Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between retinal vascular tortuosity and retinal vasculitis.","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang, Frances Andrea Anover, Jia-Horung Hung, Ngoc Trong Tuong Than, Azadeh Mobasserian, Aim-On Saengsirinavin, Negin Yavari, Dalia El Feky, Anh Ngoc Tram Tran, Osama Elaraby, Jingli Guo, Irmak Karaca, Woong-Sun Yoo, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Chi Mong Christopher Or, Diana V Do, Quan Dong Nguyen","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00512-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00512-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scedosporium-induced keratitis: insights from a case study.","authors":"Liya Fathima, L Annapurneswari, Pooja Rao, Teena Mendonca","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00533-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00533-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pseudallescheria boydii with its asexual form, Scedosporium apiospermum, is now recognized as an important emerging opportunistic pheoid-hypomycosis. Usually results in invasive infections in immunocompromised patients but rarely can infect the eyes. Herein, we report a challenging case of Pseudallescheria boydii keratitis in a lady with traumatic injury.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 38-year-old female presented with alleged history of penetrating injury to right eye with stick by her spouse for which she was started on antibiotic eye drops from nearby local hospital and became symptomatically better. Later she had alleged history of ashes thrown to her right eye 2 weeks ago. She was referred here from a nearby hospital, with complaints of pain, itching, watering of eye and blurring of vision. On examination, Limbal -limbal ulcer with peripherally thinned out cornea and mucoid discharge was present. Corneal scrapings revealed P boydii. She was managed with antibiotics such as moxifloxacin, tobramycin and antifungals such as Natamycin, fluconazole. She did not improve symptomatically. She was referred to a higher center for keratoplasty and the patient was thus discharged for the same.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Pseudallescheria boydii is a soil saprophytic, uncommon fungi entering body via respiratory or penetrating injury. It is often mistaken as Aspergillosis, This fungi shows resistance to amphotericin B, flucytosine and susceptible to triazoles. Surgical resection of lesion shows better outcome. The response of disseminated infection to combination therapy with interferon gamma and antifungal agents is encouraging.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraneoplastic ocular syndromes: a systematic review of epidemiology, diagnosis and outcomes (2010-2023).","authors":"Solweig Beuzit, Aude Méal, Mathieu Delplanque, Jean-Christophe Ianotto, Béatrice Cochener-Lamard, Claire de Moreuil, Bénédicte Rouvière","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00534-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00534-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paraneoplastic ocular syndromes are rare, immune-mediated disorders triggered by malignancies. They may precede cancer diagnosis or signal its recurrence, highlighting their potential value as early warning signs. Their recognition is critical for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review of case reports and case series published between 2010 and 2023 in PubMed database, focusing on six major syndromes: cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP), acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM), paraneoplastic uveitis (PU), and paraneoplastic optic neuropathy (PON). We extracted demographic, clinical, immunologic, oncologic, therapeutic, and outcome-related data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 132 articles comprising 147 patients were included: 53 with CAR, 22 with MAR, 26 with BDUMP, 16 with AEPPVM, 11 with PU, and 19 with PON. Visual impairment was bilateral in over 90% of cases. The most frequently associated malignancies were lung cancers (notably small-cell lung carcinoma), gynecological cancers, and melanoma. Onconeural autoantibodies were tested in serum-most commonly revealing anti-recoverin and anti-alpha-enolase in CAR, and anti-CRMP5 in PON-but were never assessed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), despite its potential diagnostic value. Therapeutic approach was highly heterogeneous and largely empirical, with systemic corticosteroids being the most commonly used treatment. Visual prognosis varied but was especially poor in CAR, for which 49.1% of patients experienced worsening vision. Notably, in CAR, an early oncologic diagnosis (within 6 months after symptom onset) was significantly associated with a favorable visual outcome (p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified a clinical profile of patients in whom paraneoplastic ocular syndromes should be suspected. These rare inflammatory disorders may serve as early indicators of malignancy. Further studies are needed to improve diagnostic pathways, optimize immunologic workup (including CSF testing), and guide therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab in refractory noninfectious uveitis and scleritis.","authors":"Faris M Al Ghulaiga, Ibrahim Alharbi, Abdulrahman F Albloushi, Abdulsalam M Dheyab, Marwan A Abouammoh, Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00522-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00522-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the safety and efficacy of rituximab in patients with refractory noninfectious uveitis and scleritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of 24 patients (47 eyes) treated with rituximab for refractory noninfectious uveitis and scleritis in the period between January 2018 and December 2024. The diagnosis of these patients included chronic