Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Oral, not gut microbiota diversity, reflects the inflammation and neoplasia in patients with uveitis and vitreoretinal lymphoma.","authors":"Michaela Brichova, Lucie Dlouha, Marketa Tenglerova, Johana Rehakova, Martin Kostovcik, Katerina Benesova, Stepan Coufal, Eliska Pivrncova, Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska, Miloslav Kverka, Eva Skrlova, Petra Svozilkova, Aneta Klimova, Klara Kostovcikova, Marek Trneny, Jarmila Heissigerova","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00517-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00517-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dysregulation of the microbiota on different mucosal surfaces is associated with both immune-mediated and malignant diseases. Nevertheless, the involvement of different microbial communities is still poorly characterized. The aim of our study was to compare oral and gut microbiota composition between patients with uveitis, vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL), and controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was designed as a prospective observational study. The inclusion criteria were treatment-naïve patients with immune-mediated uveitis or newly diagnosed VRL. The buccal swab and faecal samples were collected and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to identify the oral and gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 18 patients with uveitis, median age 39 years, 16 patients with VRL, median age 67.5 years, and 16 controls, median age 63 years. In the oral microbiota, the patients suffering from uveitis showed significant enrichment of genera Pseudomonas (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), and Diaphorobacter (p = 0.007 and 0.013) and reduction of Streptococcus (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) when compared to patients with VRL and control subjects, respectively. In addition, these patients had also significantly higher relative abundance of the genus Enhydrobacter (p = 0.029) and lower abundance of the genera Gemella (p = 0.002), Neisseria (p = 0.008), and Prevotella (p = 0.011) when compared to patients with VRL. We found only minor changes in the gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study, as the first one, highlighted significant differences in the composition of oral microbiota among patients with uveitis, VRL, and control subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior scleritis with IgG4 lymphoplasmacytic infiltration: a case report.","authors":"Poojitha Balakrishnan, Matthew G Vicinanzo, John P Luckett, Tom Winokur, Ryan S Weldon, Russell W Read","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00516-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00516-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of chronic unilateral nodular anterior scleritis as a rare, isolated presentation of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A fifty-two-year-old patient was evaluated for painful, nodular scleral injection of the right eye, diagnosed as nodular anterior scleritis. There was only a partial response to topical corticosteroid and systemic immunomodulatory therapy. This, in combination with a sharp delineation between normal and abnormal sclera lead to the decision to perform a diagnostic biopsy of the lesion. Histopathology showed an IgG4 lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the scleral tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are few documented reports of scleritis as the presenting manifestation of IgG4-related disease. IgG4-related disease is an increasingly recognized etiology to be considered in evaluating and managing scleritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (0.2 µg/day) in patients with post-surgical inflammation associated with macular edema: a case series study.","authors":"Maria Madeira, Ana Cabugueira, Helena Urbano, Miguel Cordeiro, Marta Guedes","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00503-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00503-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a primary cause of reduced vision following both cataract and/or vitreoretinal surgery, which may spontaneously resolve. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal (FAc) implant (0.2 µg/day) in patients with refractory PCME.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, non-interventional, and single center study conducted on patients with PCME treated with 0.2 µg/day FAc implant. All the patients received previous treatment with topical corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), triancinolone injection and dexamethasone implant. The primary end-points were the mean change in best-corrected-visual-acuity (BCVA) and the proportion of patients gaining ≥ 15 letters from baseline to the last follow-up visit. The secondary endpoints included the mean CRT reduction and the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) during the 36 months study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight eyes from 8 patients were included in the study. Median (95% Confidence-interval) BCVA was significantly improved from 60.0 (50.05-69.95) letters at baseline to 80.15 (77.25-85.00) letters at month-36, p = 0.043. At the last follow-up visit, 5 (62.5%) eyes gained ≥ 15 letters, without any eye experiencing a loss of BCVA compared to baseline. There was significant CRT reduction from baseline (median: 497.5 μm; 95%CI: 380.0-596.0 μm) to month-36 (Median: 252.0 μm; 95%CI: 242.0-268.0 μm); p = 0.012. Regarding safety, IOP remained stable from baseline (median: 14.5mmHg; 95%Confidence-interval: 12.0-23.0 mmHg) to the last follow-up visit (median: 13.5mmHg; 95% Confidence-interval: 9.0-19.0 mm Hg); p = 0.123.