St.Tikhons' University Review最新文献

{"title":"Ideas about the criteria of the Ecumenical Council in Byzantium in the 1st half of the 15th century and the concept of the Pentarchy","authors":"P. Pashkov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022106.25-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022106.25-43","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the views of Byzantine theologians and church leaders of the 1st half of the 15th century on the criteria for an Ecumenical Council in connection with the controversy about the Union of Florence. The consideration also includes the ecclesiological tradition of the previous century, reflected in the documents of negotiations with Rome on church union and anti-Latin writings of Archbishop Nilus Cabasilas. It also briefly examines the results of Byzantine theological development, formulated in the first decades of Ottoman rule. The author shows that Orthodox theologians of the late Byzantine period, following a tradition dating back to the 1st millennium, did indeed recognize (contrary to popular beliefs) the existence of strict formal canonical criteria for the Ecumenical Council, which were defined in their eyes by the concept of the «Pentarchy» of the ancient Patriarchs: Council could be considered Ecumenical if it was recepted by representatives of the Churches of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. At the same time, other local Churches were assigned a secondary role. The significance of individual bishops was completely leveled out; the subject of church activity was the Patriarchy. This system of ecclesiological concepts by the 15th century already to some extent did not meet the requirements of reality; nevertheless, thanks to its collegial character, it gave the Orthodox Church the means to overcome the crisis caused by the Union of Florence. The rejection of those teachings of the Roman Church, in which it deviated from Orthodox dogma, on the part of the patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, their rejection of the union (confirmed, among other things, conciliarly in Jerusalem in 1443) and the support of its opponents in the Patriarchate of Constantinople played in this process defining role. Due to this, the Council of Ferrara-Florence could not be considered Ecumenical from the point of view of the Byzantine tradition. At the same time, the development of ecclesiological thought in the 15th century. strengthened Orthodox theologians in the conviction that an Ecumenical Council was possible without the participation of Rome. The «Pentarchy» thus passed into the «Tetrarchy».","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The ways of soul, mind and heart to God — no one can intercept them...”: Letters of hegumen Amfilokhiy of Konev to prince A. V. Obolensky, 1926–1934","authors":"T. Shevchenko","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022106.132-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022106.132-166","url":null,"abstract":"The publication covers 21 letters by the father-superior of the Konevsky Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery in Finland, hegumen Amphilochius (Kulakov) to the emigrant of the first wave, Prince Alexei Vasilyevich Obolensky in the period 1926-1934. The letters were kept in the archive of the New-Valamo Monastery in Finland and are published for the first time. The first of the submitted letters was written by hegumen Amphilochius on June 23, 1926, the last - on January 27, 1934. Until 1939, the hegumen still congratulated the Obolenskys on Christmas and Easter. The correspondence began when the hegumen was 51 years old, for eight years he wrote about 2-3 letters annually, and after 1934 he sent brief congratulations on church celebrations. Father Amphilochius took monastic vows in the Valaam Monastery in 1908, and in 1920 was moved to the Konevsky Monastery. He became one of the brightest representatives of the old-style movement. It arose after the Finnish Orthodox Church introduced the Gregorian calendar (1921) and the \"new\" Paschal in 1925. A Church court condemned him and removed from the abbacy for refusing to accept the reform. Nevertheless, the former father-superior remained to live in the monastery, performed general monastic work and prayed in a cell. His correspondence with Obolensky was mainly of a spiritual upbringing nature, however, some references concerned to the church life of that time. The letters are also interesting because of revealing of the inner world and views of one of the \"leaders\" of the old-style movement in Finland, they show him as a deeply spiritual person devoted to monastic traditions.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125028784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The way God expects the Church to go in the third millennium”. Synodality in the Catholic Church today: theological aspects and challenges","authors":"Alexey Maksimov","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022101.26-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022101.26-41","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon in theology and ecclesiology of the modern Catholic Church as synodality. In October 2021, the first phase of the XVI General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops of the Catholic Church dedicated to this topic was opened. The neologism “synodality” has been updated in Catholic theology since the pontificate of Pope Francis. Synodality is becoming one of the priority terms not only of the papal Magisterium, but also of that extensive theological reflection, which is trying