Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"Oral thin film containing rice husk liquid smoke effects on the expression of key cytokines and growth factors in a periodontitis model","authors":"Gustiadi Saputra ,&nbsp;Ira Arundina ,&nbsp;Theresia Indah Budhy ,&nbsp;Dieni Mansur ,&nbsp;Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo ,&nbsp;Cheng Hwee Ming ,&nbsp;Sheryn Marcha Ramaniasari ,&nbsp;Azzahra Salsabila Adira Moelyanto","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> is a key pathogen in periodontitis, which involves inflammation and alveolar bone loss. An imbalance of cytokines and growth factors contributes to disease progression. Rice husk liquid smoke has shown potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to formulate and characterize an oral thin film (OTF) containing rice husk liquid smoke and evaluate its antibacterial activity and biological effects in a periodontitis model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>OTFs were prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gelatin, sorbitol, and rice husk liquid smoke via solvent casting. The OTF were characterized for weight, thickness, swelling, disintegration, dissolution, and antibacterial activity against <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>. For in vivo testing, periodontitis was induced in 28 Wistar rats. OTFs were applied to periodontal pockets. Mandibular tissues were collected on days 2 and 7 for immunohistochemical analysis of IL-6, IL-10, FGF-2, and BMP-2 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The OTFs showed favorable physical properties, including low weight, appropriate thickness, and faster disintegration and dissolution times (p &lt; 0.05). Both OTF and blank films inhibited <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> growth. OTF treatment significantly decreased IL-6 and increased IL-10, FGF-2, and BMP-2 expression at both time points (p &lt; 0.05), indicating reduced inflammation and enhanced tissue regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The OTF containing rice husk liquid smoke exhibited strong antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for periodontitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1266-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the morphology of pterygoid hamulus using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study","authors":"K. Smrithy Sivadas,&nbsp;Vidya Ajila,&nbsp;Shruthi Hegde,&nbsp;Yashika Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The pterygoid hamulus develops from the medial lamella of the pterygoid process. Understanding the architecture of the pterygoid Hamulus is crucial in terms of image interpretation as well as to diagnose idiopathic pain of the oral cavity and pharynx. Apart from diagnostic implications, the pterygoid hamulus can be utilised in forensic identification by studying its variations in different age groups and genders using three-dimensional imaging modalities such as cone beam computed tomography.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, 608 Full FOV CBCT images were evaluated for the length, width, inclination, and shape of the pterygoid hamulus on both right and left sides in 4 different age groups, i.e. 20-30, 31–40, 41–50, and 51–60 years and correlated between males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Statistically significant data was obtained with the assessment of pterygoid hamulus length, width, and inclination in the age groups spanning from 20 to 60 years. The distribution of shapes, i.e., slender and triangular, was found to be statistically significant in the assessed age groups. Males had a significantly longer and wider pterygoid hamulus compared to females. No statistically significant data were obtained on mean inclination and shape distribution among males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The assessment of various parameters of pterygoid hamulus using radiographic imaging modalities such as cone beam computed tomography could help in diagnosing orofacial pain of uncertain origin as well as in forensic identification, given variations noticed with age progression and amongst males and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1254-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of optical properties of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated by pressable and CAD CAM methods – An in vitro study","authors":"Shweta A. Gaikwad,&nbsp;Amit K. Jagtap,&nbsp;V.N.V. Madhav","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this study was to compare the optical performance of pressable and milled lithium disilicate crowns, focusing on their shade-matching accuracy against the VITA Classical A1 shade guide.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>20 samples each of lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated using pressable and CAD/CAM-milled techniques and VITA A1 shade tab as the control. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical properties of the crown, namely, brightness (L∗), red-green (a∗), blue-yellow (b∗), and color difference (ΔE) values. Data obtained was analyzed statistically to assess shade-matching precision and optical differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lightness (L∗) value of the pressable group (92.22 ± 2.67) was significantly higher than that of the milled group (88.10 ± 1.08) and the control group (87.78 ± 0.08). Regarding the red–green axis (a∗), the pressable group had the highest mean value (0.97 ± 0.37), followed by milled (0.85 ± 0.24) and control (0.35 ± 0.11), showed statistically significant differences. In terms of yellow-blue chroma (b), the pressable crowns recorded the highest value (14.89 ± 0.99), followed by the control (14.43 ± 0.07) and milled (13.56 ± 0.25). Milled crowns exhibited a significantly lower ΔE (1.49 ± 0.42) compared to pressable crowns (4.71 ± 2.55).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Milled lithium disilicate crowns showed superior shade-matching accuracy, which exhibited lower color difference (ΔE) values, inferring closer color alignment with the A1 standard. Pressable crowns showed enhanced translucency and esthetic vibrancy as contributed by higher brightness and chromatic intensity, but exhibited greater variability in color matching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1248-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of metastatic tumor epithelial cells and their stemness-in lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinoma-a RT-LAMP pilot study","authors":"Vandrangi Sameer kumar ,&nbsp;M.B. Radhika ,&nbsp;Soumya Makarla ,&nbsp;Dipti Patil ,&nbsp;Joyeeta Mitra ,&nbsp;Silpa Madhuri Chikkala ,&nbsp;Shruthi Singh ,&nbsp;Sravya Reddy Katikela","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1238-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the salivary microbiome using deep-sea marine bacterial strains: A pilot study","authors":"Krishnasamy Nitya MDS,PhD ,&nbsp;Aishwarya Arya MDS ,&nbsp;Kochli Channapa Niranjan MDS ,&nbsp;Vikram S. Amberkar MDS","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The oral microbiome is a critical determinant of both local and systemic health. Dysbiosis, particularly the overgrowth of pathogenic taxa, is implicated in various oral diseases and may contribute to extraoral inflammatory conditions. Although probiotics derived from gut commensals have shown some efficacy, their application to the oral cavity is limited by environmental incompatibility. Marine bacteria, especially those adapted to extreme environments, offer a novel therapeutic avenue due to their inherent antimicrobial and biofilm-disruptive properties.