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The FAc implant significantly improved both visual and anatomic outcomes, and was effective in preventing recurrences, while maintaining a reasonable safety profile, in PCME refractory to intravitreal triancinolone and dexamethasone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal neurotization meets COVID-19: a case report of minimally invasive corneal neurotization complicated by COVID-19-related keratitis.","authors":"Shuqin Zhuang, Qiaoran Qi, Jiaying Zhang, Jin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00521-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00521-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a rare case of severe keratitis followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection after minimally invasive corneal neurotization (MICN) surgery for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective single case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 59-year-old female presented to ophthalmology department of our hospital with facial paralysis induced by neurosurgeries. After detailed ophthalmological examination, she was diagnosed with Mackie stage III neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) in the right eye and subsequently underwent MICN and amniotic membrane transplantation. Postoperatively, corneal sensation and the epithelial defect showed gradual improvement, with corneal sensation recovering to 30 mm (measured by Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer). However, thirteen months after MICN, she developed a corneal ulcer in the right eye one week after contracting SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Supplementary investigations, including anterior segment photography, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and corneal scraping for pathogen detection, revealed recurrent corneal anesthesia and loss of corneal nerves, with no pathogens identified. After two weeks of empirical antiviral and antibacterial therapy yielded no significant improvement, a diagnosis of COVID-19-induced neurotrophic keratitis (Stage III Mackie) was established. Management consisted of prolonged medical therapy (including antiviral agents, antibiotics, nutritional supplementation, corticosteroids, and artificial tears), two amniotic membrane transplants, and one temporary tarsorrhaphy. Following two years of treatment and follow-up, the corneal lesion achieved complete healing with corneal nerve regeneration and restoration of corneal sensation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first documented case of COVID-19-related NK following MICN established as a diagnosis of exclusion. This case underscores the critical need for comprehensive differential diagnosis to rule out infectious etiologies in post-MICN keratitis, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of exclusion for COVID-19-induced disease. The diagnostic approach outlined may offer valuable insights for similar presentations. After a protracted clinical course, the patient ultimately achieved restoration of corneal sensation and reinnervation, demonstrating the preserved regenerative potential of MICN-reconstructed neural pathways even after severe viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidities, clinical outcome and rate of herpes simplex positive PCR in patients with keratitis, corneal erosions and ulcers.","authors":"Mhd Hosam Dandachli, Anna-Karina B Maier, Jörg Hofmann, Tina Dietrich-Ntoukas","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00515-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00515-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a recurrent infection with a high risk of corneal blindness. The aim of the study is to investigate the HSV-PCR-positive smear rate, the ocular and systemic comorbidities and the impact of these comorbidities on the clinical outcome in a group of patients with pathologic corneal findings such as keratitis, persistent epithelial defects and corneal ulcers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we recruited 194 eyes who underwent PCR testing for HSV-1 DNA in our tertiary eye clinic from 2015 to 2021 due to suspected HSK. A poor outcome was defined as final visual acuity > 0.4 according to the Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) or the need for at least one corneal surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HSV-1-DNA was detected in 18.6% of the eyes. Corneal scarring (28.8%) and persistent epithelial defects (PED) (8.5%) were the most common complications. The highest recurrence rate (11.6%) was documented 3 months after sampling. 41.2% received systemic antiviral therapy at the first visit after collecting the sample. 75 eyes (38.7%) required at least one corneal surgery, of which amniotic membrane transplantation was the most common corneal procedure in 45 eyes (23.2%). 151 eyes (77.8%) had at least one ocular comorbidity, including previous ocular and corneal procedures (32% and 19.1% respectively) and blepharitis (26.3%). The most common systemic comorbidities were atopic diseases (10.8%), systemic immunosuppression (9.3%) and diabetes mellitus (8.8%). Previous ocular and corneal surgery, glaucoma and diabetes mellitus correlated with a poor outcome (P < 0,001). The average BCVA at the last follow-up (0.76 ± 0.83 LogMAR) was significantly better than at the time of sample collection (0.94 ± 0.76 LogMAR) (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data confirm that HSK should be treated based on clinical findings regardless of the PCR result. We demonstrate for the first time, that comorbidities are very common and especially previous ocular and corneal surgery, glaucoma and diabetes mellitus are associated with a poor outcome. Although corneal surgery was necessary in almost 40% of the eyes during the follow-up due to a complicated course, a significant overall improvement in visual acuity was achieved compared to the initial findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral uveitis following adjuvanted Varicella-Zoster subunit vaccine in a patient with previously resolved Varicella Zoster acute retinal necrosis.","authors":"A Trinco, F Zicarelli, F Romano, M Oldani, A Riva, A Invernizzi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00508-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00508-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multizonal outer retinopathy and retinal pigment epitheliopathy (MORR) with a chronologically divergent presentation- a case report.","authors":"Blerta Lang, Karl Boden, Boris V Stanzel, Ulrich Prothmann, Peter