recurrent uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (n = 16), idiopathic granulomatous uveitis (n = 3), multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis (n = 2), progressive subretinal fibrosis (n = 1) and scleritis (n = 2). The primary outcomes were disease quiescence and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcomes included reduction in corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rituximab was successful in inducing and maintaining disease quiescence and significantly improved visual acuity in patients presenting with uveitis and scleritis. After starting rituximab therapy, BCVA improved at 1 year from 0.93 ± 0.67 logMAR (Snellen: 20/160) to 0.63 ± 0.83 logMAR (Snellen: 20/80) (p < 0.001). Follow-up period ranged from 12 to 80 months (mean 41 ± SD 20.5). At the last follow-up, BCVA continued to improve to 0.46 ± 0.73 logMAR (Snellen: 20/60) (p < 0.001). Nine of twenty-four patients (37.5%) required more than 3 rituximab doses for disease control. Rituximab successfully reduced corticosteroid use, allowing 87.5% (21/24) of patients to discontinue steroids completely, with the remaining needing ≤ 7.5 mg/day. Mycophenolate mofetil dosage significantly decreased from a mean of 1840 ± SD 323 mg to 1045 ± SD 688 mg daily (p < 0.001), with two patients discontinuing all medications. All patients were flare-free at last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rituximab is an effective and safe treatment for refractory noninfectious uveitis and scleritis. It offers significant visual improvement, disease quiescence which potentially reduces reliance on corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal pigment epithelium stress following intravitreal ganciclovir: a novel insight from clinical spectrum.","authors":"Kui Fang Du, Xue Hui Shi, Chang Ping Zhang, Hong Wei Dong, Wen Jun Kong, Jost B Jonas, Wen Bin Wei, Ya Xing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00532-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00532-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A suspected case of gangrenous blepharitis and pre-septal cellulitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neutropenic patient: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Ali Alyami, Victor Vermot-Desroches, Yasmine Serrar, Philippe Denis","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00526-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00526-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common data elements for observational studies in ocular toxoplasmosis: a Delphi consensus.","authors":"William Rojas-Carabali, Carlos Cifuentes-González, Kerry Goetz, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Zheng Xian Thng, Sally L Baxter, Edmund Tsui, Padmamalini Mahendradas, Jyotirmay Biswas, Sofia Androudi, Andre Luiz Land Curi, Su Ling Ho, Alfredo Adán, Rina La Distia Nora, Claudio Silveira, Heloisa Nascimento, João M Furtado, Cristina Muccioli, Germán Mejía-Salgado, Cristhian A Urzua, Justus G Garweg, Ariel Schlaen, Xin Wei, Sivaraman Balamurugan, Ranju Kharel Sitaula, Ikhwanuliman Putera, Marcelo Rudzinski, Kalpana Babu, Mark Westcott, Rubens Belfort, Justine R Smith, Jorge Gomez-Marin, Quan Dong Nguyen, Vishali Gupta, Rupesh Agrawal, Alejandra de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00525-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00525-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common cause of posterior uveitis globally, with a significant risk of visual impairment. However, the lack of standardized data collection hinders meaningful comparisons across studies. This study aimed to develop a consensus-based set of Common Data Elements (CDEs) for observational studies in OT using a Delphi approach.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A set of CDEs was developed through a combination of a comprehensive literature review, a hybrid workshop, and a Delphi consensus process. This effort was led by an international panel of experts in OT to define a standardized CDE set for research and clinical purposes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary steering committee identified an initial list of candidate CDEs through a targeted literature review. A panel of 30 international experts participated in a structured, one-round Delphi process to evaluate and refine these CDEs. Consensus was determined based on predefined thresholds for inclusion, exclusion, and modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 CDEs were categorized across nine domains: Demographic and Background Information, Medical and Ocular History, Clinical Presentation, Clinical Findings, Lesion Characteristics, Diagnostics, Imaging Findings, Treatment and Interventions, and Outcomes. All 139 CDEs met the inclusion criteria, with 79.8% rated as \"very important\". The consensus underscores the importance of a comprehensive, standardized dataset for OT research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes the first expert-derived standardized dataset requested for reporting OT outcomes, providing a framework to standardize data collection for future observational studies. Adopting these CDEs will enhance data comparability, improve meta-analyses, and strengthen the evidence base for clinical decision-making in OT. Future work will focus on real-world validation and refinement of this dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term management of recurrent uveitis associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.","authors":"Timothy Kaftan, Nam V Nguyen, Jack Begley, Helen Song, Brent Timperley, Eric Suhler, Thomas Hejkal, H Nida Sen, Marcus Snow, Steven Yeh","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00530-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00530-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this case report is to describe the long-term findings and management of recurrent uveitis in a patient with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).