Journal of psychoactive drugs最新文献

{"title":"Lived Experiences of Nonmedical Use of Tramadol Among Urban Slum-Dwelling Youth in Ghana: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Solomon Osei-Tutu, Obed Jones Owusu-Sarpong, Felix Asante, Lawrencia Pokuah Siaw, Razak M Gyasi","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2465805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2465805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The world is witnessing a pharmaceutical opioid crisis, and in Africa's version, the nonmedical use of Tramadol is prevalent in vulnerable populations. However, data on the factors promoting nonmedical use of Tramadol in slums is generally lacking. The study explored the factors that promote the nonmedical use of Tramadol among urban slum-dwelling youth in the Asokore Mampong Municipality, Ghana. This qualitative study recruited 20 nonmedical Tramadol users from Asawase and Aboabo in the Asokore Mampong Municipality as participants. Data were gathered through face-to-face, in-depth interviews via the snowball sampling technique. Data were analyzed using themes and direct quotations. The study observed that Tramadol was used in quantities exceeding what is medically acceptable many times daily and in combination with other substances with psychoactive properties. Tramadol use was informed by its efficacy in providing physical (reducing tiredness, pain relief, and sexual enhancement) and psychological (mood enhancement) benefits. Easy accessibility and affordability of Tramadol, coupled with lax measures in checking substance use, contribute to its nonmedical use with other substances. The extent of abuse of Tramadol in the study setting needs urgent attention. Educational programs on substance use, counseling interventions, and effective drug monitoring and surveillance are required to curb the menace.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"571-580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics for Treating Anosmia: An Investigation of Online Accounts.","authors":"Alexsandra Kovacevich, Ian Dorney, Lukas Bobak, David C Kaelber, Brian S Barnett","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2474239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2474239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has become increasingly prevalent since the COVID-19 pandemic, yet effective treatments remain limited. In recent years, anecdotal reports have emerged on the potential benefits of serotonergic psychedelics (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, etc.) in improving OD. To date, only one case series in the medical literature has documented this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics on OD by conducting a thematic analysis of online posts from people with self-reported OD discussing whether psychedelic use affected their OD. We analyzed 125 online posts, extracting key demographic data, anosmia cause, psychedelic type, psychedelic dosage, and reported impact on olfactory function. 108 posts (86.4%) reported improvements in smell following psychedelic use. Among those reporting improvement, 55 (50.1%) first noticed smell enhancement during their psychedelic experience, and 42 (38.8%) reported olfactory improvements persisting at least one day post-psychedelic use. No statistical relationship was identified between duration of benefit and dose for either psilocybin or LSD. These exploratory findings highlight the need for further research to determine whether serotonergic psychedelics could serve as a viable clinical treatment for OD or facilitate the development of new therapies, if the mechanisms behind these reported improvements can be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"464-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychedelic Use and Behavioral Addictions.","authors":"Trey Brasher, David Rosen, Marcello Spinella","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2474244","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2474244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent clinical trials on classic psychedelics for depression and anxiety have raised questions about their potential to treat other psychiatric conditions. Evidence from pre-clinical and clinical research suggests psychedelics may help with substance use disorders, with ongoing registered trials. Behavioral addictions, sharing features with substance addictions, may also respond to psychedelic treatment. This study examined self-reported symptoms of problem gambling, sexual addiction, compulsive buying, and eating disorders in a community sample (<i>N</i> = 1107), alongside measures of well-being (self-transcendence, personal growth, depression/anxiety, etc.), and use of psychedelics and other psychoactive drugs. Significant positive correlations emerged among well-being measures and among behavioral addiction symptoms, with inverse correlations between well-being and behavioral addictions. Psychedelic users reported greater well-being and lower behavioral addiction symptoms, even after controlling for demographics and other drug use. Principal components analysis showed that behavioral addictions formed a single factor, which was combined into a composite score. Multiple regression analyses revealed that major stimulant, alcohol, and nicotine vaping use predicted higher behavioral addiction scores, while psychedelic use uniquely predicted lower scores. These findings suggest psychedelics may aid in treating behavioral addictions. A controlled pilot study or clinical trial is warranted to explore this therapeutic potential further.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"389-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combat Veterans' Experiences of Moral Injury, Cannabis Use Disorder and the Process of Meaning-Making: A Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Adi Loewenstein, Ariel Asper, Daniel Feingold","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2479100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2479100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combat veterans are highly inclined to develop substance use disorders, including Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), with emerging evidence suggesting that combat related Potentially Morally Injurious Events (PMIEs) may increase proneness to CUD. To explore the moderating role of time since release from military duty, mixed methodology was applied. In a quantitative study, 322 Israeli cannabis-using male combat veterans filled out validated self-report questionnaires assessing PMIEs, CUD and time since release from military duty. Results