors":"Lasse Ten Siethoff, Henrik Petré, Alexander Ovendal, Johnny Nilsson, Manne Godhe, Peter Tedeholm, Torbjörn Helge, Eva A Andersson","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000005068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000005068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>ten Siethoff, L, Petré, H, Ovendal, A, Nilsson, J, Godhe, M, Tedeholm, P, Helge, T, and Andersson, EA. A 3-minute work capacity test predicts simulated firefighting performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The study aimed to identify a small set of fitness tests that could effectively predict performance in simulated firefighting tasks. Thirty-six (25 male and 11 female) firefighters participated in the study. Strength was evaluated with grip strength, barbell bench rows, and elevated trap bar deadlifts. Work capacity was assessed using a 3-minute pyramid test, executed with and without firefighting equipment. Firefighting performance was evaluated using a simulated work task course comprising stair climbing, hose pull, victim rescue, and equipment carry. We used backward linear regressions to derive models incorporating fitness test results, demographic variables, and oxygen uptake measures as predictors. Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. The pyramid test without equipment accounted for 59% of the variance in task performance. When body mass and height were included, the model's predictive power increased to 71%. A final model, integrating the pyramid test, body mass, and absolute maximal oxygen uptake capacity (V̇o2max), explained 81% of performance variation. Our findings indicate that V̇o2max is the key factor in firefighter task performance, explaining 69% of the variance. The pyramid test, which estimates V̇o2max and predicted 59% of performance, is simple, time efficient, and can be conducted at stations to assess physical ability and work capacity. Incorporating the pyramid test into regular assessments can help firefighters focus on improving their work capacity, which is essential for achieving better performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impedance Spectroscopy Measures of Whole and Segmental Skeletal Muscle Quantity Associated With Strength and Power in Collegiate Ice Hockey Players.","authors":"Jace R Otremba, Alec J Heesch, Richard M Morgan, Mark A Poolman, Gary D Schindler, John S Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004965","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Otremba, JR, Heesch, AJ, Morgan, RM, Poolman, MA, Schindler, GD, and Fitzgerald, JS. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy measures of whole and segmental skeletal muscle quantity associated with strength and power in collegiate ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 39(2): 242-248, 2025-Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a promising monitoring tool for body water compartment assessment, particularly intracellular water (ICW), in which acute decreases are associated with increased muscle damage and reduced function, and chronic changes are associated with muscle quantity. Because little is known about the predictive utility of BIS-derived measures in athletes, this study aimed to assess the association between whole-body and segmental compartment water measured by BIS and maximal-intensity exercise performance in athletes. Twenty-five National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate hockey players completed 2 consecutive testing sessions. Body water and composition were assessed using a SOZO BIS device. Strength and explosive strength were measured on a force platform during the isometric belt squat and squat jump, respectively. Peak power was assessed using the 6-Second Test on a Wattbike. Pearson's r and partial correlation were used to assess relationships. Select body water and composition BIS variables were strong correlates of strength ( r = 0.51-0.63, p < 0.05), moderate correlates of power ( r = 0.41-0.44, p < 0.05), and lacked association with explosive strength. Segmental leg variables tended to be the strongest correlates of strength and power. Body water and traditional lean mass variables expressed similar predictive utility. Intracellular water/extracellular water lacked associated with exercise performance in bivariate and adjusted models. We provide evidence of the criterion validity of whole-body (i.e., ICW, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass [SMM]) and segmental (i.e., leg ICW, leg SMM) BIS variables, related to the quantity of SMM, to predict body-size dependent maximal-intensity exercise performance. Practitioners can use this information to determine which variables to track for performance readiness monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Boundaries of Police Physical Fitness: Normative Values of Police Physical Fitness Based on a Representative Sample of 8,000 Federal Highway Police Officers Aged 21-70 Years From Brazil.","authors":"Eduardo Frio Marins, Valdinar de Araújo Rocha Junior, Flavio Castagna de Freitas, José Rossy E Vasconcelos Júnior, Nivaldo Aparecido Minervi, J Jay Dawes, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004980","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Marins, EF, de Araújo Rocha Junior, V, Castagna de Freitas, F, Rossy e Vasconcelos Júnior, J, Aparecido Minervi, N, Dawes, JJ, and Boscolo Del Vecchio, F. Unraveling the boundaries of police physical fitness: normative values of police physical fitness based on a representative sample of 8000 federal highway police officers aged 21-70 years from Brazil. J Strength Cond Res 39(2): 260-268, 2025-To develop age- and sex-based normative tables related to physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and power) from a representative sample of the Brazilian police population. This analysis included archived data from 8,628 police officers evaluated in 4 physical fitness tests (PFTs) conducted in 2020. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a 12-minute run test, endurance by the 60-s sit-up and push-up tests, and lower-limb muscular power by standing broad jump test. Additive quantile regression was used to determine percentiles and estimate age-based charts for each test by sex. Reference values were described from these data. Significant differences between sexes for all measures of physical fitness ( p < 0.01, d = 0.14-1.68), except for upper-limb endurance, were observed ( p > 0.05, d = 0.05). There was a decline in performance in all measures of physical fitness among police officers of both sexes with advancing age categories, with younger groups performing better than older groups ( p < 0.05, d = 0.27-3.17). Age charts and curves were created using the output of quantile regression of reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness, abdominal and upper-limb endurance, and lower-limb power corresponding to the 10th, 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th, and 90th percentiles at all ages, for both sexes. Classificatory tables were presented by age and sex, with reference values for the tests using percentile values. Lower levels of physical fitness were observed with aging, and men exhibited higher overall values than women. The reference values presented can serve as a guide for interpreting the results of PFTs obtained by other police institutions and developing training programs to enhance health, fitness, and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"260-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Lower-Extremity Power Unadjusted for Body Mass Predicts Fastball Velocity in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Benjamin W King, Teresa K Snow, Mindy Millard-Stafford","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004966","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>King, BW, Snow, TK, and Millard-Stafford, M. Peak lower-extremity power unadjusted for body mass predicts fastball velocity in collegiate baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 39(2): 217-226, 2025-The relationship between lower-extremity power production and fastball velocity in collegiate pitchers remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between lower-extremity power and throwing velocity in 33 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball pitchers. Lower-extremity power was quantified using countermovement jump (CMJ) testing on force plates and the Wingate anaerobic cycling test. In-game fastball velocities were collected using TrackMan technology. Pearson correlations and linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between lower-body power and fastball velocity. The strongest predictor of peak fastball velocity was body mass ( r = 0.58, p = 0.0004), followed by lean mass ( r = 0.52, p = 0.002). Peak power (W) produced on the Wingate and CMJ tests were each statistically significant predictors of peak velocity ( r = 0.44, p = 0.011; r = 0.43, p = 0.014, respectively), but CMJ power relative to body mass ( r = 0.19), jump height ( r = 0.07), and Sparta Scores ( r = -0.06) were not ( p > 0.05). Linear regression indicated Wingate and CMJ absolute peak power tests each independently explained 19% of the variance in fastball velocity but added little to the model when combined with body mass (∼34 vs. 32% of total variance). Because total body mass and lower-body power are important predictors of pitching velocity, absolute power output is a more relevant predictor of baseball pitching velocity than lower-body power variables influenced by body mass (e.g., jump height and Sparta Score).</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":" ","pages":"217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}