St.Tikhons' University Review最新文献

{"title":"Religious education in russian schools: teacher’s opinions (based on interviews and questionnaires)","authors":"Tatiana Pronina, Darya Prytkova","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022100.117-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.117-135","url":null,"abstract":"The article publishes an analysis of opinions of teachers in the subject Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics in the secondary school in Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the necessity of empirical verifi cation of already proposed and existing worldview-related and methodological approaches in the sphere of religious education. The study included in-depth interviews with teachers, assessment of children’s knowledge, attendance of classes and workshops of teachers, interviews with teachers of further education courses, with university teachers specialising in religious studies and theology, as well as with researchers in theology. The project is region-specifi c; the article uses results of surveys and interviews carried out in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region. Several pieces of evidence ae compared with results of surveys in other Russian regions. The main fi ndings are as follows. The study refl ects the contemporary Russian teacher with typical social and demographic characteristics; the modules of the Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics are taught by primary school teachers; most of them are positive about the introduction of this school subject; according to studies in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Regions, most teachers prefer non-confessional general modules; study materials are usually evaluated positively, but it is mentioned that they may have drawbacks in terms of the contemporary means of presenting information and in terms of the perception and demands of present-day students; most teachers have attended additional courses in the subject and evaluated them as useful, but said that they still do not have enough knowledge in religious cultures; interaction with religious institutions when teching modules in specifi c religious cultures is rare, the most successful interaction of this kind is seen in confessional schools; parents can discuss and choose the module in Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics in parents’ meetings; the teachers say that in these meetings parents were off ered an opportunity to discuss and select the module of Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics, any coersion being absent, but the role of the teachers is decisive. The main conclusion is that the implementation of the Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics has gone through the formative stage and has gone over to the stage of discussing the content of the modules and accumulating the experience in teaching practices.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127176153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The struggle for the journal \"Russkoe obozrenie\" in 1892","authors":"M. Medovarov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.59-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.59-78","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the first attempt to analyze systematically the reasons, driving forces and results of the struggle for the editorial office journal in 1892. The history of the study of the problem, the achievements and mistakes of contemporaries and historians is considered. The chronology of the conflict is being reconstructed on the basis of the censorship case of Russkoe Obozrenie and the extensive correspondence of dozens of actors. The role of Konstantin Leontiev’s death in rallying his students and associates around Tertiy Filippov and at the beginning of Nikolai Boborykin’s attempts to take away Russkoe Obozrenie from Prince Dmitriy Tsertelev is demonstrated. The role of the journal’s sponsor David Morozov, chief censor Yevgeny Feoktistov and other interested persons in these events is being clarified. There are revealed the reasons for the nomination of Anatoly Alexandrov, little-known at that time, to the new editor of Russkoe Obozrenie, as well as the circle of his supporters and opponents. There are considered the reasons for the refusal to transfer the journal to him at the end of August 1892 and the permission that followed a month and a half later to approve Aleksandrov as editor and publisher. Evidence of the participation of prominent dignitaries and outstanding publicists in the struggle for Russkoe Obozrenie is being introduced into scientific circulation. The position of the Main Directorate for Press Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Office of the Moscow Governor-General, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, are analyzed. Attention is paid to the struggle of Konstantin Pobedonostsev and Tertiy Filippov for influence on the new editorial office of the journal and its political course. The adherence to Leontiev’s ideas is shown as a key factor in the formation of the circle of the young editorial board (Anatoly Alexandrov, Vasily Rozanov, Lev Tikhomirov, Rev’d. Joseph Fudel and others).","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115794624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electing and educating priests in the Church of Antioch in the second half of 4th century according to st. John Chrysostom’s \"De sacerdotio\"","authors":"A. Arko","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022100.24-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.24-44","url":null,"abstract":"The dialogue De sacerdotio is the first patristic text in which author tries to sketch the theology of the priesthood, namely as a synthesis of the ideals of strict ascetic life characteristic of monasticism and the life of the Christian community (metaphoricly – the desert and the city), personal holiness and service for the benefit of the Church, a synthesis of anthropological and ethical ideals