indicate that self-inflicted transgressions and sense of betrayal were significantly associated with CUD symptoms (<i>p</i> < .01). In addition, years since release from duty moderated the association between Betrayal and CUD (b=-.039, SE = .018, <i>t</i>=-2.20, <i>p</i> = .028), so that this association was significant only among veterans released approximately two and six years prior to their participation in the study (b = .33, SE = .09, <i>t</i> = 3.71, <i>p</i> < .001; b = .25, <i>t</i> = 3.45, <i>p</i> < .001, respectively), but not among those who were released approximately 10 years ago. A subsequent qualitative study investigated narratives of 14 older veterans, indicating that the process of meaning-making to combat-related experiences is a key in the process of adaptive coping. We conclude that time since release from duty may serve as a protective factor, presumably disentangling the PMIEs-CUD association via the process of meaning making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"536-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Tobacco Use, Dependence, and Motivation to Quit Among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Alcohol and Cannabis Consumption in Catalonia (Spain).","authors":"Cristina Martinez, Judith Saura, Marta Enriquez, Ariadna Feliu, Xavier Roca, Yolanda Castellano, Carmen Cabezas, Josep Maria Suelves, Silvia Mondon, Pablo Barrio, Magali Andreu, Antonia Raich, Francina Fonseca, Laura Masferrer, Pablo Bautista, Esteve Fernandez","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2479102","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2479102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding smoking behaviors in vulnerable groups is essential for effective cessation services. This study characterizes tobacco consumption and identifies factors associated with nicotine dependence and motivation to quit among individuals entering alcohol and cannabis treatment programs. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in ten centers in Barcelona province. Participants' sociodemographics and tobacco use were assessed, including cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence (Fagerström test). Self-efficacy and motivation to quit were measured on a 0-10 Likert scale. A decision-tree analysis identified factors linked to moderate-to-high nicotine dependence (Fagerström ≥ 5) and high cessation motivation (≥7). Most participants (96.1%) use tobacco daily, with 57.0% using manufactured and 42.2% roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes. Mean cigarette consumption was 15.2/day (SD = 8.7), with nicotine dependence (4.4, SD = 2.3). Cannabis users started smoking tobacco earlier than those who used alcohol. Over the past year, two-thirds attempted quitting and 60% had high cessation motivation. Self-efficacy for quitting was moderate (mean = 5.1; SD = 3.3). RYO use, age over 45, and alcohol use were associated with moderate-to-high nicotine dependence (probabilities = 0.52, 0.62, and 0.71, respectively). Having a non-tobacco social network was linked to a high motivation to quit (probability = 0.72). Participants had moderate nicotine dependence, low self-efficacy, and high motivation to quit tobacco. Dependence was higher among RYO users, ≥45 years/old, and people with alcohol use disorder. High motivation was more frequent among those with a non-tobacco social network. Integrating cessation support into substance treatment, focusing on RYO and young users, and promoting self-efficacy and tobacco-free socialization may enhance cessation success.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"546-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i> Korth.) Use Among Poly-Drug Users in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Neshalatha Govarthnapany, Roman Gabrhelik, Darshan Singh","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2465797","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2465797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) is a medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. While studies continue to highlight kratom's utility among poly-drug users, its context of use and therapeutic relevance appears opaque. This review evaluated studies reporting the therapeutic benefits of kratom use among poly-drug users in Southeast Asia, as perceived by the users. A literature search was conducted and only articles that narrated kratom use in poly-drug users in Southeast Asia were selected. A total of nine articles were reviewed. All the surveys were designed as cross-sectional studies and most (<i>n</i> = 7/9) originated from Malaysia. There were no significant differences in the context and motives of kratom use among poly-drug users in Southeast Asia. Kratom was reportedly ingested for a variety of purposes, but largely as an affordable substitute to opiates and amphetamine-type stimulants. Poly-drug users commonly use kratom to self-manage substance use disorder or drug dependence, decrease drug intake, alleviate withdrawal, and for its rejuvenating effects. Co-consumption was not associated with health issues. While these preliminary studies provided important empirical insights, the limitations in their design, sample selection, and focus underscore the need for further studies, including clinical studies, to establish the safety and claimed therapeutic value of kratom in poly-drug users.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"421-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Intentions to Use Psilocybin for Mental Health in Relation to Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Medications, and Natural/Synthetic Options.","authors":"Brian P Meier, Courtney M Lappas, Matthew W Johnson","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2026.2727013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2026.2727013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies have examined perceptions of psilocybin for use in a mental health context. In two studies involving independent samples (total <i>N</i> = 1,102), we examined the intentions to use psilocybin in a mental health context in relation to psychotherapy, psychiatric medication, and natural versus synthetic options. We also examined potential predictors of the intentions to use psilocybin. In Study 1, we found that participants had significantly lower intentions to use psilocybin in a mental health context versus psychotherapy and traditional psychiatric medications. We also found that males reported being more open to using psilocybin as compared to females whereas females reported being more open than males to using psychotherapy. Finally, psilocybin use intentions were negatively associated with age, and positively associated with mindfulness, narcissism, and current self-reported depression. In Study 2, we found that participants had stronger intentions to use a natural version of psilocybin isolated from mushrooms as compared to an identical synthetic version or a synthetic psilocybin analog that elicits the same biological effects (i.e. the three types of psilocybin or psilocybin-like compounds currently of interest). Overall, these studies provide novel insights into the factors that might influence psilocybin use in a mental health context if FDA-approved.