Ahmad Mahran, Mohammed Khairy, Reham Elkhateeb, Abdel Rahman Hegazy, Ayman Abdelmeged, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Khalaf F Alsharif, Helal F Hetta, Haitham Ahmed Bahaa
{"title":"Retraction Note: The value of serum progesterone level on day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration/metaphase II oocyte ratio in predicting IVF/ICSI outcome in patients with normal ovarian reserve.","authors":"Ahmad Mahran, Mohammed Khairy, Reham Elkhateeb, Abdel Rahman Hegazy, Ayman Abdelmeged, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Khalaf F Alsharif, Helal F Hetta, Haitham Ahmed Bahaa","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02302-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02302-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoju Wan, Min Yu, Xingwu Wu, Zhihui Huang, Jun Tan
{"title":"Consistent associations of BMI with ovarian response and pregnancy loss risk across PCOS, DOR, and tubal factor infertility: a complete-case mediation analysis of 8,923 IVF cycles.","authors":"Xiaoju Wan, Min Yu, Xingwu Wu, Zhihui Huang, Jun Tan","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02299-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02299-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) affects in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes through consistent pathways across different infertility etiologies.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study with mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A reproductive medicine center in China.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Of 11,524 eligible women (PCOS n = 2,881; DOR n = 4,354; tubal factor infertility n = 4,289), 8,923 with complete data for mediation analysis were included (PCOS n = 2,507; DOR n = 2,425; tubal factor n = 3,991); outcome analyses included 6,708, 4,182, and 6,523 women for clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live birth, respectively.</p><p><strong>Intervention(s): </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Primary outcome was oocyte yield. Secondary outcomes included clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Mediating variable was basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI was associated with a small indirect effect on oocyte yield via FSH (proportion mediated: 5.31-8.21%). The direction of this indirect association was similar across cohorts, but the magnitude was small and confidence intervals were wide, particularly in the DOR cohort. For reproductive outcomes, obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.53, P=0.041; NNH=19), showed a non-significant trend toward lower live birth rates (OR=0.77, P=0.078); however, the live birth analysis had only 5.3% power and was therefore inconclusive. No association was observed with clinical pregnancy. These associations were consistent across PCOS, DOR, and tubal factor cohorts. The live birth finding should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI showed consistent associations with IVF outcomes across distinct infertility etiologies. The FSH-related indirect association with oocyte yield was small and similar in direction across cohorts, but its clinical relevance remains uncertain. More importantly, obesity was consistently associated with increased pregnancy loss risk regardless of infertility cause. The live birth analysis was underpowered and inconclusive; therefore, no clinical recommendation can be made for live birth based on this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Development of a diagnostic model for ovarian cancer based on machine learning algorithms and functional analysis of key biomarker SOX17.","authors":"Xueyan Geng, Maopeng Yin, Hongxi Zhao, Zeyu Zhang, Shichao Liu, Yingjie Liu, Shoucai Zhang, Yongyuan Liang, Li Song, Guixi Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02267-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-026-02267-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of BTLA in ovarian cancer and its clinical prognostic significance based on multi-omics analysis.","authors":"Yiliminuer Abulajiang, Yumei Wu","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02231-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02231-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian cancer (OV) is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy with limited effective biomarkers for prognosis and precision immunotherapy. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule involved in tumor immune regulation, but its role in OV remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to evaluate BTLA expression and its potential clinical relevance in OV. Exploratory multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between BTLA expression and patient prognosis. Functional characteristics were investigated through gene set enrichment and variation analyses, protein-protein interaction analysis, and regulatory network construction. Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) was applied to explore cellular heterogeneity and BTLA-related cell-cell communication. Drug sensitivity analyses and molecular docking were conducted to assess therapeutic relevance. Experimental assays were performed to validate BTLA expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BTLA was significantly upregulated in OV tissues compared with normal controls. Higher BTLA expression was associated with patient prognosis in exploratory Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analyses. Functional enrichment revealed associations with immune- and tumor-related pathways including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), interleukin-10 signaling, and interferon responses. Single-cell analysis demonstrated BTLA-related transcriptional heterogeneity across cell populations, with epithelial cells showing the highest activity. Drug sensitivity profiling identified differential responses between BTLA expression groups, and molecular docking suggested moderate binding affinity between BTLA and genistein (Vina score = - 6.3 kcal/mol). Experimental validation confirmed increased BTLA expression at both mRNA and protein levels in OV tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that BTLA may be involved in the tumor immune microenvironment of OV and may provide preliminary clues as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuping Shan, Qianqian Wang, Wei Wan, Yan Zhang, Yijing Chu
