Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"E-Cadherin is a diagnostic biomarker in the progression of oral epithelial dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Dhanusree Kani ,&nbsp;Vindhya Savithri ,&nbsp;Rakesh Suresh ,&nbsp;Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam ,&nbsp;Mahija Janardhanan ,&nbsp;Thara Aravind","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a common cancer of head and neck region with poor prognosis and may sometimes show a premalignant stage. Cell-cell adhesion molecules play an important role in the process of malignant transformation. E-cadherin, a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule, plays a crucial role in maintaining cell polarity and adhesion of epithelial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess the expression of E-cadherin in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cells carcinoma and compare it to unremarkable oral mucosa.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study comprised a total sample size of 80 with 10 cases of unremarkable oral mucosa which is the control group, 40 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. One section was stained with haematoxylin and eosin to confirm the histopathological diagnosis and other section was stained immunohistochemically with E-cadherin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that E-cadherin expression was strongly positive in unremarkable mucosal epithelium, reduced in oral epithelial dysplasia, and gradually decreased as it progressed to oral squamous cell carcinoma. These findings were found to be statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found a correlation between E-cadherin expression loss and oral squamous cell carcinoma progression, suggesting that E-cadherin can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia and predict disease prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 508-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indocyanine green mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A non-invasive treatment approach for chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Priyanka Agarwal,&nbsp;Pratibha Shashikumar,&nbsp;Rakshitha S","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Periodontitis is a destructive chronic inflammatory disorder of the periodontium and is a major cause of loss of teeth. Uncontrolled diabetes affects periodontal status and chronic periodontitis affects the glycemic status. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy is often not sufficient in completely eliminating the pathogens. Hence antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), is being used in medically compromised patients as it does not cause adverse effects that are seen with other adjunctive treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using Indocyanine green as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis in controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. The objective to see improvements in clinical parameters and microbiological parameters along with its effect on glycemic levels.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this randomized controlled clinical trial a total of 40 chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM were randomly assigned into test and control groups of 18 participants each. The test group received.</div><div>Scaling and root planing (SRP) + aPDT) while the control group received only SRP. In SRP + aPDT group, pockets were irradiated with a diode laser after irrigation with Indocyanine green. Assessment of clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth, (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as microbiological analysis for <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)</em> and <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetem comitans (Aa)</em> was done at baseline &amp; 3 months post-therapy and data were statistically analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>aPDT as an adjunct to SRP improved clinical and microbiological parameters. A statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) was noted on intergroup comparison with respect to PD, CAL, and colony forming units (CFU/ml) of Pg and Aa. There was an improvement in HbA1c levels from baseline to 3 months in both the groups however, there was no significant difference between the groups at 3 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The use of Indocyanine green mediated aPDT as adjuvant therapy in treatment of chronic periodontitis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients resulted in significant reduction in microbial counts as well as rendered additional clinical benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>aPDT as adjunctive therapy to SRP can be a non-invasive treatment of choice for chronic periodontitis in medically compromised patients like Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 525-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal physical therapy approach for the management of patients with temporomandibular disorder: Randomized control trial","authors":"Ramesh Chandra Patra ,&nbsp;Biswajit Kanungo ,&nbsp;A. Yashudas ,&nbsp;Patitapaban Mohanty ,&nbsp;Gurleen Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are musculoskeletal disorders frequently seen in physiotherapy and dental practices, affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and central nervous system. A multimodal treatment could be more beneficial with limitations of traditional treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this research was to compare the outcomes of cranio-mandibular stabilisation exercises and a structured manual therapy protocol on pain reduction in TMD patients. A secondary purpose was to quantify improvements in mechanical tenderness and active mouth function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-blind, randomized trial recruited 146 participants (95 women, 51 men) aged 18–50 years with TMD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to maintain allocation concealment. The intervention was standardized, administered by skilled physical therapists. Validated instruments measured outcomes, namely pain intensity, mechanical tenderness and active mouth function tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants receiving cranio-mandibular stabilisation and manual therapy had significantly greater improvements in pain (P = 0.001, 95 %), mechanical tenderness (P = 0.001, 95 %) and active mouth function (P = 0.001, 95 %) compared to controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that a multimodal treatment of cranio-mandibular stabilisation and structured manual therapy significantly decreases pain and improves mechanical tenderness and active mouth function in TMD patients. Future research should include long-term follow-up to assess effect sustainability and optimize treatment protocols for maximum benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the biological, physical, mechanical and chemical properties of orthodontic primer modified by nano-chitosan loaded with bioactive materials","authors":"Lara Riyadh Al-Banaa ,&nbsp;Ali R. Al-Khatib ,&nbsp;Fawzi Habeeb Jabrail","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary objective was to evaluate the antibacterial and remineralizing effects of modified orthodontic primer containing nano-chitosan loaded with bioactive materials (gallic acid and calcium phosphate). The secondary objectives were to assess the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the adhesive primer.