Journal of Ovarian Research最新文献

{"title":"Serum LH levels before progesterone administration significantly affect pregnancy outcomes in hormone replacement therapy-frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.","authors":"Xu Han, Chang Liu, Jie Wang, Ye Zheng, Huidan Wang, Mei Sun, Xiufang Li","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01743-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01743-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In hormone replacement therapy-frozen-thawed embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycles, endogenous LH levels may still rise, and the relationship between this and pregnancy outcomes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the serum LH levels before progesterone administration in HRT-FET cycles and the live birth rate (LBR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 13 720 HRT-FET cycles were divided into four groups based on serum LH levels according to the quartiles. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses were performed based on the use of pituitary down-regulation to evaluate the independent effects of serum LH levels on pregnancy outcomes. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall, the 51-75th percentile group showed significant differences in LBR and miscarriage rate compared to the reference group (P = 0.010; P = 0.004), and the > 75th percentile group showed significant difference in biochemical pregnancy rate compared to the reference group (P = 0.022). In the non-pituitary down-regulation group, the 51-75th percentile group and the reference group exhibited significant differences in LBR and miscarriage rate (P = 0.004), and the 26-50th percentile group showed significant difference in miscarriage rate compared to the reference group (P = 0.026). In the pituitary down-regulation group, the > 75th percentile group showed significant difference in biochemical pregnancy rate compared to the reference group (P = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In HRT-FET cycles, low serum LH levels prior to progesterone administration may be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. For patients presenting with low LH levels, we may recommend deferring the FET cycle to reduce poor pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional study of laminin subunit α5 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.","authors":"Wang Tianli, Shaojing Li, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01752-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01752-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the expression of LAMA 5 (laminin subunit α5) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and its relationship with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of LAMA5 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer was explored through the ovarian cancer sample information in multiple databases and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (Real Time Quantitative PCR, RT-qPCR). Effect of LAMA5 on the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. The possible mechanism of LAMA 5 affecting the malignant process of ovarian cancer was searched by GSEA analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR verification in multiple databases, it was found that LAMA5 was highly expressed in serous ovarian cancer, which was related to clinical stage and indicated poor prognosis. High expression of LAMA 5 can promote the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Based on the GSEA analysis, it is suggested that the process of LAMA5 promoting the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer may be related to the mitotic pathway of the spindle (Mitotic Spindle) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LAMA 5 may be used as a clinical marker for evaluating the prognosis of serous ovarian cancer and a new therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and prediction models for the quantitative and qualitative reserve of the ovary using machine learning.","authors":"Hiroshi Koike, Miyuki Harada, Kaname Yoshida, Katsuhiko Noda, Chihiro Tsuchida, Toshihiro Fujiwara, Akari Kusamoto, Zixin Xu, Tsurugi Tanaka, Nanoka Sakaguchi, Chisato Kunitomi, Nozomi Takahashi, Yoko Urata, Kenbun Sone, Osamu Wada-Hiraike, Yasushi Hirota, Yutaka Osuga","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01732-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01732-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The age-related decline of fertility is caused by a reduction of the ovarian reserve, which is represented by the number and quality of oocytes in the ovaries. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered one of the most useful markers of the quantity of the ovarian reserve; however, a more accurate prediction method is required. Furthermore, there is no clinically useful tool to assess the quality of the ovarian reserve and therefore a prediction tool is required. Our aim is to produce a model for prediction of the ovarian reserve that contributes to preconception care and precision medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective analysis of 442 patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in Japan from June 2021 to January 2023. Medical records and residual serum of patients undergoing oocyte retrieval were collected. Binary classification models predicting the ovarian reserve were created using machine learning methods developed with many collected feature values. The best-performing model among 15 examined models was selected based on its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy. To maximize performance, feature values used for model creation were narrowed down and extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best-performing model to assess the quantity of the ovarian reserve was the random forest model with an AUC of 0.9101. Five features were selected to create the model and consisted of data from only medical records. The best-performing model to assess the quality of the ovarian reserve was the random forest model, which had an AUC of 0.7983 and was created with 14 features, data from medical records and residual serum analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our models are more accurate than currently popular methods for predicting the ovarian reserve. Furthermore, they can assess the ovarian reserve using only information obtained from a medical interview and single blood sampling. Enabling easy measurement of the ovarian reserve with this model would allow a greater number of women to engage in preconception care and facilitate the delivery of personalized medical treatment for patients undergoing infertility therapy.