</p><p><strong>Case observation: </strong>A 25-year-old female with a history of ALPS and previous uveitis flares presented with reduced vision and pain in the left eye. Uveitis flares began at age 4 and continued into adulthood prompting multiple medical regimen changes. Ocular involvement included anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. The laterality of uveitis flares favored the left eye, however bilateral episodes were documented. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent anterior uveitis and treated with topical corticosteroids with subsequent resolution of her symptoms. However, the patient continued to develop recurrent uveitis prompting low-dose long-term maintenance treatment with topical corticosteroids. Additionally, methotrexate was added which led to uveitis resolution and inactive disease for over a year on this treatment regimen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uveitis secondary to chronic autoimmune disease, such as ALPS, offer long-term challenges for ocular health management. Due to the recurrent nature of uveitis flares in patients with ALPS, long-term ophthalmic and systemic management may be warranted with low-dose maintenance topical corticosteroid or systemic immunomodulation. Response to topical and systemic therapy can be highly patient specific. Complex side effect profiles of many systemic immunotherapies make drug tolerability an important treatment consideration. Multidisciplinary coordination of systemic immunosuppression should be tailored to the patient's anti-inflammatory needs, as well as careful monitoring of adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of patients who developed transient anti-adalimumab antibodies.","authors":"Osama Elaraby, Dalia El Feky, Cigdem Yasar, Woong-Sun Yoo, Anadi Khatri, Dalia Abd Elmegid, Jia-Horung Hung, Battuya Ganbold, Zheng Xian Thng, Negin Yavari, Aim-On Saengsirinavin, Ngoc Trong Tuong Than, Frances Andrea Anover, Abdelrahman M Hamouda, S Saeed Mohammadi, Irmak Karaca, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Anh Tram Ngoc Tran, Jingli Guo, Yue Bai, Quan Dong Nguyen, Christopher Or","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00520-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00520-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and non-infectious uveitis (NIU). It targets tumor necrosis factor alpha, a key mediator in inflammation. However, the development of anti-adalimumab antibodies (AAA) can reduce therapeutic efficacy and prompt treatment modifications. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with transient AAA and compare them to patients with persistent AAA, testing whether serum antibody and drug levels differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Stanford Research Repository (STARR) to identify patients treated with adalimumab for autoimmune conditions between June 2006 and May 2024 who developed AAA. Patients whose AAA became undetectable on follow-up testing were compared to an age-, sex-, and disease-matched cohort with persistent AAA. Demographics, diagnoses, treatment details, serum adalimumab and AAA levels, and concomitant immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) were analyzed. Among 190 AAA-positive patients, 18 (9.47%) demonstrated antibody resolution over a median follow-up of 6.5 months. These patients had lower median AAA levels (39.55 ng/mL vs. 92.35 ng/mL, p=0.020) and higher adalimumab levels (6.25 μg/mL vs. 1.55 μg/mL, p=0.018) than controls. AAA resolution was negatively correlated with AAA levels (p=0.018) and positively correlated with adalimumab levels (p=0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic monitoring of AAA and drug levels may help guide personalized therapeutic strategies and support continued treatment in selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of color vision recovery in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a longitudinal study using cone contrast test and adaptive optics imaging.","authors":"Tomoko Nakamura, Shinya Abe, Hitoshi Yamazaki, Toshihiko Oiwake, Atsushi Hayashi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00523-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00523-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease affects visual function, but the recovery process of color vision remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to assess color vision recovery in VKH using cone contrast testing and explore its relationship with cone cell density measured using adaptive optics imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two eyes of 11 patients with VKH were evaluated at baseline (serous retinal detachment resolution) and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Cone contrast scores and cone cell density were measured using the ColorDx^® CCT-HD™ system and rtx1™ adaptive optics fundus camera, respectively. Pre-treatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to analyze the cystoid spaces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Color vision defects observed at baseline-especially in S-cones-significantly improved by 6 months for all cone types. Cone contrast scores correlated significantly with cone cell density (ρ = 0.63-0.66, p < 0.0001). Eyes with cystoid spaces on pre-treatment OCT showed lower cone contrast scores and cone density. S-cones demonstrated greater vulnerability and slower recovery than L- and M-cones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive visual function assessment, including color vision evaluation, in VKH patients. Cone contrast testing captures qualitative aspects of visual function not reflected in standard acuity tests. The combination of cone contrast testing and adaptive optics imaging provides insights into the structure-function relationship in color vision recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}