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The chitosan loaded with gallic acid and calcium phosphate was prepared and characterized by FESEM-EDX. Then it was mixed with Transbond XT primer at two different concentrations to prepare 3 groups: Control, 5 % and 10 % Nano-Chitosan/Gallic acid + Calcium Phosphate Primer (NC/GACP). The primer groups were evaluated based on their Shear Bond Strength (SBS), Adhesive Remanent Index (ARI), Wettability, Degree of Conversion (DC), Antibacterial and Remineralization properties. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, all significant differences were set at P &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The modified primer groups containing 5 % and 10 % NC/GACP showed a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in SBS and DC compared to the control group, with no significant differences observed in wettability. The ARI scores were mainly 3 meaning all the adhesive remained on the enamel after debonding. Additionally, both modified primer groups exhibited significant antibacterial activity (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the 5 % NC/GACP primer group showed the highest calcium and phosphate weight percentages and Ca/P ratio compared to the other groups (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The orthodontic primer modified by nano-chitosan/gallic acid + calcium phosphate can be considered a novel antimicrobial and remineralizing adhesive that enhances the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the adhesive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 500-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To evaluate the effect of oral zinc supplementation on salivary MMP-8 levels in periodontitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","authors":"Vishakha Gupta ,&nbsp;Pavitra Rastogi ,&nbsp;Sadhna Ajay ,&nbsp;Nand Lal ,&nbsp;Umesh Pratap Verma ,&nbsp;Rameshwari Singhal ,&nbsp;Anjani Kumar Pathak ,&nbsp;Nitu Nigam ,&nbsp;Paridhi Rastogi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health. Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the gums and surrounding tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral zinc supplementation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis by evaluating its effects on clinical parameters and salivary MMP-8 level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>42 patients were enrolled in the study from the periodontology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in India. The subjects were divided into two groups: group 1 and group 2 consisting of 21 patients each of moderate to severe periodontitis. Group 1 was given oral zinc supplementation along with scaling and root planing (SRP) and group 2 was given placebo tablet along with SRP for 1 month. Several periodontal parameters were assessed, including Papillary bleeding Index (BI), Gingival index (GI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment level (CAL) at baseline as well as at 1 month post treatment. Around 3 ml of whole unstimulated saliva was collected for MMP-8 estimation by ELISA method at baseline as well as at 1 month.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. All clinical parameters and MMP-8 level in saliva were comparable at baseline. 1 month after respective treatment modalities were performed in each group, it was found that all clinical parameters and salivary MMP-8 level showed significant differences with group 1 (zinc + SRP) showing highly significant decrease in GI, PPD and CAL (p &lt; 0.01) and significant decrease in BI and salivary MMP-8 level when compared to group 2 (placebo + SRP) (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>When compared with scaling and root planing alone, the administration of oral zinc supplementation along with scaling and root planing showed greater reduction in clinical parameters and salivary MMP-8 levels in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. Zinc has a positive effect in management of periodontitis and can serve as an easy, cost effective, harmless and beneficial adjunct in treatment of periodontitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 493-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taste perception and muscular response: EMG based experimental evaluation","authors":"Bhavya Rohatgi ,&nbsp;Ramya Ramadoss ,&nbsp;K. Nitya ,&nbsp;Sandhya Sundar ,&nbsp;Suganya Panneer Selvam ,&nbsp;K. Hema Shree","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Taste perception influences not only flavor preference but also the physiological processes of chewing and digestion. Each primary taste—sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami—affects specific receptors and shapes masticatory muscle activity, notably in the temporalis and masseter muscles. Limited research exists on how taste affects muscle synergy (coordinated activation) and symmetry (balanced activation) in chewing. Using surface electromyography (EMG), this study examines how different tastes impact these muscle dynamics, offering insights relevant to dentistry, nutrition, and food science.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included five healthy participants aged 18–22 years. EMG recordings were conducted on the temporalis anterior and masseter muscles. Each participant chewed five distinct jelly formulations (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami) prepared with standardized flavours. The muscle activity was analyzed to determine the effects of taste on muscle synergy (right and left temporalis and masseter) and symmetry (temporalis and masseter). Paired t-tests and ANOVA were used to assess statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed taste-dependent variations in muscle synergy and symmetry. Sweet and salty tastes increased muscle synergy, while bitter and umami decreased it. Minimal changes were observed in the symmetry of the temporalis muscle across taste conditions, while the symmetry of the anterior masseter showed notable variations, especially with salty and umami. However, statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in muscle synergy or symmetry between jelly and non-jelly conditions across all taste stimuli (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the complexity of the neuromuscular response to taste perception, suggesting potential subtle influences of taste on muscle activity. Future research with a larger sample size and advanced statistical methods may further elucidate the role of taste in modulating masticatory muscle function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 472-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidants for the management of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Divya Gopinath ,&nbsp;Sara Ibrahim Waki ,&nbsp;Kwok Fu Cheah ,&nbsp;Swagatika Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant disorder characterized by non-scrabble white lesions that may turn into invasive carcinoma if left untreated. Few antioxidant treatments have shown promising results in the regression of lesions and prevention of their progression to carcinoma. We aim to summarize the current evidence on the effectiveness of antioxidants in the management of OL.