Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Late-onset optic disc swelling-type Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: diagnostic value of longitudinal multimodal imaging.","authors":"Tetiana Goncharova, Sara Garcia-Hidalgo, Oscar Balaguer Sole, Armand Pairó-Salvador, Yann Bertolani, Eric Kirkegaard-Biosca, Laura Distefano","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00616-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00616-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe an atypical late-onset presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease initially interpreted as autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) in association with an ovarian teratoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 59-year-old woman presented with bilateral optic disc edema, visual field defects, and headache following a flu-like illness. Comprehensive ophthalmologic, neurologic, and systemic evaluation was performed, including multimodal ocular imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis with antibody testing, and neuroimaging. Clinical course and response to corticosteroid therapy were assessed longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial findings, including CSF anti-GFAP positivity, lymphocytic pleocytosis, white matter lesions, and an ovarian teratoma, supported a diagnosis of GFAP-A. However, sequential multimodal imaging revealed diffuse, steroid-responsive choroidal inflammation with choroidal thickening, folds, mild subretinal fluid, hypocyanescent dark dots on indocyanine green angiography, fluorescein angiography pinpoints, and bilateral hot discs. Granulomatous anterior uveitis and subsequent choroidal depigmentation further supported VKH. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was also consistent with this diagnosis. The longitudinal ocular phenotype proved more consistent with VKH than with primary astrocytopathy-related optic neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Late-onset VKH may present predominantly with optic disc edema and central nervous system involvement, closely mimicking inflammatory neurologic disease. Recognition of subtle choroidal inflammation and integration of longitudinal multimodal imaging are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and guide appropriate immunosuppressive management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocardia brasiliensis endophthalmitis initially misdiagnosed as uveitis: a case report.","authors":"Xue Zhang, Liping Du, Xuemin Jin, Jingjing Sun, Guangqi An, Lin Li, Peizeng Yang, Fuzhen Li","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00602-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00602-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia brasiliensis is extremely rare and typically affects immunocompromised individuals, frequently leading to severe vision loss due to diagnostic delays. We report a case of N. brasiliensis endophthalmitis in an older man without prior history of systemic immunosuppression but with newly identified diabetes mellitus, characterized by an indolent initial course followed by fulminant progression.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 67-year-old man without known systemic immunosuppression presented with a two-month history of recurrent right-eye pain and redness, followed by rapid vision loss and a hypopyon. Aqueous humor analysis and metagenomic sequencing identified N. brasiliensis. Despite intravitreal amikacin, systemic antimicrobial therapy, and subsequent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, intraocular inflammation advanced, resulting in worsening corneal opacification, irreversible structural damage, and a final best-corrected visual acuity of light perception.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>N. brasiliensis endophthalmitis may progress rapidly and result in severe, irreversible ocular damage, even in patients without overt systemic immunodeficiency. Early microbiologic identification and prompt, targeted antimicrobial therapy combined with timely surgical intervention are critical, although visual outcomes may remain poor in advanced cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occlusive retinal vasculopathy on ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography in intraocular cytomegalovirus infection: a case series.","authors":"Anamika Patel, Ilaria Testi, Harry Petrushkin, Carlos Pavesio","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00606-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00606-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe ultrawide-field fluorescein angiographic features of extensive retinal capillary non-perfusion in eyes with intraocular cytomegalovirus infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, single-centre observational study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five patients (six eyes) with intraocular CMV infection were included (mean age 62 years; range 20-84). All eyes showed widespread retinal haemorrhages without features of classical oedematous/haemorrhagic necrotising cytomegalovirus retinitis. In eyes with retinitis, the lesions showed a granular phenotype.Three eyes presented with hypertensive uveitis and raised intraocular pressure without neovascularisation. Ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography demonstrated extensive capillary non-perfusion involving both arterioles and venules, reflecting a predominantly occlusive vasculopathy. Vitreous haemorrhage occurred in three eyes, and one progressed to phthisis bulbi despite virological control. Predisposing factors included haematological malignancy, severe malnutrition, local corticosteroid implantation, diabetes with preceding shingles, and systemic immunomodulatory therapy. All the patients received systemic and intravitreal anti viral treatment and were additionally treated for the raised intraocular pressure and respective complications secondary to retinal ischemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraocular cytomegalovirus infection in non-human-immunodeficiency-virus patients may present as hypertensive uveitis with an occlusive pan-retinal vasculopathy, with or without retinitis, best recognised on ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography. Antiviral therapy and laser may achieve initial control but are insufficient alone; long-term monitoring and patient counselling are essential to address recurrent haemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of corneal intrastromal voriconazole injection as an adjuvant approach in recalcitrant fungal keratitis.","authors":"Khaled El Ghonemy Said, Nada Mohammed Aggour, Ahmed Ibrahim Basiony","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00599-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00599-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal keratitis is a sight-threatening condition that accounts for approximately 30-40% of keratitis cases in developing countries. Its management remains challenging despite the availability of various antifungal agents, highlighting the potential role of targeted drug delivery in recalcitrant cases.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of corneal intrastromal voriconazole (ISV) injection in the management of fungal keratitis unresponsive to conventional antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective interventional case series included 21 eyes of 21 patients with smear-positive fungal keratitis that failed to respond to at least two weeks of topical antifungal therapy. All patients underwent detailed ophthalmological examination and ulcer assessment using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Intrastromal voriconazole (50 µg/0.1 mL) was administered circumferentially around the ulcer. Treatment response was evaluated through serial follow-up, including assessment of ulcer size, infiltrate extent, hypopyon level, presence of satellite lesions, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 57.19 ± 6.74 years, with a predominance of males (76.2%). Most patients were from rural areas (76.2%) and had a history of vegetative trauma (71.4%). The mean ulcer size was 4.64 ± 0.95 mm, and the mean infiltrate size was 6.43 ± 1.29 mm. Hypopyon was present in 57.1% of cases, and the mean ulcer depth measured by AS-OCT was 257.14 ± 68.12 μm. Aspergillus was the most isolated organism (52.4%). BCVA improved significantly from 2.71 ± 0.46 LogMAR at baseline to 1.34 ± 0.68 at 3 months (P < 0.001). Complete resolution was achieved in 19 patients (90.5%). Fourteen patients (66.7%) responded to a single injection, while five (23.8%) and two (9.5%) required two and three injections, respectively. Most cases (84.2%) resolved within 2-4 weeks. Two patients (9.5%) showed disease progression and required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty and were excluded from the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrastromal voriconazole injection appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment for recalcitrant fungal keratitis, improving clinical outcomes and potentially reducing the need for therapeutic or tectonic keratoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophthalmitis caused by Shinella species: the first case report.","authors":"Qibin Xiao, Bin Chen, Zhike Xu, Zhiwei Cui","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00610-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00610-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endophthalmitis is a severe intraocular infection associated with potentially devastating visual outcomes. Shinella, a Gram-negative bacillus commonly found in water and soil, has never been reported as a cause of human disease.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 49-year-old female farmer presented with a 7-day history of vision loss, ocular irritation, and ophthalmalgia in her right eye. She had been previously misdiagnosed and treated with high-dose systemic corticosteroids at another institution. She underwent emergent pars plana vitrectomy. Vitreous samples were analyzed using conventional culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which identified Shinella species as the predominant pathogen. Intravitreal amikacin and systemic ceftazidime were initiated on postoperative day 3 after culture confirmed Gram-negative bacilli. Two weeks of targeted antibiotic therapy resulted in complete resolution of intraocular inflammation and near-full visual recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intraocular infection caused by Shinella species. This case highlights Shinella as a potential ocular pathogen and demonstrates the utility of pars plana vitrectomy combined with mNGS for diagnosing atypical intraocular infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clusters of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: diagnostic and sterilization challenges.","authors":"Thibaud