Journal of Pain Research最新文献

{"title":"Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Models: Current Limitations and Future Directions.","authors":"Lijun Hao","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S632056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S632056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a disabling complication of diabetes, yet pain develops only in a subset of patients with diabetic neuropathy. Current animal models can reproduce hyperglycemia and many structural, electrophysiological, and metabolic features of diabetic neuropathy, but pain-related phenotypes vary considerably across studies. This variability may arise from methodological differences in model induction, experimental conditions, and behavioral assessment, but may also reflect biologically meaningful heterogeneity analogous to the painful and painless phenotypes observed clinically. This narrative review critically examines the strengths and limitations of commonly used streptozotocin (STZ), genetic, and high-fat diet/STZ models, with particular attention to variability in pain-related phenotypes and its implications for model interpretation. Species, strain, sex, disease duration, metabolic severity, model induction, and behavioral methodology may all contribute to differences among studies. On the basis of this synthesis, we suggest that future studies distinguish methodological variability from biological heterogeneity and use more consistent reporting, longitudinal assessment, and complementary measures of neuropathy to improve interpretation and clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"632056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns Regarding Evidence for the AMPK/PGC-1α/Mfn2 Axis and Mitochondria-ER Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Myofascial Trigger Points [Letter].","authors":"Lin Chen, Xi Guo","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S659447","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S659447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"659447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Registration and Completer-Only Analysis Limit Confirmatory Claims of SRAM Superiority in Cervical Spondylosis [Letter].","authors":"Jin Yan, Panqi Yang, Boyan Su","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S651478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S651478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"651478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of the AMPK/PGC-1α/Mfn2 Axis is Associated with Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction and Ultrastructural Remodeling in a Rat Model of Myofascial Trigger Points [Letter].","authors":"Binghao Wang, Shuang Wu, Zhen Liu, Lijiang Lv, Zhizhen Lv","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S657183","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S657183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"657183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Effects of Different Electroacupuncture Frequencies in Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial\" [Letter].","authors":"Tairu Ren, Lihua Xuan","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S660813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S660813","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"660813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moxibustion Regulates the Imbalance of Cartilage Degradation and Repair in Knee Osteoarthritis Rabbits via the SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis: Is Stimulating Heat-Sensitized Acupoints More Efficacious?","authors":"Linhui Li, Rong Chen, Ying Zhang, Ling Hu, Yun Qiu, Chunchuan Yan, Leixiang Xia, Xu Zhou","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S625390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S625390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated whether moxibustion, particularly at heat-sensitized acupoints, exerts therapeutic effects on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and whether these effects are associated with the modulation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis, a key regulator of cartilage metabolism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A KOA model was induced in rabbits, which were then randomized into control (n=6), model (n=6), and moxibustion groups. Following a 14-day moxibustion intervention, the moxibustion group was further classified into heat-sensitive moxibustion (HSM, n=6) and non-heat-sensitive moxibustion (NSM, n=6) subgroups based on thermal response measured by infrared thermal imaging. Heat-sensitization was defined as a sustained distal skin temperature elevation ≥ 1°C during treatment, while non-heat-sensitive was defined as an elevation < 1°C. After a 14-day intervention, outcomes were assessed via the Lequesne MG index, histopathology, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and Micro-CT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the model group (Lequesne score: 9.667±1.633), both HSM (3.167±0.753, p<0.01) and NSM (5.000±0.894, p<0.01) significantly improved joint function. HSM significantly outperformed NSM (p<0.05). At the molecular level, HSM significantly downregulated SDF-1 (1.570±0.131 vs 1.957±0.301, p<0.05), CXCR4 (1.902±0.318 vs 2.313±0.277, p<0.05), and MMP-13 (2.166±0.312 vs 2.608±0.340, p<0.05) mRNA expression, while significantly upregulating SOX9 (0.774±0.086 vs 0.638±0.089, p<0.05) and Col2a1 (0.728±0.091 vs 0.601±0.078, p<0.05) compared to NSM. In terms of subchondral bone, although both moxibustion groups showed significant improvements over the model group (all p<0.05), no statistically significant differences were observed between HSM and NSM for BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, or Tb.Sp (all p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moxibustion ameliorates KOA, and this effect is accompanied by the suppression of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis and restoration of the balance between cartilage catabolism and anabolism. Stimulation of heat-sensitized acupoints offers superior benefits for functional recovery and molecular markers of cartilage repair compared to non-heat-sensitive acupoints, although this advantage was not observed in subchondral bone parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"625390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Biopsychosocial Model-Based Care versus Routine Physical Therapy on Clinical, Sensorimotor, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Muhammad Tariq, Faiza Sharif, Ashfaq Ahmad, Shoaib Waqas, Shahzada Iftikhar Hussain, Attia Mehboob","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S628766","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S628766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability around the world and needs a treatment plan that should include the treatment of the physical, psychological and social aspects of the condition. Routine physical therapy (RPT) primarily targets physical impairments, with comparatively limited emphasis on the psychosocial and cognitive dimensions of recovery. The proposed study examines the efficacy of biopsychosocial (BPS) based treatment on pain intensity as the primary outcome, alongside secondary clinical, sensorimotor, and psychological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study is a single-centered, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial conducted at the Physiotherapy Department, National Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, involving 80 patients. Randomization was performed using an online randomizer, with 1:1 allocation into two groups of 40 patients each. Sealed opaque numbered envelopes were used to ensure concealment. The BPS group received joint/neural mobilization, muscle performance training, pain neuroscience education, and group-based functional activities, while the RPT group received supervised exercises (stretching, motor control, strengthening) with patient education, both for 30 minutes, 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks, plus 10 minutes of heating pad and TENS. Pain intensity was measured by the short form Macgill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), Functional Disability by Oswestry disability index (ODI), Lumbar Core Muscle Control by pressure biofeedback unit (PBU), Pain Self-Efficacy by pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ), Perceived Social Support by multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and Health Related Quality of Life (SF-36) at baseline, at the fourth week, and at eight weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 8 weeks, the BPS care group showed significantly greater improvement than the RPT group across clinical (pain intensity: mean difference [MD] = -10.51; functional disability: MD = -7.08), sensorimotor (lumbar core muscle control: MD = 1.92 mmHg), and psychosocial (pain self-efficacy: MD = 9.05; perceived social support: MD = 16.22; health-related quality of life: MD = 7.07) outcomes (all p<0.001), with Group × Time interaction effect sizes (η²) ranging from 0.13 to 0.53.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The BPS-care approach resulted in greater improvements than the RPT-care among patients with CLBP in relation to pain relief, functional impairments, lumbar core muscle control, pain self-efficacy, social support perception, and health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.org using the number NCT07280806 on December 10, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"628766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myofascial Trigger Point-Augmented Acupuncture vs Conventional Acupuncture for Early- to Mid-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial [Response to Letter].","authors":"Longyao Zhang, Jiankang Xu, Lingling Jiang, Kuiliang Gao, Hongfei Xue, Yulei Li, Aifeng Liu, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S659191","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S659191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"659191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Control Study.","authors":"Chloe C Drapeau, Malaikah Ahmad, Stevie D Foglia, Jiyeon Park, Karishma R Ramdeo, Faith C Adams, Amandeep Atwal, Jinhui Ma, Eugene Maida, Harsha Shanthanna, Aimee J Nelson","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S626976","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S626976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTMS) delivers monophasic pulses that may produce more robust and longer-lasting changes in corticospinal excitability compared to conventional biphasic stimulation. This study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of cTMS in individuals with fibromyalgia (FM).</p><p><strong>Participants and methods: </strong>In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 32 participants (48.6 ± 12.3 years, 2 M) completed ten sessions of cTMS or placebo stimulation over 2 weeks, targeting primary motor cortex (M1) using a 10 Hz monophasic protocol (2004 pulses). The primary outcome was pain intensity while secondary outcomes included quality of life (PROMIS-29 v2.0), step count, FM impact, mood, and corticospinal excitability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences between cTMS or placebo stimulation were observed for pain intensity or secondary outcomes. Exploratory within-group analyses identified a ~12% reduction in pain intensity, increased physical activity, as well as improvements in anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms following cTMS. However, these within-group changes were not significantly different from those observed in the placebo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ten sessions of 10 Hz monophasic cTMS were well tolerated but did not demonstrate superiority over placebo for pain intensity or secondary outcomes in individuals with FM. The within-group improvements following cTMS support further investigation in larger and adequately powered studies to determine whether specific stimulation protocols or patient subgroups may benefit greater from monophasic stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"626976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assumptions Used in Trial Sequential Analysis of Acupuncture for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy [Letter].","authors":"Wenhui Shi","doi":"10.2147/JPR.S658234","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JPR.S658234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain Research","volume":"19 ","pages":"658234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}