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes Associated with Naturalistic Ayahuasca Consumption.","authors":"B A Pagni, A Halman, J Sarris, R Chenhall, M P Bogenschutz, D Perkins","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2465800","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2465800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The durability of ayahuasca's effects on mental health and the influence of clinical diagnoses on therapeutic response is unclear. Adults with no prior exposure to ayahuasca (<i>n</i> = 66) participating in neo-shamanic ayahuasca ceremonies completed questionnaires at baseline, 7 days, and 1, 6, and 12 months. Mixed models were used to characterize temporal trajectories in mental health, alcohol and cannabis use, affect, personality, spirituality, and relationships and examine the longevity of effects in individuals with and without a depressive or anxiety disorder. After multiple comparison correction, ayahuasca use was associated with decreases in depression, anxiety, stress, negative affect, negative emotionality, acceptance of external influence, and self-alienation at all time points. Improvements in mental health, self-efficacy, and spirituality were observed up to 12 months post-ceremony. Individuals with depression and anxiety diagnoses maintained significant symptom reductions, whereas those without a diagnosis experienced short-term benefits. Decreases in alcohol and cannabis use were only observed at month 1. Naturalistic ayahuasca use was associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing, with the largest magnitude of symptom reduction observed in those diagnosed with a depressive or anxiety disorder. Differing trajectories of change were identified across psychological constructs, suggestive of both enhancement and attenuation of gains over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"441-451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions Between Depressive Symptoms, Childhood Trauma, and Drug Craving in Chinese Men with Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Network Analysis.","authors":"Deyang Li, Dongmei Wang, Yang Tian, Zhaohe Chang, Jiajing Chen, Lianglun Jia, Fabing Fu, Xiaotao Wang, Xiang-Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2474747","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2474747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug craving in methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) patients is influenced by various adverse psychological problems. This study adopted network analysis to investigate the interrelationships between psychological correlates and drug craving and identify the critical pathways between them. A total of 757 men with MAUD were recruited from a drug rehabilitation center in southwest China. They completed self-report scales to measure emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and drug craving. We conducted a network analysis to assess the interaction between psychological variables and drug craving. Network structural features included network centrality, stability, and bridge strength. Results revealed positive correlations between various psychological correlates and drug craving. Limited access to emotion regulation strategies, lack of emotional awareness, and non-acceptance of emotional responses emerged as the nodes with the highest strength centrality. A bridge function analysis identified that depressive symptoms, emotional abuse, and negative reinforcement were the main bridges connecting psychological problems and drug craving. These findings support the interaction between affective factors, childhood traumatic experiences, and drug craving. Central symptoms (e.g. limited access to emotion regulation strategies) and key bridge symptoms (e.g. depressive symptoms) may serve as potential targets for intervention for MAUD patients undergoing withdrawal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"497-507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin for Treating Neuropsychiatric Long COVID Symptoms: A Reddit Investigation.","authors":"Lukas Bobak, Ian Dorney, Alexsandra Kovacevich, Brian S Barnett","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2478097","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2025.2478097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long COVID lacks effective pharmaceutical treatment options. Psychedelic treatment for long COVID has received attention given anecdotal reports of neuropsychiatric symptom improvement. This study investigates the use of psilocybin for neuropsychiatric long COVID symptoms, examining online accounts of individuals with reported long COVID using psilocybin. We searched the Reddit communities, \"r/LongCovid,\" and \"r/covidlonghaulers\" for terms, \"psilocybin,\" \"shrooms,\" and \"magic mushrooms.\" Posts were included if they self-reported (1) neuropsychiatric symptoms of long COVID, (2) use of psilocybin, and (3) descriptions of the perceived effect or lack thereof on long COVID symptoms. Posts were manually coded to identify the nature of psilocybin ingestion, long COVID symptoms, and post's author's perceived effect on symptoms. The most common symptoms identified were fatigue (47.3%, <i>N</i> = 52), cognitive impairment (46.4%, <i>N</i> = 51), and depression (30.0%, <i>N</i> = 33). Of 110 posts meeting criteria, 78.2% (<i>N</i> = 86) reported any improvement in long COVID symptoms, while 11.8% (<i>N</i> = 13) reported worsening. For those with improvement, 77.9% (<i>N</i> = 67) reported improvement lasting beyond their acute psychedelic experience, while 5.8% (<i>N</i> = 5) reported improvement only during the experience. Given these findings, studies employing comparison social media data for other long COVID self-treatments and/or prospective observational studies of individuals self-treating neuropsychiatric long COVID symptoms with psychedelics may be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"412-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}