Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of tear strength, antifungal effect, and polymicrobial resistance in Glycyrrhiza glabra–incorporated maxillofacial silicone","authors":"Harshini Sivakumar ,&nbsp;Jeyaraj Brintha Jei ,&nbsp;Balasubramaniam Muthukumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the tear strength, anti-candidal effect, and resistance to polymicrobial biofilm formation of maxillofacial silicone modified with varying concentrations of Glycyrrhiza glabra (0 %, 1.5 %, 2.5 %, and 5 %), focusing on enhancing its durability, antimicrobial properties, and overall performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 192 samples were prepared and divided into groups based on Glycyrrhiza glabra concentrations, with further subgroups for each parameter with 48 samples in each concentration group. Tear strength was tested using a universal testing machine and expressed in N/mm. Anti-candidal and polymicrobial biofilm properties were assessed by inoculating samples with Candida albicans and a mixed culture of Candida albicans and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, with colony counts measured at 24 and 48 h.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increasing the concentration of Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly enhanced tear strength and antimicrobial properties. Tear strength improved progressively, with Group D (5 % concentration) achieving the highest value of 12.43 N/mm. Anti-candidal efficacy showed a clear dose-dependent effect, with Group D reducing Candida albicans counts from 225.75 in Group A to 40.67 at 24 h and further to 25.17 at 48 h. Polymicrobial biofilm formation also decreased significantly, with Group D showing the lowest counts of 163.33 CFU at 24 h and 163.08 CFU at 48 h. Tukey's post hoc test revealed significant differences between treatment groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and controls, highlighting that higher concentrations offered superior performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The incorporation of Glycyrrhiza glabra into maxillofacial silicone significantly enhances tear strength, anti-candidal, and anti-polymicrobial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1071-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-functional azithromycin loaded polyvinyl alcohol and fucoidan hydrogel coating for titanium Implants: An experimental in vitro study","authors":"Maria Sharon Velraj,&nbsp;Arvina Rajasekar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Titanium-based implants are widely used in biomedical applications due to their superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the risk of postoperative infections and inadequate osseointegration remains a significant challenge. Hydrogels, with their tunable properties, offer a promising approach for enhancing the bioactivity of titanium surfaces. This study explored the development and characterization of an azithromycin-loaded PVA-fucoidan hydrogel coating on titanium and evaluated its physicochemical and biological properties.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To fabricate and characterize an azithromycin-loaded PVA-fucoidan hydrogel coated on titanium surfaces and assess their antibacterial, hemocompatibility, and biocompatibility properties.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Commercially pure ASTM grade V titanium disks (n = 25) were prepared and treated via radio frequency argon plasma. PVA-fucoidan hydrogel was synthesized and loaded with azithromycin (1 % w/w), followed by electrophoretic deposition onto the titanium surface. Surface characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. In-vitro drug release was analyzed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and <em>Escherichia coli (n = 3</em> per <em>group)</em>. Hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity were evaluated via hemolysis assay, MTT assay, and live/dead cell assay (n = 3 replicates per assay).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FTIR confirmed the successful integration of azithromycin without altering the hydrogel structure. SEM and AFM revealed uniform, textured coatings with enhanced roughness. Contact angle measurements indicated improved hydrophilicity (58°). Sustained azithromycin release was observed. The azithromycin-loaded coating exhibited superior antibacterial activity, larger inhibition zones, excellent hemocompatibility (0.8 % hemolysis), and 100 % cell viability in fibroblast cultures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Azithromycin-loaded PVA-fucoidan hydrogel coating on titanium demonstrated promising physicochemical and biological properties, making it a potential candidate for enhancing the performance of titanium-based biomedical implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1043-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver nanoparticle-coated Bacteriophages: A novel therapeutic approach for combating Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections","authors":"Anabathula Praharsha ,&nbsp;Alpa Gupta ,&nbsp;Kanchan Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Lubhansha Kumar ,&nbsp;Priya Khandelwal ,&nbsp;Saumya Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Endodontic infections, particularly those caused by <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, are a major cause of treatment failure due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments. This study explores the use of silver nanoparticles to coat bacteriophages targeting <em>E. faecalis</em>, aiming to improve their antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility for endodontic applications.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Bacteriophages against Enteroccus faecalis were isolated from poultry samples using an agar overlay technique and purified through serial dilution and plaque assays. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and coated onto the bacteriophages using a coacervation/precipitation method. The cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles was assessed using an MTT assay on human gingival fibroblasts. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and zone of inhibition assays against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>. The structural characteristics of the silver nanoparticle-coated bacteriophages were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The bacteriophage isolation was confirmed by distinct plaque formation on <em>E. faecalis</em> cultures. The MTT assay revealed minimal cytotoxicity of 0.05 % silver nanoparticles, with cell viability greater than 91 % at all time points. MIC testing indicated that 0.05 % silver nanoparticles effectively inhibited bacterial growth, with significant inhibition zones (16.83 mm for <em>P. gingivalis</em> and 14.50 mm for <em>S. mutans</em>). SEM analysis showed successful coating of the bacteriophages with silver nanoparticles, with clear morphological changes and increased surface roughness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Silver nanoparticle-coated bacteriophages represent a promising therapeutic approach to enhance bacteriophage stability and antimicrobial efficacy against <em>E. faecalis</em> in endodontic infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1051-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of inorganic ion configuration in enamel hypo mineralization","authors":"Gokul Vimal Thangaraj,&nbsp;Ramya Ramadoss,&nbsp;Sandhya Sundar,&nbsp;Suganya Panneer Selvam,&nbsp;Hema Shree K.,&nbsp;Nitya K.","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Enamel hypomineralization is characterized by a reduction in the concentration of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the enamel, along with an increase in carbon (C) concentration. This condition affects the mineral content of the enamel, leading to weakened and more susceptible teeth. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the inorganic ion configuration in enamel hypomineralization for effective restorative approaches and prevention strategies. It can pave the way for better therapeutic interventions. Thus, our study aims to investigate the characteristics of enamel hypoplasia in 5 extracted teeth using FE-SEM and EDX analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study investigated 5 human teeth with enamel hypoplasia and compared them with 1 normal control tooth. The teeth were cut into sections, dehydrated, and coated with platinum before being analyzed using a JSM-IT800 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). After imaging, the specialized software was utilized to analyze and measure enamel hypoplasia's morphological traits and features of enamel hypoplasia. The SEM was used to examine the teeth's morphology, while the EDX was used to analyze the molecules.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Electron microscopic images exhibited altered topography on the surface of hypo-mineralized enamel. Elemental analysis showed the presence of Ca, P, Ag, Mg, C, K, and Cl, and their varied distribution. Normal enamel has 48.3 % oxygen and 27.5 % calcium. In hypoplastic enamel, oxygen increases to 49.1 % and calcium stays at 27.3 %. Phosphorus slightly decreases from 13.5 % to 13.3 %, and carbon decreases from 9.8 % to 8.7 %. There are no significant differences in sodium and chlorine. Enamel hypoplasia is linked to minor changes in elemental composition, with a significant decrease in carbon concentration. Standard deviations indicate the precision of the measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Novelty</h3><div>Prior research on enamel hypomineralization typically relies on comparative approaches, employing SEM and EDX for imaging and analysis. While calcium and phosphorus concentrations are frequently analyzed, the study's inclusion of additional elements and quantitative measurements offers a more comprehensive understanding. Advanced imaging techniques such as FE-SEM allow for detailed analysis of enamel structures. The findings contribute valuable insights to this diverse body of knowledge, crucial due to the complex nature of enamel hypomineralization. Thus, it could provide valuable insights for targeted remineralization techniques, ultimately preventing dental caries development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1036-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced glass ionomer cement with bioactive additives for collagen synthesis and inflammation in pulp-rabbit teeth","authors":"Nattapon Rotpenpian ,&nbsp;Peerapon Sornying ,&nbsp;Sareepah Manmoo ,&nbsp;Krittee Dejyong","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to enhance conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) by incorporating 15 % chitosan, 5 % bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.05 % tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and 1 μg translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), resulting in an enhanced-GIC formulation. The study evaluated its adhesion properties, biocompatibility, and ability to promote pulp tissue healing in rabbit anterior teeth.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The enhanced-GIC was tested in a rabbit model to assess its physical adhesion and biological effects on pulp tissue. Following cavity preparation and material placement, the teeth were observed for 21 days. Histological evaluations focused on inflammation, toxicity, and collagen synthesis in pulp tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The enhanced-GIC showed comparable adhesion properties to conventional GIC. Histological analysis revealed no significant inflammation or toxicity in the pulp tissue of either group. The enhanced-GIC group exhibited superior biocompatibility, demonstrated by increased lymphocyte infiltration and enhanced collagen synthesis within the pulp tissue, suggesting its potential for promoting tissue regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The enhanced-GIC formulation shows promise as a sublining material in restorative dentistry, offering benefits