of Hellenism and Christian faith and behaviors that follow from this. The dialoge was written by John Chrysostom during the Antiochian period of his life, the first years of his priestly ministry. First of all it emphasizes the great dignity of the sacrament of the priesthood, as well as the need to choose for this those whom God has called for priestly ministery, who are morally and intellectually prepared to respond to the specific situation of the Church and society in which the priest should serve. In the second half of the fourth century, Christianity was already the predominant religion in Antioch, although pagan elements were still present, along with Jewish and Manichean. The role of the Church in society was increasing and was becoming very important, as important tasks and responsibilities were entrusted to the Church then. However, it is clear from the words of John Chrysostom that many chose priesthood in pursuit of a career and an honorable place in society, and not as a response to the vocation of God and in a desire to operate for the benefit of the Body of Christ. Some of the worthy and experienced monks refused the priesthood in turn preferring, a quiet eremitic life. So, a correct understanding of the priesthood and preparation for such a ministry were extremely important, since the Church was facing serious challenges of mass adherence to it and therefore the question of how to prepare catechumens for Baptism and how to instruct believers, finding a special approach for everyone, as well as how to avoid scandals and derision of the Church by pagans because of unworthy priests.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127497803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the integration of the Eastern Caucasus into the Russian cultural space during the Caucasian war (with the example of the left wing of the Caucasian cordon line)","authors":"M. Gasanov, A. Gazieva","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.31-41","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the experience of the Russian Orthodox Church in the fortresses and fortifications of the Left Wing of the Caucasian Cordon Line. During the study of the available literature and sources available to us, it was revealed that the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) was based on the principles of tolerance towards local peoples and Islam. Analyzing the activities of the ROC on the cordon Line, it is worth noting that initially churches on the Line were erected as regimental ones, with military units - to maintain moral and ethical values among Orthodox soldiers. The Russian government, at the founding of the first fortresses of the Caucasian Line, saw cordon fortifications as the agony of confrontation, which, in their opinion, could only be used as a dividing line between the troops and the highlanders. At the beginning of the 19th century, the fundamental idea of Caucasian politics changed and the policy was transformed from defensive to civilian colonization of the region, where the activities of the church were presented more than just overseeing and observing the spiritual needs of military personnel on the Line. The churches, both civil and military, participated in the complex process of acculturation in the region, where, by means of their functioning, they pushed the boundaries of the idea and perception of the mountaineers about Russia, carried out missionary activities in spreading Orthodoxy on the Lines, supported the ritual and everyday life of the Orthodox population of the region - civil and military. The activities of the Russian Orthodox Church extended to the issues of the dissemination of education, which in general had a positive trend for the region. In the fortifications and fortresses of the Left Wing of the Caucasian Cordon Line, the activity of the ROC was relative, in comparison with the Right Wing of the Line. This was due to the fact that the main concentration of the Orthodox population was concentrated there.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130055079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of “hellenisation of christianity” in the german theology and russian religious thought of the late 19th — early 20th centuries: prince S. N. Trubetskoy and A. von Harnak","authors":"Konstantin M. Antonov","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022100.88-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.88-113","url":null,"abstract":"The article compares the philosophical-theological and historical-religious ideas and concepts of Prince S. N. Trubetskoi, a religious philosopher of the circle of V. S. Solovyov, a historian of philosophy and religion, and A. von Harnack, the largest representative of Protestant liberal theology of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, famous for his concept of the \"Hellenization of Christianity\". The first part of the article establishes the basis for comparing the ideas of the two authors, identifies their starting points and preconditions, and discusses their place in the history of Christian thought in the context of the idea of religious crisis and the dialectic of confessionalization and deconfessionalization. Further, on the basis of recently published \"Philosophical Correspondence\" of the Trubetskoy brothers, the question of personal acquaintance of the thinkers and its role in the reception of Harnack's ideas in Russian thought is discussed. In the third part, the author reveals the elements of the positive reception of Harnack's ideas by Trubetskoi - on the basis of the data of the same Correspondence and the article \"Ethics and dogmatics\". The article points to Trubetskoy's perception of Harnack's critique of Orthodoxy, compares their understanding of the significance of historical research for philosophical and theological work, and their interpretation of the religious ideal of the kingdom of God.Part 4 outlines the main points of Trubetskoi's polemic with the German thinker - on the basis of the data from Correspondence, his article \"Ethics and Dogmatics\", and the major historical theological work of the philosopher, \"Doctrine of the Logos in its History\". The focus is on questions of Old Church Christology and the problem of the \"Hellenization of Christianity,\" an argument related to the notion of the Jewish origin of Gnosticism. The author emphasizes the significant role of V. Solov'ev's personality and ideas in shaping Trubetskoi's attitude toward Harnack. In conclusion, general conclusions are made about the relationship between Trubetskoi's and Harnack's ideas and about the role of the reception of the German theologian's ideas in the formation of Trubetskoi's own position and the history of Russian religious thought as a whole.