Szurman","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00519-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00519-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world treatment patterns for patients with non-infectious uveitis in Japan: a descriptive study using a large-scale claims database (J-CAT study).","authors":"Sentaro Kusuhara, Koh-Hei Sonoda, Toshikatsu Kaburaki, Tachie Fujita, Saki Katayama, Misako Makishima, Takao Nakamura, Mariko Nio, Takashi Omoto, Yukari Matsuo-Tezuka, Tomoki Yoshizaki, Kensuke Sasaki, Kairi Ri, Keiko Sato, Hiroshi Goto","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00514-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00514-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) can arise from various inflammatory disorders and can cause vision loss. Patients with mild NIU are typically treated with corticosteroid eye drops to reduce intraocular inflammation; however, other local/systemic treatments (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics) may be required for moderate-to-severe NIU, which may cause ocular complications. Here, we investigated real-world treatment patterns for NIU in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were selected from a large, Japanese insurance claims database using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes; diagnosis of NIU was confirmed via ophthalmological examination (October 2016-October 2023). Sankey diagrams were used to describe treatment transitions. Post-treatment ocular complications, potentially related surgeries, and fundus findings associated with uveitis were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of patients (68.7%; 37,869/55,091) were treated with corticosteroid eye drops only for mild NIU; 19.0% (10,449/55,091) were given other treatments for moderate-to-severe NIU, mostly oral corticosteroids (7,473/10,449) and posterior sub-Tenon's corticosteroid injections (1,636/10,449). In patients treated with corticosteroids orally or via sub-Tenon's injections, common transitions were to corticosteroid eye drops or censor (end of treatment/dataset or insurance withdrawal). A higher incidence of treatment-related ocular complications and potentially related surgeries (including glaucoma) was observed during the first year of NIU treatment compared with subsequent years (for moderate-to-severe NIU, estimated incidence of prescription of glaucoma drugs was 106 per 1,000 person-years [at 1 year], 73 per 1,000 person-years [at 2 years], and 52 per 1,000 person-years [at 5 years]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our comprehensive analysis of a large claims database included all prescribed medications and medical procedures (including local injections) for NIU treatment in Japan up to October 2023. Although corticosteroids are a mainstay of NIU treatment in Japan, we found that a number of treatments for moderate-to-severe NIU, other than corticosteroid eye drops, are frequently used in combination with or when switching from corticosteroid eye drops. These findings are of importance when assessing the treatment landscape and may help identify unmet clinical needs in patients with NIU.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a case series.","authors":"Richard Farnan, John Stokes, Rob Casey, Aisling McGlacken Byrne, Sean Leavey","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00500-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00500-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome, characterised by the co-occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis in the absence of other systemic diseases, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific symptoms. This case series aims to shed light on TINU syndrome's clinical features, underlying causes, and management strategies. The prevalence of TINU syndrome is relatively low with estimates of 3.5 cases/ million people with an incidence of 0.2 cases/ million/ year and it often goes underdiagnosed. The ratio of males to females reported was 4:1. Histological confirmation through renal biopsy is crucial, while systemic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and Sjogren's disease should be excluded. In most cases, TINU appears to be an idiopathic immune-mediated process, but it may be precipitated by drugs or infections. Antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with some cases of TINU syndrome. Genetic markers, particularly HLA subtypes, have shown a strong association with TINU syndrome. Uveitis which is characterised by intraocular inflammation is a common feature of TINU syndrome. Anterior uveitis, the most prevalent form, presents with symptoms such as red eye, eye pain, photophobia, and keratic precipitates which are subdivided into granulomatous and non-granulomatous. Corticosteroids represent the primary treatment for ocular inflammation, while immunosuppressant medications may be employed for treatment of nephritis.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Through the analysis of five TINU syndrome cases, this case series provides insights into the clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and biopsy results of patients with TINU syndrome. The cases include individuals with associated systemic conditions such as asthma, psoriasis and hyperthyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and importance: </strong>In conclusion, TINU syndrome is a rare condition characterised by the simultaneous occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals is necessary for early recognition and appropriate management of this syndrome. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis, optimise diagnostic criteria, and explore more targeted therapeutic approaches for TINU syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Pharmacotherapy for non-infectious uveitis: spotlight on phase III clinical trials of locally injected or implanted therapeutics and systemic immunomodulatory drugs.","authors":"Melissa K Shields, Lisia Barros Ferreira, Syed B Ali, Liana Dedina, Lyndell L Lim, Eric B Suhler, Justine R Smith","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00513-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00513-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12271016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}