in pulp tissue healing and collagen formation, while maintaining adhesion comparable to conventional GIC. This study highlights enhanced-GIC's potential for use in dental restorative procedures, particularly for cases requiring pulp regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1021-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological effects of two nano-composite resins on human gingival fibroblast (an in vitro study)","authors":"Mai Gamal Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Ali Shamaa ,&nbsp;Noura Mohammed Bakr ,&nbsp;Maha El Shahawy","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To elucidate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of two different nano-composite resins on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The HGFs were isolated, characterized, and classified into 3 groups. The control group consisted of untreated HGFs, the Omnichroma extract treated HGFs (the OMN group), and the 3M Filtek Z350 xt extract treated HGFs (ESPE group). The cell viability, mode of cell death and expression of <em>interleukin-1β</em> (<em>IL-1β</em>) and <em>interleukin-6</em> (<em>IL</em><strong><em>-</em></strong><em>6</em>) were investigated after 72 h and 24 h of resin extracts' pre-incubation with HGF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The isolated HGFs were characterized. The HGF viability was significantly higher in the OMN groups than ESPE groups at most of the concentrations. Total cell death was higher in the ESPE groups and at the OMN group at 72 h in comparison to the control and was higher in the ESPE groups compared to OMN groups. Furthermore, the <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>IL</em><strong><em>-</em></strong><em>6</em> levels in the OMN group at 72 h and in the ESPE groups were higher than the control one.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of ESPE on HGF is more significant than the OMN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1029-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological copper levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis with insights into disease progression and prognosis","authors":"Sandhya Sundar,&nbsp;Deepak Pandiar,&nbsp;Monal Yuwanati","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common, aggressive cancer characterized by frequent local invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. Previous research has reported altered copper levels in OSCC; however, studies employed different methods to assess these levels, leading to inconsistent or inaccurate measurements. This variability impacts the evaluation of copper's potential as a biomarker in OSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate copper concentrations in serum, saliva, and tissue of OSCC patients compared to healthy controls and explore its potential association with disease progression and prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>ologyA comprehensive search across electronic databases identified 147 studies, with 18 meeting the inclusion criteria following full-text screening. Data from 751 OSCC patients and 628 healthy controls were analysed. A random-effects meta-analysis was employed to compute standardized mean differences (SMD). Subgroup analyses based on sample type and analytical technique were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using established quality checklists.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serum copper levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients (SMD: 2.22 μg/ml; I² = 98 %), with improved effect size (SMD: 2.71 μg/ml) after excluding high-risk studies. Salivary copper levels were also elevated (SMD: 0.49 μg/ml), increasing further upon sensitivity analysis (SMD: 0.75 μg/ml; p = 0.02). One study showed markedly higher copper in tumor tissue. Studies using ICP-OES showed lower heterogeneity. No conclusive evidence linked copper levels to clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Copper concentrations are significantly elevated in OSCC across serum and saliva. However, current evidence does not support its role as a prognostic biomarker. Standardized, prospective studies are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1010-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of amniotic membrane and titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin in root coverage: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial","authors":"Devadharshini Chandrasekar,&nbsp;Burnice Nalina Kumari Chellathurai,&nbsp;Jaideep Mahendra,&nbsp;Vijayalakshmi Rajaram","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gingival recession, particularly Cairo's RT1 and RT2 defects, presents a persistent challenge in periodontal therapy. The comparative effectiveness of soft tissue regenerative materials specifically Amniotic Membrane and Titanium-Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin (T-PRF) in the microsurgical management of these defects using the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique remains inadequately explored.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To clinically evaluate and compare the efficacy of Amniotic Membrane and T-PRF in the treatment of isolated Cairo's RT1 and RT2 gingival recession defects using the CAF technique.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A randomized, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted involving 20 patients with bilateral Cairo's RT1 and RT2 recession defects. A total of 46 sites were treated—23 with Amniotic Membrane (Group A) and 23 with T-PRF (Group B), using the CAF technique under surgical magnification. Clinical parameters assessed at baseline, 90 days, and 180 days included recession depth and width, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized gingiva, gingival thickness, and mean root coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both treatment modalities resulted in significant clinical improvements over time. However, Group B (T-PRF) demonstrated statistically superior outcomes in recession depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain, increased keratinized tissue width, greater gingival thickness, and higher mean root coverage compared to Group A (Amniotic Membrane).