Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"A novel histopathological subclassification of oral submucous fibrosis based on epithelial keratinization: A proof-of-concept pilot observation","authors":"Gargi S. Sarode,&nbsp;Sachin C. Sarode","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive oral potentially malignant disorder strongly associated with areca nut consumption. Despite extensive research, a reliable and clinically applicable biomarker for predicting malignant transformation remains unavailable. The present pilot investigation introduces a novel concept by classifying OSMF into two histopathological variants—hyperkeratinized and non-hyperkeratinized—based on epithelial keratinization patterns, a distinction not previously described in the literature. Archival biopsy samples of 51 histologically confirmed OSMF cases from the buccal mucosa were analyzed for keratinization type and epithelial dysplasia. Additionally, 37 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in the background of OSMF (OSCC-OSMF) were examined for keratinization at surgical margins. Among OSMF cases, 19.6 % exhibited hyperkeratinization, all showing high-risk epithelial dysplasia, whereas 90.2 % of normally keratinized cases demonstrated low-risk dysplasia. In OSCC-OSMF specimens, 60 % of surgical margins revealed hyperkeratinization. These findings suggest that epithelial hyperkeratinization may represent an early histological alteration associated with malignant transformation rather than a protective epithelial response. Although limited by small sample size, this study provides proof-of-concept for a novel histopathological subclassification of OSMF, warranting validation through larger, multicentre longitudinal and molecular correlation studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 129-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dentists toward geriatric health and nutrition: A pan-India cross-sectional questionnaire-based study","authors":"B.T. Pradeep Raja ,&nbsp;P.S. Manoharan ,&nbsp;E. Rajkumar ,&nbsp;G. Ezhumalai","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>India's rapidly growing geriatric population faces significant oral health and nutritional challenges. Although prosthodontic care can improve dietary intake, dental practitioners' awareness and integration of geriatric nutrition into routine practice remain unclear. Limited data exist on how Indian dentists address these needs in clinical and educational settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dental practitioners across India regarding geriatric health and nutrition and identified gaps to inform education, policy, and clinical interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 462 dental practitioners providing prosthodontic care across 21 states. A validated 28-item questionnaire, including three open-ended questions, assessed KAP. Data were analyzed using descriptives, one-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc Bonferroni tests (p ≤ 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respondents were aware of nutritional assessment methods (72.1 %) and recognized the importance of dietary counselling (97.8 %). Attitudes were highly positive, with 98.1 % supporting inclusion of geriatric nutrition in curriculum. However, only 52 % routinely assessed nutrition, and 63 % provided diet counselling. Prosthodontists had significantly higher knowledge (77.87 %) and practice scores (65.64 %), while institutional practitioners showed the most positive attitudes (74.12 %). Notably, 70 % reported insufficient training during dental education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This first pan-India study highlights a substantial gap between knowledge and practice in geriatric nutrition. Despite positive attitudes, routine implementation is limited. Structured curriculum reforms, continuing education, and chairside intervention models are urgently needed to enhance oral and systemic health outcomes in the elderly.</div></div><div><h3>Novelty</h3><div>This nationwide assessment uniquely identifies educational and practice gaps, offering <strong>evidence to</strong> guide policy and clinical interventions to improve geriatric dental care in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) in bone regeneration of maxillofacial defects-a randomized double-blind pilot comparative clinical-radiological study","authors":"Khushboo Changani ,&nbsp;Anil Managutti ,&nbsp;Shailesh Menat ,&nbsp;Nirav Patel ,&nbsp;Vivekanand Kattimani ,&nbsp;Darshal Panchal ,&nbsp;E.K. Girija","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Defects of the maxillofacial skeleton lead to functional, aesthetic, social, and behavioral problems, that make the person isolate from the mainstream of society. So, bone regeneration is needed for the overall health. Since long time various materials have been used for bone regeneration with limitations. Recently, Eggshell derived hydroxyapatite [EHA] has been explored as a graft substitute. Hence EHA is evaluated and compared with SHA (synthetic hydroxyapatite) for its efficacy to accelerate bone regeneration in maxillofacial cystic defects.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Total of 20 bony defects randomly allocated to SHA and EHA groups for grafting after removal of pathology (cyst and granuloma) having ≤ 2 cm in size. Signs and symptoms were evaluated postsurgically for 2 weeks. Bone regeneration was assessed by blinded observer for study duration and method of intervention postoperatively at1^st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th month and 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found no statistical significant difference among clinical signs and symptoms between the groups. Whereas EHA showed better bone regeneration by the end of 6th month and 1 year compared to SHA with statistically significant difference in bone density[EHA group (136.04 ± 15.56) and SHA group (115.58 ± 16.26)]. Parameters like internal portion of surgical site, surgical site outline showed consistent results with density.