Mathis, Alper Bilgic, Lucas Sejournet, Perfecto Cagampang, Laurent Kodjikian, Aditya Sudhalkar","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00587-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00587-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe two consecutive postoperative endophthalmitis clusters-one caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and the other by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-linked to a defective autoclave sterilization process in a single tertiary eye hospital in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed 25 cases of postoperative endophthalmitis between April and August 2024. The first cluster included 21 eyes infected with NTM, while the second involved 4 eyes infected with P. aeruginosa. Clinical data, microbiological findings, management strategies, and outcomes were analyzed. Environmental cultures and sterilization protocols were also reviewed to identify the source of contamination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first cluster presented insidiously, with symptoms appearing on average 40.4 ± 7.3 days postoperatively. Cultures revealed Mycobacterium abscessus, M. fortuitum, or M. brisbaneii in 18 of 21 eyes. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal vancomycin, ceftazidime, and dexamethasone, followed by oral linezolid. Visual recovery was favorable in most cases (20/21 eyes), with only one progressing to phthisis. The second cluster, occurring shortly thereafter, involved four cases of acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by P. aeruginosa. Three eyes recovered useful vision, while one developed phthisis. Investigation revealed a defective autoclaving protocol as the common source of infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These consecutive clusters highlight how minor deviations in sterilization protocols, compounded by high ambient humidity, can precipitate catastrophic outbreaks. Prompt identification, aggressive treatment, and reinforcement of sterilization standards prevented recurrence and resulted in excellent outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis associated with Epstein-Barr virus-induced retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient.","authors":"Maria Carmela Saturno, Danilo Iannetta, Ngoc Chau Nguyen, Lorette Leon, Marc D de Smet","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00611-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00611-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a rare case of concomitant Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) retinochoroiditis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient, successfully treated with a combined intravitreal and systemic therapeutic approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 52-year-old immunocompetent woman with recurrent bilateral Tg retinochoroiditis presented with reactivation in the left eye unresponsive to standard antiparasitic therapy. Comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy with vitreous biopsy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR analysis of the vitreous sample confirmed the presence of both Tg and EBV. Intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) was initiated and administered over an 8-week period in combination with ongoing intravitreal clindamycin and systemic antiparasitic therapy, together with systemic acyclovir (800 mg three times daily). The patient demonstrated progressive clinical improvement, with stabilization of visual acuity and retinal morphology on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Serial vitreous PCR monitoring revealed a gradual decline in Tg and EBV loads until both pathogens became undetectable. No recurrence occurred during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report describes a rare case of Tg-EBV coinfection-related retinochoroiditis in an immunocompetent patient. The favorable outcome observed after initiation of intravitreal MTX, in combination with systemic acyclovir, suggests that MTX may have contributed to disease control through immunomodulatory suppression of B-cell proliferation and possible antiviral effects. This case underscores the importance of considering coinfection in atypical or treatment-refractory retinochoroiditis, even in immunocompetent hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A viral uveitis masquerade: PCR-confirmed Listeria monocytogenes necrotizing chorioretinitis complicated by secondary macular hole.","authors":"Hai Xuan Ho, Thanh Ngoc Tran, Thoa Thi Doan, Loan Thi Hoang, Lan Huong Thi Tran","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00613-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00613-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Listeria monocytogenes is a rare ocular pathogen, and posterior segment infection is particularly uncommon. When it involves the retina, its presentation may overlap with viral hypertensive uveitis or necrotizing viral retinitis, especially in eyes with unilateral ocular hypertension, iris atrophy, and chronic recurrent inflammation. This diagnostic overlap may delay recognition of an unusual bacterial cause.