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>T-PRF exhibited enhanced regenerative potential over Amniotic Membrane in the management of isolated Cairo's RT1 and RT2 recession defects when used in conjunction with the CAF technique. These findings support the clinical utility of T-PRF as an effective soft tissue grafting material in periodontal plastic surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1001-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological & chemo mechanical analysis of exposed cervical dentin treated with three different desensitizing pastes (comparative in vitro study)","authors":"Manar S. Mohammad,&nbsp;Rasha H. Jehad","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obstructing dentinal tubules is a valuable approach for managing dentin hypersensitivity. Although various agents promote dentin remineralization, direct comparisons between theobromine, bioactive glass (BAG), and nano-hydroxyapatite (Nano-HAP) under simulated oral conditions remain limited. To fill this gap, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these three treatments on exposed cervical dentin. The assessment focused on their chemical, morphological, and mechanical effects on dentin.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Forty-eight human dentin slabs were obtained from the cervical portions of twelve sound premolar teeth. Baseline Raman spectroscopy and VMH tests were done to exclude outliers. All specimens were treated with 6 % citric acid (pH 2.0) for 2 min to remove the smear layer. They randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12): artificial saliva (AS), theobromine, BAG, and Nano-HAP. Evaluations were conducted using Raman spectroscopy (phosphate peak intensity at 960cm⁻¹), Vickers microhardness testing (VMH), and morphological assessment under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Theobromine, BAG, and nano-HAP groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in Raman phosphate peak intensity (960cm⁻¹) and Vickers microhardness values (p &lt; 0.05), indicating surface remineralization. In contrast, the artificial saliva group exhibited a significant decrease in phosphate peak intensity and microhardness values (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>All tested agents significantly enhanced the Raman phosphate peaks and microhardness values compared to the control. Nano-HAP showed the highest potential for promoting the remineralization of exposed dentin surfaces. Within the study's limitations, it can be concluded that theobromine, BAG, and nano-HAP are effective in occluding dentinal tubules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 982-991"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Comparison among 3 maxillomandibular fixation techniques for management of mandibular fractures – A prospective randomized study”","authors":"Devender Tigraniya,&nbsp;Ankita Dahiya,&nbsp;Virendra Singh,&nbsp;Amrish Bhagol,&nbsp;Rajiv Tanwar,&nbsp;Nilesh Bagde","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Erich arch bar has been a traditional method for maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) in the closed management of mandibular fractures, but it presents significant disadvantages, including prolonged placement time, increased risk of operator injury, and compromised oral hygiene. To address these challenges, alternative methods such as IMF screws and hybrid arch bars have been introduced.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the efficacy, advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications of three MMF techniques, IMF screws, hybrid arch bars, and Erich arch bars in the management of mandibular fractures.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This study follows the <strong>CONSORT</strong> guidelines for randomized clinical trials. A total of 45 patients with mandibular fractures were <strong>randomized</strong> into three equal groups: <strong>Group A (IMF screws), Group B (Hybrid arch bars), and Group C (Erich arch bars).</strong> Randomization was performed using a computer-generated sequence, with <strong>allocation concealment</strong> achieved through sealed opaque envelopes. <strong>Blinding was not feasible due to the nature of the interventions.</strong></div><div>The <strong>primary outcome variables</strong> included <strong>occlusal assessment and fracture reduction. Secondary outcomes</strong> included the <strong>time required for placement and removal of MMF devices, postoperative pain (VAS score), and operator-related complications such as glove perforation.</strong></div><div>Co-variates-Age, site of mandible fracture &amp; multiple fracture of mandible.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All 45 patients were included in the final analysis. <strong>Occlusion was successfully achieved in all patients except one (6.7 %) in the IMF screw group.</strong> The mean time for MMF placement and removal was highest in the Erich arch bar group, followed by the hybrid arch bar group, and was lowest in the IMF screw group (p &lt; 0.001). Glove perforation occurred in 6 Erich arch bar group subjects during placement. The mean VAS pain score was highest in the Erich arch bar group at the time of placement, at 24 h, and at 1 week (p = 0.002, 0.004, and 0.018, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>and Relevance: This study highlights that IMF screws offer a <strong>more efficient, safer, and less painful alternative</strong> for MMF compared to Erich and hybrid arch bars. Considering the shorter procedural time, reduced operator risk, and better patient comfort, <strong>IMF screws appear to be the preferred choice for the closed management of minimally to moderately displaced isolated mandibular fractures.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 992-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}