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both EHA and SHA graft materials are equally efficient in early bone regeneration. The EHA showed promising results and enhanced bone regeneration with osteoconductivity, which indicates the eggshell waste-bio mineral is worthwhile raw material for the production of HA and is Go Green procedure. EHA is economic, compared with SHA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral stress distribution analysis on hafnium metal bar for implant superstructure- A finite element analysis","authors":"Budati Meghna ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Rajaraman ,&nbsp;Padma Ariga ,&nbsp;Saravanan Sekaran ,&nbsp;K Lokesh sai","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mechanical behavior of implant-supported prostheses is strongly influenced by the material properties of the bar framework, particularly under lateral masticatory loading. While titanium and cobalt–chromium are established materials, alternatives such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and hafnium may offer distinct biomechanical advantages. The aim of this study was to compare the lateral stress distribution in implant-supported prostheses fabricated with four different bar materials using finite element analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>ology: A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted on a mandibular edentulous model with four endosseous implants arranged in an All-on-4 configuration. Four groups were evaluated based on bar material: titanium (Ti), cobalt–chromium (CoCr), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and hafnium (Hf). A total of four simulation models were created, each subjected to a 100 N anterior and 300 N posterior lateral load. Von Mises stresses were analyzed in the bar, abutments, screws, and peri-implant bone.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PEEK recorded the lowest stress in the bar (∼25 MPa) and peri-implant bone but induced elevated stresses in the abutment (348 MPa) and screw (288 MPa). CoCr showed the highest stress within the bar (∼114 MPa) with lower values in other components. Titanium and hafnium presented a balanced stress profile, with no region exceeding 300 MPa. Hafnium closely mirrored titanium's biomechanical response, demonstrating efficient load distribution without critical stress concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bar material significantly affects lateral stress distribution in implant-supported prostheses. Hafnium displayed biomechanical behavior comparable to titanium, indicating its promise as a potential alternative framework material. Further in vitro and clinical validation is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Alpinia calcarata extract promotes osteoblasts differentiation: An In vitro study","authors":"Rathika Ravi ,&nbsp;Deepavalli Arumuganainar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Copper-based biomaterials are increasingly investigated for bone tissue engineering due to their osteogenic and angiogenic properties. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly route for producing biocompatible nanoparticles. This study aimed to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using <em>Alpinia calcarata</em> leaf extract and evaluate their cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential in vitro.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CuO NPs were synthesized by reacting copper nitrate trihydrate with A. calcarata leaf extract under alkaline conditions, followed by calcination. The nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR to confirm morphology, crystallinity, and functional group interactions. C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cells were used to assess cytocompatibility (MTT assay, FDA staining), osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin Red S staining and quantification), and gene expression (qRT-PCR for Runx2, Col-I, and ALP).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM and TEM revealed aggregated, spherical nanoparticles of &lt;100 nm, while XRD confirmed crystalline monoclinic CuO and FTIR indicated phytochemical capping. MTT and FDA assays showed CuO NPs were cytocompatible up to 50 μg/mL, with dose-dependent cytotoxicity observed at higher concentrations. Under osteogenic conditions, cells treated with 50 μg/mL CuO NPs displayed significantly enhanced mineral deposition compared to controls. Gene expression analysis demonstrated upregulation of Runx2, Col-I, and ALP, confirming promotion of osteogenic differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Biogenically synthesized CuO NPs using A. calcarata extract are structurally pure, biocompatible at defined concentrations, and capable of enhancing osteoblast differentiation by stimulating matrix mineralization and osteogenic gene expression. These findings position A. calcarata–mediated CuO NPs as sustainable, multifunctional nanomaterials with promising applications in bone tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced tongue carcinogenesis: A systematic review","authors":"Chamathsara Hewa Kodikarage ,&nbsp;Menaka Batuwanthudawa ,&nbsp;Kalpani Senevirathna ,&nbsp;Wasala Mudiyanselage Kalpani Madhushika Ratnayake ,&nbsp;Sivasuntharam Induijaa ,&nbsp;Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe ,&nbsp;Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi ,&nbsp;Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani Siriwardena ,&nbsp;Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a significant etiological factor in tongue cancer, particularly among individuals without conventional risk factors such as tobacco or alcohol use. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HPV-induced tongue carcinogenesis is critical for advancing targeted interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically review existing literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations in HPV-associated tongue cancer, with emphasis on viral oncoprotein interactions, disrupted cellular signalling pathways, and immune evasion mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>Electronic databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and AMED.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search using relevant MeSH terms was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies involving human participants. Duplicates were removed, and studies were screened using the Rayyan software based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search yielded 3,140 articles, with 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after full-text screening and manual search. Quality assessment indicated that 96.3 % of studies (n = 26) had low risk of bias, while one study (3.7 %) had high risk. Key findings showed that HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins interfere with tumor suppressor pathways (e.g., p53 and Rb), and activate PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling. Epigenetic alterations such as promoter hypermethylation, histone modification, and microRNA dysregulation were also implicated. HPV-positive tumours demonstrated immune evasion features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite progress in understanding HPV-related tongue carcinogenesis, further research is needed to explore tissue tropism and identify novel therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Prospero id</h3><div>CRD42024593129.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 198-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two sodium fluoride varnish systems in preventing dental caries in children: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Mahesh R. Khairnar ,&nbsp;P.G. Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Harloveen Sabharwal ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar Jadhav ,&nbsp;Sheetal Badnaware ,&nbsp;Neha Shukla ,&nbsp;Ananta Kusumakar ,&nbsp;Zainab Akram ,&nbsp;Savitha Priyadarsini S ,&nbsp;Ridhi Ghodela","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dental caries frequently affects first permanent molars soon after eruption due to their anatomical susceptibility. Fluoride varnish is a widely accepted preventive measure; however, different formulations vary in fluoride retention and cost. Evidence comparing both clinical outcomes and economic value of available varnishes in children remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of resin-based and alcohol-based 5 % sodium fluoride varnishes in preventing dental caries in permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A double-blind, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among 84 children (330 M) aged 6–8 years from a private school in Varanasi, India. Participants received either resin-based varnish (163 teeth) or alcohol-based varnish (167 teeth) at six-month intervals. Caries incidence was assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using ICDAS-II. A financial cost-benefit perspective was adopted, considering direct material and application costs borne by the provider and estimated restorative treatment savings for patients. Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Caries incidence remained low in both groups after 24 months (resin-based: 7.4 %; alcohol-based: 7.8 %; p = 0.961). No significant differences were found in early or advanced lesions at any interval (p &gt; 0.05). ITT and Per-protocol analyses revealed negligible effect sizes (Cliff's Delta ≤0.05). Cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that the alcohol-based varnish produced ₹62.22 savings per ₹1 spent, compared to ₹8.47 in resin-based group. The cost to save ₹100 in future restorative expenses was ₹1.61 (alcohol-based) and ₹11.80 (resin-based).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both varnishes were equally effective, but alcohol-based varnish was substantially more cost-effective, making it a suitable choice for large-scale preventive programs in resource-constrained settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatibility and odontogenic potential of an indigenous apitherapeutic pulp capping agent: A comparative in vitro analysis using hDPSCs","authors":"Ketaki Turbatmath ,&nbsp;S. Delphine Priscilla Antony ,&nbsp;Raghunandhakumar Subramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the cytocompatibility and odonto-inductive potential of an indigenously developed apitherapeutic pulp capping agent Api-Therapeutic Pulp Guard (ATPG) by assessing cell viability and dentinogenic gene expression using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>hDPSCs were exposed to eluates of ATPG and compared with calcium hydroxide (RC-Cal) and control. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, LIVE/DEAD staining was performed using calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) evaluated DSPP gene expression. This comprehensive approach provided complementary insights into cell metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and odontogenic potential of the test materials.