not only to provide a fairly stable place for the new concept in modern Catholic ecclesiology, but also to find an adequate and relevant definition and argumentation for it. This is not about the accidental characteristics of synodal ecclesiology, but about attempts to develop an authentic theology of synodality, which, in its intuitions, seeks to embrace such a well-known and popular ecclesiological category of the Orthodox East as «sobornost’». Synodality, as the author tries to illustrate, goes far beyond hierarchical structures, representing in fact a special manner of existence and response (modus vivendi et operandi) of the Church as the People of God, a kind of her entelechy, rather than a purely operational method. Encompassing the entire spectrum of the relationship between the social and mystical dimensions of the Church, its institutional and charismatic character, its being ad intra and its missionary outcome ad extra, modern Catholic ecclesiology strives to give the theme of synodality not a functional character, but a priority, essential dimension of the Church and her mission in this the world.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128470526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modernising church law-making of St. emperor Justinian, with the regulation of provincial councils as an example","authors":"D. Pashkov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022106.11-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022106.11-24","url":null,"abstract":"The Church Councils of the ante-Nicene period had neither a clear periodicity nor a strictly defined competence. Their competence was very broad, almost limitless: questions of faith, discipline, the calendar, the practice of the Sacraments. These local councils of the ante-Nicene era were replaced, from the fourth century, by provincial councils.In 325 a number of rules for provincial councils were approved in Nicaea: they had to be convened twice a year, consist of bishops of one particular province, take place in a provincial civil centre (metropolis) and their competence was limited to second-instance judicial proceedings. Further church legislation did not extend this competence, although in fact the councils dealt not only with judicial, but also with doctrinal problems. The biannual councils as prescribed by Nicaea canons becomes burdensome because of the large size of some provinces and some other reasons. The novels of Justinian I for the first time clearly defined the competence of a \"provincial\" council. The emperor included not only judicial, but also canonical and doctrinal topics in the competence of the provincial councils, while establishing a regularity of holding them \"once a year\". The modernizing legislative activity of St. Emperor Justinian proved useful and was recognized by the church hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130872145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bishop Jeremiah (Soloviev) as a compiler of akathists","authors":"M. Sidneva","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.42-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.42-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the Russian bishop of the XIX century, Bishop Jeremiah (Soloviev) (1799-1884) as the compiler of akathists, who wrote an akathist to the Monks Anthony and Theodosius and other Kiev Pechersk wonder-workers in the 60-70s of the XIX century, as well as an akathist to the Guardian Angel. These texts preserved in several manuscripts were never published and did not become the subject of special scientific study. The author attempts to look at the social aspect of the phenomenon of the Orthodox Russian akathist of the 18th and early 20th centuries using the example of the life of one of the authors of the akathists. The research is aimed at elucidating the motives behind the writing of akathists, at finding the place of Bishop Jeremiah among other akathistographers, studying akathists in the context of the entire literary work of the spiritual writer and tracing the functioning of his texts. On the basis of archival materials, the facts of the life of Bishop Jeremiah, which influenced his akathist work, connections and relations with other representatives of the circle of compilers of akathists, are reconstructed, and hymns belonging to him are analysed. The akathist work of Bishop Jeremiah is a vivid example of the hymnography of the \"Learned Monasticism\", in which more and more often a place was given to akathist writing in the Modern Times. The exclusive motivation for compiling akathists for Jeremiah was personal piety and veneration of individual saints, like most of Jeremiah's prayers, they were intended for personal use and a narrow circle of close people, but not for general church use. The stories about the traditions of composing and using akathists testify to the development of akathist culture in the Russian Church during the Synodal era.