{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonists: Potential Therapeutics for Neuropathology Associated with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Paul D Drew, Cynthia J M Kane","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000469","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) result from fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. These disorders present a variety of sequelae including involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) with lasting impact on cognitive function and behavior. FASD occur at an alarming rate and have significant personal and societal impact. There are currently no effective treatments for FASD. Recent studies demonstrate that ethanol induces potent neuroinflammation in many regions of the developing brain. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory agents such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists suppress ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may be effective in treatment of FASD. Future studies designed to determine the specific mechanisms by which alcohol induces neuroinflammation in the developing CNS may lead to targeted therapies for FASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semiconductors","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5305275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82527876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of pathways for signal transducers and activators of transcription, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipocyte differentiation.","authors":"J Aubert, N Belmonte, C Dani","doi":"10.1007/s000180050450","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s000180050450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade play a major role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. This review concentrates on the role played by these pathways in the development of adipose cells. STATs are activated by both positive and negative modulators of adipocyte differentiation leading to the hypothesis that the STAT pathway may function in adipogenesis. The role of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway in adipocyte differentiation has recently been the subject of contradictory reports. Several molecular mechanisms are proposed to explain the opposing effects of MAPK activation in the programme of adipose cell differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semiconductors","volume":"37 1","pages":"538-42"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82540911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}