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This pilot study investigated the potential of deep-sea marine bacterial strains—<em>Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus</em> and <em>Pseudoalteromonas</em> spp<em>.</em>—to modulate the salivary microbiome by suppressing oral pathogens and enriching beneficial commensal species.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized, controlled, two-arm parallel design was employed involving 20 healthy adult participants. Subjects were assigned either to a Treatment Group (n = 10), receiving a marine-derived bacterial mouthwash for seven days, or a Control Group (n = 10) with no intervention. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Microbial profiling was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and species-specific quantitative PCR. Analyses included paired t-tests, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and microbial network inference to assess changes in microbial abundance and community structure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Treatment Group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> (p &lt; 0.001 for both), alongside increases in <em>Streptococcus sanguinis</em> and <em>Veillonella</em> spp. (p &lt; 0.001). PCA revealed a distinct shift in microbial composition post-treatment, with clustering patterns not observed in the Control Group. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated a restructuring of microbial interactions, suggestive of a shift toward a more stable and health-associated microbiome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The application of marine-derived bacterial strains was associated with favorable modulation of the oral microbiome, including suppression of key pathogens and enhancement of beneficial taxa. While preliminary, these findings highlight the therapeutic promise of marine probiotics as a biologically selective and ecologically supportive approach to oral health. Larger, placebo-controlled studies are warranted to confirm efficacy, assess long-term effects, and evaluate clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1169-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of calcium hydroxide and adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ADSCs-CM) combination on reparative dentin formation in Wistar rats through RUNX-2 and OPN expression","authors":"Radixtio Auzan Fepiosandi ,&nbsp;Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum ,&nbsp;Galih Sampoerno ,&nbsp;Anuj Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Ajinkya M. Pawar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vital pulp exposure requires effective pulp capping to preserve the vitality and function of the dental pulp. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is widely used as a pulp capping agent; however, it has significant limitations, including the formation of reparative dentin with tunnel defects. These defects may compromise long-term success. Adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ADSCs-CM) has shown regenerative potential through paracrine mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of combining Ca(OH)₂ with ADSCs-CM on the expression of odontogenic markers RUNX-2 and osteopontin (OPN), and secondarily to assess the histological characteristics of reparative dentin in healthy Wistar rats.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>An in vivo experimental study was conducted using twelve healthy female Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>), randomly divided into control (Ca(OH)₂ only) and treatment (Ca(OH)₂ + ADSCs-CM in a 2:1 ratio) groups (n = 6/group). Class V cavities were prepared with standardized pulp exposure. Following hemostasis, the respective materials were applied and sealed with glass ionomer cement. Histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical assessment of RUNX-2 and OPN expression were performed on days 1, 3, and 6. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t-tests (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RUNX-2 and OPN expressions were significantly higher in the treatment group at all time points (p &lt; 0.05), with peak levels observed on day 6. Histologically, the treatment group exhibited more homogeneous and better organized reparative dentin compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The addition of ADSCs-CM to Ca(OH)₂ enhances reparative dentinogenesis by upregulating RUNX-2 and OPN expression. This combination therapy may serve as a biologically favorable alternative for direct pulp capping procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1162-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of periodontal ligament cell viability for an avulsed tooth using various storage media: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Anushka Gayan ,&nbsp;T.R. Chaitra ,&nbsp;Seema Chaudhary ,&nbsp;T.L. Ravishankar ,&nbsp;Supinder Sudan ,&nbsp;Bornisha Bezborah","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many storage mediums are available for the storage of avulsed teeth to preserve the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells before replantation; however, it is unclear which medium is the optimal option<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various storage media in preserving the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, using Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) as a reference standard for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Review method</h3><div>This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The database including Medline (via. PUBMED), Scopus, The Cochrane Controlled Clinical trials Register, Google scholar were thoroughly searched from 2014 to 2024. The reference articles which have been retrived were exported to Mendeley Desktop software 1.13.3.43.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>HBSS medium did not show significant difference in cell viability when compared with placentrix (Mean difference: 0.56, 95 % CI(-5.64,-0.04), p = 0.05, I2 = 96 %), whereas aloevera showed superior cell viability compared to HBSS. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: This systematic review and MA suggests that placentrex and aloevera could represent an alternative to HBSS. However, more studies are necessary to obtain a reliable conclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1157-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of sodium dichloroisocyanurate and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis: A comparative in-vitro study","authors":"Rasmina K. Nizar,&nbsp;Anju Varughese,&nbsp;M. Remya,&nbsp;V.P. Prabath Singh,&nbsp;Gayathri Usha,&nbsp;Gayathri Presannakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optimal healing of periapical tissues by completely eradicating root canal infection is the primary goal of endodontic therapy. The use of intracanal medication enhances the antibacterial efficacy of endodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) with a formulation of calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) and 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis).</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Fifty-two single-rooted teeth were subjected to endodontic instrumentation and inoculation with E. faecalis microbial suspension. After 14 days, the root canals of each tooth were ground with a Peeso reamer to procure the dentine chips. Colony-forming units (CFU-1) were counted after 24 h of incubation. Intracanal medicaments: NaDCC, HICA, and (Ca (OH)2) plus 2 % CHX were placed in the tooth and incubated for 14 days. The antibacterial effects of the intracanal medicaments were measured using CFU testing at three-time intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Inter-group analysis utilized one-way ANOVA for statistical analysis, and within-group analysis employed repeated-measures ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. NaDCC exhibited a significantly lower CFU count compared to HICA (p-value = .000) and Ca (OH)₂ + 2 % CHX (p-value = .000). HICA showed a significantly lower CFU count than Ca (OH)₂ + 2 % CHX (p-value = .009) after 24 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NaDCC and HICA demonstrate potent antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis, suggesting their potential as an alternative intracanal medicament for endodontic infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1149-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic distribution of affordable dental care services through educational institutes in India: A national level GIS-based mapping study","authors":"Varkey Nadakkavukaran Santhosh ,&nbsp;Arshad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Rhea Vas ,&nbsp;S.R. Apoorva ,&nbsp;U. Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Vaibhav Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Access to affordable dental care remains a significant challenge in India, particularly for populations in rural and underserved regions. Dental colleges, through their teaching hospitals, serve as one of the key providers of low-cost dental healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate geographic disparities in the distribution of dental colleges and their postgraduate specializations across India using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with implications for equitable healthcare planning<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted from January to April 2025. Data on all recognized dental colleges and their postgraduate offerings in nine dental specialties were obtained from the Dental Council of India. Geocoding was carried out using verified official addresses. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS software. Additional demographic and administrative data were sourced from the Census of India and government records. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze differences across zones and ownership types.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 329 dental colleges were mapped, with significant disparities observed across states and zones. Densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar showed a low presence of government institutions, indicating reliance on private colleges. South zone, particularly state of Karnataka, exhibited a higher concentration of institutions, largely private. Postgraduate specializations were also unevenly distributed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This national GIS-based mapping reveals critical geographic inequities in access to affordable dental care through educational institutions. Findings highlight the need for strategic policy interventions to enhance public sector presence in underserved areas and ensure equitable oral healthcare access across India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1141-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-driven approaches in the management of early childhood caries: A path toward global oral health","authors":"Prajna P. Nayak,&nbsp;Vabitha Shetty,&nbsp;Shreya S,&nbsp;Liza Zacharias,&nbsp;Isha Gore","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with paediatric dentistry has unveiled transformative possibilities, particularly in mitigating the global burden of a prevalent yet preventable oral health issue, namely early childhood caries (ECC). ECC affects millions of children worldwide, leading to significant health, developmental, and economic challenges. This paper explores the application of AI-driven technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, in the detection, diagnosis, risk assessment, and management of ECC.</div></div><div><h3>Brief summary</h3><div>AI models leveraging dental radiographs and intraoral photographs have demonstrated high accuracy in caries detection, while predictive algorithms facilitate the identification of high-risk groups using patient demographics, behavioural data, and even genetic markers. Smartphone applications equipped with AI capabilities, such as AICaries, empower caregivers with tools for at-home caries screening, enhancing accessibility and fostering preventive care.</div><div>Today, AI's role extends to optimizing healthcare utilization patterns and advancing personalized treatment strategies, particularly in underserved regions where traditional resources are scarce. Efforts to develop diverse training datasets have not eliminated biases leading to concerns about fairness, discrimination and privacy. Further, unregulated AI applications may worsen rather than reduce health disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for future research</h3><div>This review underscores the potential of AI to revolutionize ECC prevention and management, paving the way for equitable oral healthcare globally. It advocates for further interdisciplinary research to refine AI tools, address practical challenges, and support the development of evidence-based policies for widespread implementation. Ultimately, AI emerges as a pivotal advancement in transitioning from disease management to proactive oral health care strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1134-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}