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"568 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133049980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the conservative opinions of the church in Orel diocese as to the freedom of conscience after the Missionary congress of 1901","authors":"Timofey Balyko","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.79-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.79-96","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the topic of freedom of conscience, which by the beginning of the twentieth century had become one of the main topics in Russian church and public thought. The relevant discussion was largely initiated by a speech in September 1901 at the Missionary Congress in Orel by the leader of the nobility of the Orel province, M. A. Stakhovich, who proposed introducing freedom of conscience in Russia and abolishing criminal penalties for falling away from the Orthodox Church. This event has been repeatedly considered in the context of the all-Russian controversy that has arisen, but the consequences of Stakhovich's speech in the Oryol diocese itself have not been subjected to scientific study before. The author of the article managed to establish the fact of the activation of conservative church thought in the Oryol diocese at the end of 1901 and the clear formulation of the positions of the Oryol conservatives on the introduction of freedom of conscience and other liberal freedoms, which were a threat to the existence of the church-state union and the Russian Orthodox state. Special attention in the study is paid to attempts to blur the boundaries of the Church in the Orel diocese, to include \"random persons\" acting on a political order in church life. It also drew criticism from conservatives. After 1901, the manifestation of church conservative thought in the Orel diocese on these issues can be traced in a number of journalistic materials. This concerns, first of all, the period of the revolutionary years 1905-1907. and 1917, which indicates a certain stability of church conservative ideas in the Oryol diocese, the presence of these ideas of groups of supporters who became active at crucial moments in history.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128204145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nikolai Tsikura, the first new martyr of Omsk: an investigation of the murder of the member of the church at the beginning of the Civil war in Russia","authors":"A. Sushko","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.111-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.111-123","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the events in Omsk on February 15-22, 1918, when an attempt by the regional Soviet authorities to implement the \"Decree on the separation of church from state and school from church\" led to riots in, Soviet historiography called the \"priest's rebellion\". In the course of these events, the novice and housekeeper of the bishop's house, Nikolai Tsikura, was killed and later canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. The aim of the work is to analyze the circumstances of the death of Nikolai Tsikura in the context of the events of the Civil War that broke out in Russia. Along with published reports in periodicals and published and unpublished memoirs, one of the key evidence of the topic under consideration is the act record of the death of Nikolai Tsikura, stored in the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region. The article introduces into scientific circulation a brief description of the personality of Nikolai Tsikura, given to him in connection with the events of the “priest’s rebellion” in the memoirs of Omskovite M.A. Stolpovsky, who personally knew him. After analyzing two points of view on the cause of the murder of Nikolai Tsikura (he defended the bishop during the arrest or was killed for no apparent reason), the author notes the absence of a source that allows to unambiguously answer that question. When analyzing the circumstances of the death of Nikolai Tsikura, special attention is paid to the fact that the bells rang by killed priest triggered the mass unrest in Omsk, brought the people out into the streets who defended Bishop Sylvester and other arrested priests from possible reprisals and postponed for a month the implementation in Omsk of the “Decree on the separation of church from state and school from church.” It is emphasized that the canonization of Nikolai Tsikura in In 2000, continued the church tradition of venerating him as a holy new martyr started in 1918 at the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126439674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Messianic fragments of the Book Amos LXX in their eschatological context","authors":"Il'ia Veviurko","doi":"10.15382/sturi2022100.9-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022100.9-23","url":null,"abstract":"In the book of the prophet Amos of the Septuagint there are two explicitly Messianic fragments, the first of which mentions the «anointed one» (Am 4:13), and the second «tabernacle of David» along with eschatological events associated with it (Am 9:11-12). However, other ancient versions of the Bible do not support the Septuagint (except for those dependent on it), which leads many researchers to look at the old Greek reading in Am 4:13 as a simple mistake of the translator or his misinterpretation of the original meaning of the text. At the same time, it cannot be said that in terms of interpretation, Masoretic reading provides more for understanding the book as a whole than that presented in the Septuagint. On the contrary, the use of structural analysis, which allows us to explore Am 4:13 by LXX in the context of parallel places within the book and its general eschatological storyline, creates a more coherent and clear picture associated with the archetypical confrontation of the «house of Jeroboam» and the «house of David» as embodiments of the sinful and righteous sides of Israel. The revelation of the «anointed one» in this regard turns out to be what heralds the end of the «house of Jeroboam» and opens up the prospect of judgment on Israel, but also its salvation in an eschatological perspective. The article consists of four main parts. The first of them examines the features of the Book of the Prophet Amos according to the Septuagint version as a translation, which allow us to draw preliminary conclusions about what may be the probable causes of discrepancies between the Hebrew and Greek texts. In the second part, the two Messianic fragments are analyzed mainly by their lexical composition, an analysis of specific discrepancies is carried out and ways of their interpretation are outlined. The third part is devoted to the explication of the eschatological line of the book. The fourth part establishes the place of the Messianic fragments and the parallel fragment Am 7:1-9 in the context of the eschatological content of this prophetic book as a whole.