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The present systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and involved a thorough search of three scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. We used specific algorithms related to the keywords “antioxidant” and “Oral leukoplakia” to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have explored the utility of antioxidants in the management of OL. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB 2.0), ensuring the reliability of our findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 2490 articles retrieved, only thirteen RCTs involving 1147 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Lycopene was found to be the most consistently effective antioxidant, showing significant effectiveness in reducing lesion size, both in oral and topical forms. The trials incorporating other antioxidants, including vitamin A, vitamin C, β-carotene, and curcumin, demonstrated mixed results. Severe heterogeneity was detected in treatment forms, dosage, administration frequency, treatment duration, and follow-up time among all included trials.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lycopene may play a significant role in the non-surgical management of OL. Future research with large-scale, well-designed, randomized controlled trials with standardized dosing, delivery methods, and outcome measures is mandatory to provide more robust evidence on the available antioxidant therapy for OL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 484-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of pericervical dentin in mandibular second primary molars through stress distribution analysis: A finite element study","authors":"Selvakumar Haridoss ,&nbsp;Mathan Rajan R ,&nbsp;Anbarasi K ,&nbsp;Vijayaragavan E ,&nbsp;Kavitha Swaminathan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to quantify the Pericervical Dentin (PCD) in the mandibular second primary molar and its role in maintaining structural integrity under masticatory loads using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). By identifying the distribution and stress-bearing capacity of PCD, we aim to recommend treatment protocols that maintain PCD to improve fracture resistance in pediatric endodontics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 3D model of a mandibular second primary molar was generated from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans and analyzed using FEA software. Simulated masticatory loads of 353.64 N (maximum), 169.3 N (mean), and 8.05 N (minimum) were applied at angles of 0°, 45°, and 90° to represent vertical, lateral, and maximum masticatory forces. PCD was quantified by measuring stress distribution along buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal surfaces.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed that the stress-bearing region in the mandibular second primary molar extends approximately 1–1.5 mm from the Cemento-enamel Junction (CEJ) towards the coronal aspect and 1–1.5 mm from the CEJ towards the radicular aspect, creating a critical 3 mm zone of PCD. The highest stress was consistently found within this PCD zone across on all surfaces of the tooth, highlighting its importance for the tooth’s structural stability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A quantitative analysis of the 3 mm PCD zone (coronal and radicular aspect from the CEJ) emphasizes its critical role in strengthening teeth. Based on these findings, we recommend conservative cavity preparation in pediatric endodontics on preserving PCD to avoid structural weakening and improve long-term clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 478-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan from sea urchin (Diadema setosum) spines for orthodontic miniscrews: Antibacterial effects against key oral pathogens","authors":"Karima Qurnia Mansjur ,&nbsp;Eka Erwansyah ,&nbsp;Ardiansyah S Pawinru ,&nbsp;Mansjur Nasir ,&nbsp;Arni Irawaty Djais ,&nbsp;Virgino Calvine Sumule ,&nbsp;Nurnabilla Syfadewi Attaya ,&nbsp;Dian Yosi Arinawaty ,&nbsp;Islamy Rahma Hutami ,&nbsp;Andi Dian Permana","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Peri-implantitis, exacerbated microbial growth characterized by progressive bone loss and soft-tissue inflammation, significantly contributes to miniscrew failure during orthodontic treatment. Using a natural antibacterial coating presents an innovative approach to combat bacterial colonization. Sea urchin (<em>Diadema setosum</em>) spines containing chitosan (CS) exhibit notable antibacterial properties and biocompatibility effects. This study investigates the antimicrobial potential of CS from sea urchin spines applied onto the surfaces of orthodontic miniscrews, aiming to mitigate the impact of peri-implantitis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The surface functional groups, phase composition, and crystal structure of CS were investigated using traditional examination methods alongside energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The antibacterial activity of CS was evaluated against three bacteria by the disk diffusion method, minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Stainless steel miniscrews were coated with CS, and the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>Sea urchin-derived chitosan demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against key oral pathogens associated with peri-implantitis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 ppm against <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> and 32 ppm for both <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</em> and <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 4 ppm for <em>A. actinomycetemcomitans</em> and 16 ppm for both <em>F. nucleatum</em> and <em>P. gingivalis,</em> indicating its strong bactericidal potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that sea urchin chitosan effectively adhered to the surface of orthodontic miniscrews, showcasing its potential as a functional antimicrobial coating. These results emphasize the capability of sea urchin chitosan to target key oral pathogens, offering a promising approach to enhance microbial resistance and improve outcomes in orthodontic treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supernumerary teeth: A pictorial review and revised classification","authors":"Christy Lana Davidson ,&nbsp;Chané Smit ,&nbsp;Sulette Nel","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current literature regarding supernumerary teeth poses the risk of confusion as ambiguity in the terminology and classification of supernumerary teeth permits differing interpretations.</div><div>Uncertainty in this regard distorts data on the true incidence and prevalence of supernumerary teeth. This pictorial review provides an overview of the current understanding regarding the development of supernumerary teeth, their positional and morphological classification, and eruptive alterations. We highlight the ambiguity in defining supernumerary teeth and propose an updated classification for the description of these teeth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 454-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}