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133473171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V. I. Lamansky and the origins of “russian byzantism”","authors":"A. Malinov","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022100.67-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.67-87","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the attitude of the largest Russian Slavist Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky (1833-1914) to the history and cultural heritage of Byzantium. It is noted that although the term \"Byzantism\" characterises the philosophical-historical doctrine of K.N. Leontiev, a number of statements developed in K.N. Leontiev's concept were expressed earlier by V.I. Lamansky. It is suggested that Lamansky had an influence on Leontiev's views, especially on Byzantium. The development of Lamansky's views on Byzantium from his first monograph \"On the Slavs in Asia Minor, Africa and Spain\" up to his last unfinished book \"The Slavonic Hagiography of St. Cyril as a Religious Epic and a Historical Source\" is shown. The article points out the similarity between V.I. Lamansky's doctrine on the difference of ages of peoples and cultures and the organiccist conceptions of N.Y. Danilevsky and K.N. Leontiev. Lamansky's interpretation of the mutual relations between Slavs and Greeks, and the relationship between Slavs and the Eastern Roman Empire is considered. It is noted that the main influence of Byzantium was connected to the development of state conceptions of the Slavs and acceptance of Orthodoxy. The special significance of Orthodoxy lay in the recognition of the rights of national languages (divine service in native languages and the development of writing systems), which led to a better acquaintance of Orthodox peoples with Christian doctrine. V.I. Lamansky's opinion on the causes of the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire is given: oblivion of the universal meaning of Christianity, Hellenization, and spread of nationalism. V. I. Lamansky's understanding of the meaning of the empire, i.e. the united Christian kingdom which Russia is heir to, is revealed. The article concludes that Lamansky's interest in the study of Byzantium resulted from his own historiosophic doctrine of three civilizational worlds (Romano-Germanic, Greek-Slavic and Asian).","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125809684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Prophecy must resurrect in the Church”: the figure of prophet in russian thought of the late 19th — early 20th century","authors":"Vyacheslav Yachmenik, A. Makarova","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022100.45-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.45-64","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the development of ideas about the prophet in Russia in the late 19th – the early 20th century. In the European discourse the understanding of the prophet as the bearer of the personal principle in religion most fully described by M. Weber. Since in Russian religious philosophy the conceptualization of the prophetic function appears in the works of V. Solovyov, the first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the idea of a prophet in the theocratic concept of this thinker. Specific features of the system proposed by the Russian philosopher are characterized, where the prophet was considered as a link of the “triad” along with the priesthood and the kingdom. The constant characteristics of the prophet as the third principle of power in the Solovyov system are formulated. The second part of the article is devoted to the reception of Solovyov’s ideas in Russian theology and religious philosophy of the beginning of the 20th century. The discussions about the hierarchy and the intellectuals as carriers of the prophetic principle that arose at the Religious-Philosophical Meetings, and the positions on this issue of V. Ternavtsev and D. Merezhkovsky are characterized. The development of the idea of a prophet in the context of the discussion of the problem of power in the Church in the academic theology of M. Tareev, V. Troitsky, P. Florensky is traced. The interpretation of the Soloviev triad by S. Bulgakov and A. Kartashev, as well as criticism of the views of the latter by Merezhkovsky’s circle, is analyzed. It is noted that the participants in the discussions considered the prophetic principle as integrated into the church community or opposed to the church hierarchy. In conclusion, the development of the discourse about the prophet in the Russian tradition of the designated period is summed up, parallels with the search for Western explorers are noted. The article concludes that the common problem for Russian and European thinkers of the early 20th century is the distinction between priestly and prophetic principles in the religious community.