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130728624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Soviet-American Negotiations on the Change in Soviet Religious Policy (1985-1989): The Historical and Political Contexts of Gorbachev's Visit to the Vatican","authors":"B. Filippov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.124-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.124-153","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with a radical change in the religious politics of the Soviet government between 1987 and 1988. Then, the celebration of the 1000th Anniversary of the Christianization of Rus’ became not only a Church issue but also an event of great political significance. Additionally, the official visit of Mikhail Gorbachev to the Vatican was designed in this period. The author argues that the communication problems which Gorbachev faced during his negotiations with Ronald Reagan in Geneva, Reykjav?k, and Moscow were the reason for this change. Since the anti-religious policy of the Soviet Union was one of the main obstacles to rapprochement between Reagan’s administration and the Soviet government, Gorbachev and his advisers decided to revise their approach to the Church issues. The author also assumes that Pope John Paul II unofficially played an important role in the negotiations between the US diplomats and the Soviet government. According to the article, the “Holy Alliance” between Reagan and Pope John Paul II had a significant impact on this negotiation process. Gorbachev’s visit to the Vatican was, in the author’s view, a link in the chain of events which led to the changes of Soviet religious politics. The legalization of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church was, according to the author, a price to pay for the normalization of the relationships both with the Vatican and with the USA. Based on recently published and unpublished sources, the author describes this process in a broad historical context and analyze the attitude of both the Russian Orthodox Church and the Holy See towards the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, religious freedom, and the role of religion in the public sphere.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deanery council in the Russian Orthodox Church at the beginning of the 20th century (materials from Yaroslavl diocese)","authors":"D. Leonov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2022105.97-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022105.97-110","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to study of deanery councils in Yaroslavl diocese of Russian Orthodox Church at the beginning of XX-th century. The author reveales the date of establishment of deanery councils (October 19, 1903) and analyzes the \"Rules for Deanery Councils in the Yaroslavl Diocese\". Special attention is paid to the changes of the regulatory framework of Deanery Councils and Deanery meetings during the period since 1903 to 1916. The article also explores the main directions of activity of Deanery Councils. The Deanery Council was a church governing body created to help the Dean. As a rule, the council consisted of a dean appointed by the diocesan leadership, and two members. The members of the council were elected at deanery meetings. On the scale of the entire Russian Church, Deanery Councils were established by the Local Council of 1917-1918, but in a number of dioceses they were created earlier. The clerical documents of the deanery councils of the Yaroslavl diocese have not been introduced into scientific circulation. Together with the reports of the deans, the journals of the meetings of the Yaroslavl general diocesan congresses of the clergy, materials from periodicals, these documents allow us to characterize the deanery councils as self-governing bodies of the clergy, which played a prominent role in the system of administration of the diocese. At their core, the Deanery Councils were the magistrates' courts for the clergy. They dealt with minor disciplinary offenses of clergy members, as well as civil disputes. The surviving documents make it possible to compose a picture of the most frequent offenses and disputes in the church environment. The documents also allow making a conclusion about dificult relationship between priests and the lower clergy - psalmists and deacons. In 1903-1916 the role of the lower clergy was increased in the activities of deanery councils and meetings. Since 1910 the psalmists and deacons had the voting right at deanery meetings. Archbishop Tikhon (Belavin) agreed at 1912 with the decision of the general diocesan congress of clergy: deacons and psalmists were included to the deanery councils.","PeriodicalId":170812,"journal":{"name":"St.Tikhons' University Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133400610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}