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A 23-year-old male presented with progressive visual loss in the left eye after a five-year history of recurrent unilateral ocular redness and previously documented marked ocular hypertension. Examination revealed panuveitis with patchy iris stromal atrophy, pigment dispersion, vitreous inflammation, old peripapillary chorioretinal scars, and an active necrotizing chorioretinal lesion involving the macula, associated with retinal hemorrhage and a secondary macular hole. The initial impression was viral hypertensive uveitis with necrotizing chorioretinitis. Aqueous PCR for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus was negative, while bacterial multi-nested PCR detected L. monocytogenes. After oral and topical moxifloxacin were added to anti-inflammatory treatment, active intraocular inflammation had clinically resolved by 30 days, the necrotizing chorioretinal lesion evolved into an inactive scar, and the secondary macular hole progressively decreased in size before closing spontaneously. No systemic illness or immunocompromising condition was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case expands the spectrum of ocular listeriosis in the posterior segment and highlights L. monocytogenes as a rare cause of necrotizing chorioretinitis that may masquerade as viral hypertensive uveitis. Aqueous PCR can be decisive when the presentation is atypical or when the response to initial empirical treatment is incomplete. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PCR-confirmed L. monocytogenes necrotizing chorioretinitis complicated by secondary macular hole formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) presenting to a Canadian tertiary care centre: a 5-year retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Cody Lo, Jeffrey M Mah, Carol Tadrous, Peter Greenstreet, Hong-An Nguyen, Chloe C Gottlieb","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00608-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00608-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the contemporary management and outcomes of patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) at a tertiary Canadian hospital over a 5-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who presented to The Ottawa Hospital (Ottawa, Canada) and were newly diagnosed with ARN between January 2019 and July 2024. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was retinal detachment. Secondary outcomes were severe vision loss and other complications associated with ARN. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with develop of the primary and secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 eyes amongst 14 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age at presentation was 56 years old, with 57% male. 5 patients (36%) had a known history of previous systemic herpetic infection. The most common exam findings on presentation were anterior chamber cell (94%), keratitic precipitates (88%), vitritis (94%), and arteritis (75%). Aqueous humor serology was positive for 96% of eyes (56% for VZV and 40% for HSV). Eyes received an average of 5.8 injections (range 1 to 17) of intravitreal antiviral therapy. Corticosteroids were administered in 13 patients (81%). Prophylactic laser retinopexy was used in 1 eye (6%) and pars plana vitrectomy was done for vitreous opacities in 1 eye (6%). During a mean follow-up of 424 days, 44% of eyes developed retinal detachment. The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis of retinal detachment was 105 days (range 14 to 180). Half of eyes had a final visual acuity worse than 20/200. The most common complications were cataract (38%) and recurrent anterior uveitis (31%). Initial BCVA of worse than 20/400 was significantly associated with an outcome of severe vision loss. No associations were found for development of retinal detachment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our cohort demonstrates the range of presentations and outcomes in the management of ARN. While early recognition and systemic antivirals remain essential, our centre uses a larger number of intravitreal antiviral injections with less prophylactic laser or vitrectomy to achieve similar outcomes as other cohorts. This study highlights the value of standardized protocols for recognition and treatment of ARN.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report: exudative retinal detachment secondary to combined infection of H1N1 influenza and Mycoplasma.","authors":"Min Wu, Wenzhi Yang, Dan He, Zhuo Lang, Aoxue Yan, Geeta Menon, Gauri Narendran","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00612-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00612-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>H1N1 influenza and Mycoplasma are common causes of pneumonia, but ocular symptoms after infection are rare. We report a case of bilateral decreased vision, exudative retinal detachment and high intraocular pressure secondary to H1N1 influenza and mycoplasma infection.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 7-year-old male presented with decreased vision in his right eye and was found to have exudative retinal detachment and high intraocular pressure secondary to combined infection of H1N1 influenza and mycoplasma. The boy was previously diagnosed with X-linked congenital retinoschisis (XLRS) at age 3. After anti-viral and anti-mycoplasma treatments, the exudative retinal detachment resolved, and the intraocular pressure was under control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the possibility of exudative retinal detachment secondary to H1N1 influenza and mycoplasma, especially in patients with short axial length.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}