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 infection on ART outcomes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ruiqi Wang, Yaqi Lin, Lixue Chen, Tian Tian, Hongping Wu, Rui Yang, Rong Li, Ping Liu, Jie Qiao","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01749-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01749-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study examines the impact of female COVID-19 infection on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, including clinical pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates, and live birth rates, and further evaluated potential influencing factors associated with these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed 10,140 cycles (2021-2023) from 10 Beijing ART centers, comparing 4,099 cycles from COVID-19-positive women with 6,041 age-matched (1:1.5) COVID-negative controls (pre-pandemic). Outcomes included pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates, analyzed via logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, maternal COVID-19 infection showed no significant association with ART outcomes, including clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth. However, subtle differences were still observed. Among women with prior COVID-19 infection, compared to those with transfers ≥ 90 days post-infection (16.1%), miscarriage rates were significantly higher in the < 30 days (20.5%, p = 0.055) and 30-60 days (20.4%, p = 0.032) groups, whereas no increase was observed in the 60-90 days group (15.3%, p = 0.912). Additionally, advanced maternal age and elevated FSH levels (> 10 mIU/mL) were associated with diminished clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. What's more, maternal COVID-19 symptoms and medication use did not significantly affect ART treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that while maternal COVID-19 infection does not clearly affect overall ART outcomes, embryo transfer within 60 days may increase miscarriage risk. This provides useful guidance for timing treatment during COVID-19 and future public health emergencies.</p><p><strong>In brief: </strong>Our study found that while a history of the female partner's COVID-19 infection does not significantly impact ART outcomes, miscarriage rates are higher when embryo transfer occurs within 60 days post-infection. We recommend waiting at least 60 days after infection to minimize miscarriage risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12272987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous ovulation, hormonal profiles, and the impact of progesterone timing variation on outcomes in natural proliferative phase frozen embryo transfer cycles with single euploid blastocyst transfer.","authors":"Ting-Chi Huang, William Hao-Yu Lee, Mei-Zen Huang, Kuan-Hao Tsui, Chuang-Yen Huang, Gwo-Jang Wu, Mei-Jou Chen, Jehm-Hsiahn Yang, Shee-Uan Chen, Jiann-Loung Hwang, Fung-Wei Chang","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01742-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01742-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) lowers obstetric risks by preserving ovulation and corpus luteum but limits scheduling flexibility. Natural proliferative phase FET (NPP-FET) offers a scheduling-friendly alternative, assuming ovulation is maintained after flexible progesterone (P4) initiation during the follicular phase. Only three peer-reviewed studies have investigated NPP-FET protocols, yet none verified spontaneous ovulation, characterized hormonal dynamics, or evaluated whether variation in P4 initiation timing influences clinical outcomes. Preserving spontaneous ovulation is essential for NPP-FET to replicate the physiologic benefits of NC-FET; confirming its consistency is critical to validating NPP-FET as a viable protocol. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively address these gaps, providing novel evidence to support NPP-FET's clinical feasibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 196 first-time NPP-FET cycles with single euploid blastocyst transfers between January 2023 and October 2024. Dydrogesterone (40 mg/day) was initiated upon meeting the following criteria: leading follicle ≥ 14 mm, endometrial thickness ≥ 7 mm, serum estradiol > 150 pg/mL, and P4 < 1.5 ng/mL. Ultrasound and hormonal monitoring continued until ultrasound-documented ovulation (UDO), followed by three days of hormone assessments. Ovulation was confirmed by UDO and serum P4 > 3.0 ng/mL. Embryo transfer occurred on day 6 of dydrogesterone exposure. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between pregnancy outcomes and P4 timing-related variables, including follicular phase duration, estradiol and follicular diameter at P4 initiation, P4 start-to-UDO interval, UDO-to-FET interval, and serum P4 on FET day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spontaneous ovulation was confirmed in all participants. Median follicular diameter one day before UDO was 18.6 mm. UDO occurred within 1-2 days in 96.4% and 92.2% of cases based on two LH surge criteria. Peri-ovulatory hormone profiles resembled natural cycles. Clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and clinical loss rates were 66.3%, 58.7%, and 11.5%, respectively. Embryo morphology and biopsy day predicted pregnancy outcomes, while P4 timing-related variables showed no association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Flexible dydrogesterone initiation at follicular diameters ≥ 14 mm, based on predefined criteria, preserves spontaneous ovulation and natural hormonal dynamics. Pregnancy outcomes were consistent across P4 initiation timings, supporting NPP-FET as a clinically viable, physiologically grounded, and scheduling-friendly protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"circVEGFA inhibits apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells by binding to miR-21-3p and up-regulating TMX4 expression.","authors":"Xinxin Qin, Jinbi Zhang, Chao Yin, Fan Li, Wenjie Li, Xiaolong Cheng, Xing Du, Qifa Li, Zengxiang Pan","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01738-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01738-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Follicular atresia is a major determinant of ovarian failure in multiparous sows. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in the regulatory mechanisms controlling apoptosis within ovarian granulosa cells (GCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The circular structure of circVEGFA was validated by RNase R and actinomycin D treatments. The function of circVEGFA during apoptosis in GCs was investigated by si-RNA transfection. Furthermore, competitive binding of circVEGFA and TMX4 to miR-21-3p was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and co-transfection with their inhibitors or siRNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we present a novel circular RNA (circRNA), circVEGFA, which shows significantly reduced expression in atretic follicles (AFs) compared to healthy follicles (HFs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that circVEGFA increases TMX4 expression and inhibits apoptosis in GCs through competitive binding to miR-21-3p. This study contributes to the understanding of circRNA regulation after follicular atresia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of MAPK signaling pathway in ovarian folliculogenesis.","authors":"Hong Zhao, Trang Huyen Dinh, Yifu Wang, Yihua Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01737-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01737-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian folliculogenesis is a complex biological process critical for female fertility, intricately regulated by various signaling pathways, among which the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological functions of MAPK signaling in key stages of folliculogenesis, including primordial follicle formation and activation, dominant follicle selection, cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) expansion, ovulation, and luteinization. The orchestrating roles of MAPK on steroidogenesis and ovarian cell death are also delineated, highlighting its essential contributions to normal reproductive function. Furthermore, we explore the implications of dysregulated MAPK signaling in ovarian aging, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). By elucidating the multifaceted roles of MAPK signaling in ovarian biology, this review aims to enhance our understanding of folliculogenesis and its associated pathologies, paving the way for future research and therapeutic interventions targeting MAPK pathways in reproductive health. Clinical trial number Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the oncoprotein RLIP as novel therapy for ovarian cancer.","authors":"B Madhu Krishna, Pankaj Garg, Prakash Kulkarni, David Horne, Ravi Salgia, Sharad S Singhal","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01740-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01740-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BFGF mitigates CTX-induced ovarian cytotoxicity via SERPINE1/HIF-1 and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways.","authors":"Yao Li, Lin Zhang, Hongqing Lv, Chenxuan Mei, Min Hu","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01736-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01736-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage is a significant concern for female cancer patients, often resulting in infertility, hormonal imbalance, and premature ovarian failure. Cyclophosphamide (CTX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is highly effective against tumors but causes severe ovarian cytotoxicity. This study explores the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) and its underlying mechanisms in mitigating CTX-induced ovarian damage. BFGF treatment significantly enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in CTX-treated ovarian cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that BFGF activated the SERPINE1/HIF-1 signaling pathway, promoting angiogenesis, reducing apoptotic signaling, and enhancing cell cycle progression by upregulating Cyclin D1 and CDK4. Additionally, BFGF activated the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, boosting cellular defenses against oxidative stress and mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. Functional studies confirmed that the inhibition of SERPINE1 or BFGF abrogated these protective effects, underscoring the critical roles of these pathways. These findings demonstrate that BFGF protects ovarian cells from CTX-induced damage by modulating the Serpin Family E Member 1 (SERPINE1)/Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2)/Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathways, reducing apoptosis, and enhancing cell survival, providing a promising foundation for developing BFGF-based therapies to preserve ovarian function and fertility in female cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late bedtime was associated with increased androgen and reduced lean mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuqin Zhang, Min Zhang, Meili Cai, Xiaowen Shao, Diliqingna Dilimulati, Jiayi Lu, Cuiling Zhu, Haibing Chen, Changbin Li, Shen Qu, Manna Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01730-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-025-01730-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the specific effects of bedtime on androgen levels and lean muscle mass remain understudied, circadian misalignment and sleep disturbances have been well-established as risk factors for various metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between bedtime, androgen-associated traits, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-based lean mass (LM) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study recruited 899 reproductive-aged women with PCOS from the PCOS subspecialty clinic at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and finally, 636 women were included in the study. Anthropometric, metabolic, sex and reproductive hormonal characteristics, and body fat and lean composition measured by DEXA were collected. The information on bedtime was adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and bedtime was categorized into three aspects: early bedtime (≤ 23:00), intermediate bedtime (> 23:00 to 24:00), and late bedtime (> 24:00) according to the time of falling asleep.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 636 women with PCOS (mean age 27.50 ± 4.93 years; mean body mass index [BMI] 25.00 ± 5.46 kg/m²), with 24.4% having early bedtime (≤ 23:00), 36.8% intermediate bedtime (> 23:00 to 24:00), and 38.8% late bedtime (> 24:00). After adjusting for age in covariance analysis, the late bedtime group had fewer annual menstrual cycles and higher total testosterone (TT), and the intermediate bedtime group had higher anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) than the early bedtime group. Compared with the early and intermediate bedtime groups, those with late bedtime had higher androstenedione (AD) levels. After controlling possible confounding factors (age, BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, and serum uric acid), multiple liner regression analysis found that compared with early bedtime, late bedtime was independently associated with higher levels of TT and AD, meanwhile, intermediate bedtime was independently associated with higher levels of AMH. Following further adjustment for the above confounders and TT, late bedtime was independently correlated to reduced muscle mass index and appendicular muscle mass index compared with early bedtime.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided novel insight that late bedtime (after 24:00) was independently related to elevated androgenic hormones and reduced LM in individuals with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}