{"title":"Clinical landscape of therapeutic vaccines for ovarian cancer: current status, challenges, and future directions.","authors":"Yuping Shan, Qianqian Wang, Wei Wan, Yan Zhang, Yijing Chu","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02253-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02253-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Therapeutic cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer by stimulating tumor-specific immune responses and establishing long-term immune memory. Despite decades of clinical investigation, the overall development landscape, translatform characteristics, and research trends of ovarian cancer vaccines remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical trials related to ovarian cancer vaccines were retrieved from the ClinicalTrials.gov database. A total of 136 unique studies registered between 1996 and June 2026 were included. Information regarding study phase, recruitment status, enrollment size, geographic distribution, funding source, vaccine platform, combination strategy, clinical application context, and endpoint selection was extracted and descriptively analyzed. Relationships among vaccine platforms, combination strategies, clinical phases, and endpoint categories were further visualized. Immune monitoring outcomes were further coded according to reporting specificity, assay-method class, and biological domain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 136 clinical studies involving 4,180 participants were identified. Most studies were early-phase trials, including Phase I (48.53%), Phase II (23.53%), and Phase I/II (21.32%), whereas only 2 Phase III studies were found. Completed studies accounted for 55.88%, while only 22.79% had publicly posted results. The United States dominated the research landscape, participating in 105 studies. Major vaccine platforms included peptide/antigen vaccines, dendritic-cell vaccines, whole tumor cell or lysate vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and viral/vector vaccines. Current development trends indicate a transition from single-vaccine approaches toward combination strategies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and immune adjuvants. Most studies focused on advanced, metastatic, or recurrent ovarian cancer. Safety/toxicity and immunogenicity were the most frequently used endpoints, whereas progression-free survival, overall survival, quality of life, and biomarker-based outcomes were comparatively underrepresented. Immune monitoring or immune-response outcomes were reported in 92 trials (67.65%), but only 58 trials (42.65%) specified an assay method; 34 trials (25.00%) described an immune domain without a named assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic vaccine development for ovarian cancer has shown sustained progress over the past three decades but remains largely in an early exploratory stage. Although diverse vaccine platforms and combination immunotherapy strategies demonstrate substantial translational potential, confirmatory evidence remains limited. Future efforts should prioritize biomarker-guided patient selection, personalized vaccine development, standardized immune monitoring, clinically meaningful endpoints, and large-scale multicenter randomized Phase II/III trials to ","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lidong Zhao, Peipei Li, Jinhua Li, Hu Liu, Jinjuan Wang, Limei Qing, Jing Yang, Xiuzhen Wang, Lingxia Ha
{"title":"Defining metabolic heterogeneity in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome based on the MTHFR C677T polymorphism: the potential pathway role of homocysteine.","authors":"Lidong Zhao, Peipei Li, Jinhua Li, Hu Liu, Jinjuan Wang, Limei Qing, Jing Yang, Xiuzhen Wang, Lingxia Ha","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02259-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02259-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) is characterized by diverse endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. Patients differ substantially in obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk. Homocysteine (HCY) is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities in patients with PMOS, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism is an important genetic factor that influences HCY levels. However, whether MTHFR C677T genotype-associated HCY elevation is related to metabolic heterogeneity within PMOS remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 213 women diagnosed with PMOS at the Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. Based on MTHFR C677T genotyping results, the participants were classified as the homozygous wild-type genotype C/C (CC, n = 48), the heterozygous genotype C/T (CT, n = 124), or the homozygous variant genotype T/T (TT, n = 41). Differences in clinical characteristics, glucose and lipid metabolism indices, inflammatory markers, and reproductive hormone levels were compared among the groups. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the primary genotype-HCY association, whereas correlation, pathway, and prediction analyses were considered exploratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCY levels differed significantly among the genotypes. The TT group had the highest HCY levels, and this pattern remained consistent across BMI strata. The TT group also showed a tendency toward a more adverse metabolic profile, with relatively higher lipid-related and inflammatory indicators. Exploratory genotype-stratified analyses suggested that, within the TT group, higher HCY was associated with a less favorable metabolic pattern, particularly higher triglyceride levels. Pathway analysis further suggested a statistical relationship among MTHFR C677T genotype, HCY, and insulin resistance, although the cross-sectional design precluded causal interpretation. Prediction analyses also indicated that HCY contributed to the identification of the TT-associated high-HCY phenotype. These exploratory findings are presented in the Supplementary Material and require further validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MTHFR C677T TT genotype was closely associated with elevated HCY levels and a tendency toward a more adverse metabolic phenotype in patients with PMOS. The metabolic implications of this genotype-associated HCY elevation remain exploratory and require confirmation in prospective, multicenter studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associations of menstrual cycle length with GDM and gestational hypertension in frozen embryo transfer.","authors":"Reweiguli Aihaiti, Zhoujun Zhu, Xian Wu, Ziyun Shen, Zhihong Niu","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02168-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02168-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged menstrual cycles may indicate potential cardiometabolic conditions; however, there are limited data on how these associations vary among women without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between menstrual cycle length, pregnancy complications, and adverse birth outcomes among women without PCOS undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women who delivered singleton live births and had complete pre-pregnancy menstrual cycle data were eligible for inclusion in this study, and were grouped according to the menstrual cycle length (≤ 27, 28-31, 32-35, and ≥ 36 days). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, parity, infertility factors, IVF-FET parameters, and embryo characteristics were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with prolonged cycles (≥ 36 days) had a higher risk of GDM (aOR 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-2.09; P = 0.005) and gestational hypertension (aOR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.05-2.42; P = 0.027) compared with those with 28-31 day cycles. Cycle lengths of 32-35 days were also associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension (aOR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.02-2.48; P = 0.041). Short cycles (≤ 27 days) were linked to a reduced risk of GDM (aOR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30-0.76; P = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A prolonged menstrual cycle is a significant risk factor for GDM and gestational hypertension in women undergoing FET. These findings underscore the need for individualized risk assessment and early intervention in IVF patients with prolonged cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genping Zeng, Mengyuan Chu, Jiaqi Yang, Yunfei Han, Qianyi Zhou, Han Zhang, Ying Yan
{"title":"Restoring glucose metabolic homeostasis to attenuate ovarian aging: mechanisms and clinical prospects.","authors":"Genping Zeng, Mengyuan Chu, Jiaqi Yang, Yunfei Han, Qianyi Zhou, Han Zhang, Ying Yan","doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02244-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13048-026-02244-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian aging has emerged as a major challenge to female reproductive health worldwide, primarily characterized by a decline in oocyte quality and/or quantity, diminished granulosa cell function, and impairment of the surrounding microenvironment. Within this microenvironment, glucose metabolism participates in the synergistic regulation of ovarian homeostasis through specific metabolic networks and metabolite-driven signaling. Metabolic disruption can impair intercellular communication mechanisms, induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately drive ovarian aging. Ovarian granulosa cells surround the oocyte and facilitate bidirectional communication via gap junctions or molecular signaling. These cells continuously supply energy substrates to support oocyte growth and maturation, while the oocyte, in turn, promotes granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. Impairment of glycolysis in granulosa cells leads to energy deficits and triggers apoptosis. Concurrently, metabolic reprogramming in the oocyte links glucose metabolic homeostasis with mechanisms governing developmental competence. Glucose-derived metabolites drive various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and succinylation, that contribute to ovarian function and intersect with pathological processes such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and autophagy. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting glucose metabolism, such as modulating metabolic pathways, metabolite signaling, and associated PTMs, offer promising avenues for treating ovarian aging. However, the glucose metabolic network within the ovarian microenvironment is highly complex, and targeting a single node is often insufficient to restore metabolic homeostasis. A comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies to simultaneously intervene at different regulatory levels is needed. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the ovarian glucose metabolic network, metabolite-driven post-translational modifications, and the interplay among various pathological mechanisms. We further explore potential regulators that could restore glucose metabolic balance and propose that future efforts should focus on developing precision strategies, guided by artificial intelligence and multi-omics data to modulate the metabolic reprogramming of both the microenvironment and functional cells, ultimately translating these insights into clinical interventions for ovarian aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":16610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ovarian Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}