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ATPG exhibited high cell viability (96.52 %), significantly greater than calcium hydroxide (84.25 %) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). LIVE/DEAD assay confirmed better membrane integrity with a predominance of green (live) stained cells. qPCR showed a 3.6-fold upregulation of DSPP gene expression in ATPG-treated cells, suggesting strong odontogenic differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The ATPG formulation demonstrated superior biocompatibility and odontogenic potential compared to conventional calcium hydroxide, underscoring its promise for translation in regenerative endodontic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of pemphigus and pemphigoid groups of disorders based on clinical images: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Pravallika Kakada,&nbsp;Monal Yuwanati,&nbsp;Pratibha Ramani","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pemphigus and pemphigoid disease pose diagnostic challenges to pathologists and clinician due to overlapping clinical and histopathological features. The systematic review evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in identifying pemphigus and pemphigoid disorders based on clinical images, compared to conventional diagnostic techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases since inception using search strategy comprising of \"Artificial Intelligence\", \"Pemphigus\", \"Pemphigoid\", \"Diagnosis\", \"sensitivity\", \"specificity\", and \"accuracy\". Studies examined AI models’ accuracy for diagnosing pemphigus and pemphigoid were included in the review. A meta-analysis was conducted using Meta-Disc software, with pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 4094 search results, five studies met the eligibility criteria after screening and selection steps. The pooled diagnostic accuracy of AI-based systems was 0.83 (CI 0.73–0.90) with a of 0.86 % (CI: 0.76–0.91) pooled sensitivity and 0.84 % (CI: 0.79–0.87) pooled specificity, reflecting its moderate effectiveness in ruling out pemphigus and pemphigoid disorders. Further, the positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 5.34 (95 % CI: 4.05–7.05), and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.16 (95 % CI: 0.09–0.28), with a DOR of 32.53 (95 % CI: 14.70–71.94) indicates moderate to strong accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AI have moderate diagnostic efficacy in diagnosis of pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases. However, additional research is needed to develop standardized methodologies and ensure generalizability across different populations before integrating into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional recovery of demineralized dentin using a glutamic acid-modified electrospun scaffold: A multimodal in vitro characterization","authors":"Aruna Krishnan ,&nbsp;Sandhya Raghu ,&nbsp;Govindaraj Perumal ,&nbsp;Jayalakshmi Somasundaram ,&nbsp;Nishitha Arun","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dentin remineralization poses a significant challenge in restorative dentistry due to the complex structure and mineral-organic composition of dentin. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds present a biomimetic platform to facilitate mineral deposition. Functionalization of the scaffold, achieved through the incorporation of biomolecules like glutamic acid, which mimics non-collagenous proteins, may improve remineralization.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the remineralization potential of a glutamic acid-loaded polycaprolactone/nanohydroxyapatite (PCL/nHA/Glu) scaffold on acid-demineralized dentin, through surface and mechanical characterization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nanofibrous scaffolds of PCL/nHA and PCL/nHA/Glu were fabricated and applied to demineralized human dentin discs. The samples were immersed in simulated body fluid for 7, 14, and 28 days. Changes in morphology and composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Surface topography was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and mechanical properties were evaluated via nanoindentation, with statistical analysis conducted using one-way ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM imaging showed progressive mineral deposition in both scaffold groups, with the PCL/nHA/Glu group demonstrating organized crystallite formation and almost complete tubule occlusion by Day 28. EDS indicated earlier and higher Ca and P incorporation in the PCL/nHA/Glu group. AFM showed significant reductions in surface roughness later, while nanoindentation revealed increased elastic modulus and hardness in the PCL/nHA/Glu group by Day 14, indicating mechanical recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Glutamic acid-functionalized scaffolds significantly enhanced the remineralization of demineralized dentin, promoting organized mineral deposition and restoration of mechanical properties. These findings support using amino acid-modified scaffolds in dentin tissue engineering.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Functionalization with amino acids is crucial for mimicking the activity of non-collagenous proteins, transforming passive ion delivery systems into bioactive platforms for dentin regeneration. These scaffolds could serve as alternatives to traditional materials in restorative dentistry, aiding in the treatment of dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and enhancing pulp vitality and regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}