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130494898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illness as a space of communication between man and God as perceived by the Old Russian scribe (11–13th cc.)","authors":"Natalia Pelezneva","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.11-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.11-30","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Old Russian literary sources of 11-13th cc., this paper examines how illness was perceived in the Middle Ages. This research concentrates on a certain perception type (“communication illness”) and describes its distinctive features. This type of sickness integrates several versions of the medieval illness etiology, including “illness as a punishment” and “illness as a trial”. The author suggests that an Old Russian scribe considered “communication illness” as a message from God. The circumstances of the illness allowed the sick person to recognize the situation of “communication” and decipher the message. Some details like visions or the absence of “sickness agents” could help to recognize this type of illness. The research distinguishes several subtypes of “communication illness”, which are called “sign illness”, “punishment illness”, “inborn illness” and “deathbed illness”. The last one could be perceived as an ascetic practice available to both clergy and laity. Scribes condemned any attempt to feign a “communication illness”, this was viewed as an act of sacrilege. The message of “communication illness” was more often positive, it was perceived as a sign of God’s favor to the sick person. Biblical quotations used in descriptions of the illness show that “communication illness” was closely related to the virtue of patience. The conclusions of this research make it possible to correct the present conception that Old Russian scribes prohibited any attempts to apply methods of classical (Hippocratic) medicine. The author believes that scribes condemned Hippocratic methods exclusively in the situations of “communication illness”, in other cases of sickness they had no objection to a classical approach to the treatment.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131038737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between the staff of the Council for the Russian Orthodox Church and the state security organs in the period of 1943–1953","authors":"G. Bartenev","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022104.108-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022104.108-121","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between employees of the state security organs (NKVD, NKGB, MGB of the USSR) with members and authorizeds of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the first ten years from the beginning of the Council's existence. The study of this problem was carried out on the basis of the archival documents of the Council for the specified period and made it possible to show the process of forming state policy in relation to the ROC, implemented through the two above-mentioned departments, as well as the difference in the approaches of these departments to church policy. Various types of interaction between employees of the two departments and the stages of development of state policy in relation to the Church in the designated period are revealed. Such periods were the initial period of the Council's work until the Local Council of 1945, when the church policy of the state, carried out through the Council, was perceived as a temporary phenomenon, and there was a division of spheres of influence between the Council and the state security organs in the church issue. The next period ended with a change in the leadership of the MGB in 1946 and was characterized by the implementation of the planned church policy of the state through the Council, whose head G.G. Karpov was formally subordinate to the head of the MGB V.N. Merkulov. After the appointment to the post of Minister V.S. Abakumov and the dismissal of Karpov from the MGB in 1947, the stage of the formation of a new, tougher line in the policy of the state towards the Church began, in which the state security organs played the main role. The events of the \"Saratov baptistery\" at the beginning of 1949 became an obvious moment of the change in state policy on the church issue. From that moment on, the fourth stage of the tightening of state policy towards the Church began, which continued, despite the arrest of Abakumov and the death of Stalin, until the end of the period under review.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the sees of Rome, Thessalonica and Constantinople in the context of the development of synodal institutions in the first half of the 5th century","authors":"G. Zakharov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022104.27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022104.27-37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to the problem of the development of the church organization of the super-provincial level in the Balkan region and to the influence of the Roman and Constantinople Sees on this process. According to the author, the law of emperor Theodosius II, concerning church affairs in Illyricum (421), did not imply the liquidation of the vicariate of Thessalonica created by the Roman see and the transfer of this region to the jurisdiction of Constantinople. It was about endowing the Constantinopolitan see with the function of an alternative judicial instance (along with the see of Thessalonica), which was justified by the status of Constantinople as the New Rome. The protest of Pope Boniface I and the western emperor Honorius against this decision, apparently, led to the fact that the status quo remained in Illyricum. Nevertheless, this law was included in the Code of Theodosius. It is also possible that, along with the diocese of the Orient, Illyricum was meant as the sphere of implementation of the 9th and 17th canons of the Council of Chalcedon (451), which prescribe, in the case of litigation with the participation of the metropolitan, to apply for a trial to the exarch of the diocese or to the Constantinopolitan see. This rule, apparently, was associated with the existence in Constantinople of a \"permanent synod\", the organization of which did not require significant costs and efforts, in contrast to the synods of dioceses.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126750888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}