Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Phase Angle Shows a Negative Correlation With Serum GDF-15 Concentrations in Hospitalized Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Taira Fukuda, Kan Kondo, Riichi Nishikawa, Rina Hirai, Hayato Ishizaka, Hideaki Tan, Naohiro Nozawa, Seiko Tokoi, Suguru Hirose, Suomi Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Yagi, Takuo Arikawa, Hirohisa Amano, Masashi Sakuma, Ikuko Shibasaki, Hirotsugu Fukuda, Shigeru Toyoda, Toshiaki Nakajima","doi":"10.1155/jnme/3379141","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/3379141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is associated with various conditions such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and chronic kidney disease. Phase angle (PhA) reflects cellular health and nutritional status. However, the relationship between serum GDF-15 concentrations and PhA is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum GDF-15 concentrations in patients with heart failure (<i>n</i> = 91), aortic stenosis patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (<i>n</i> = 48), and healthy older individuals (<i>n</i> = 73) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PhA was measured with an impedance-based body composition analyzer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PhA showed a negative correlation with serum GDF-15 concentrations in total subjects. PhA showed a positive correlation with serum albumin (Alb) levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and grip strength, and serum GDF-15 concentrations showed a negative correlation with serum Alb levels, Hb levels, eGFR, and grip strength. In multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for age, PhA reflected the association with grip strength. For the presence or absence of muscle weakness measured by handgrip strength, in men, PhA had a cutoff value of 4.35 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.857, while GDF-15 had a cutoff value of 2012 pg/mL and an AUC of 0.773. In women, PhA had a cutoff value of 4.25 and an AUC of 0.804, while GDF-15 had a cutoff value of 1109 pg/mL and an AUC of 0.764.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PhA showed a negative correlation with serum GDF-15 concentrations in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Both PhA and serum GDF-15 concentrations might be considered as a biomarker of sarcopenia or cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3379141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13343366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Quality of Life Among Hemodialysis Patients: Roles of Associated Comorbidities, Smoking, Climate Change, and Residence.","authors":"Amany Gomaa Atia, Hani Jameel Hamad, Mohamed Ali Elsayed, Huda Badr Abd Elhamed, Hanaa Elsayed Elsayed Mohamed, Shimaa Galal El Sayed","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6370912","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/6370912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem considered: </strong>Hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently experience impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) due to multifactorial influences, including comorbidities, environmental stressors, and lifestyle factors. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating the determinants of HRQoL of hemodialysis patients, with a focus on the roles of comorbidities, cigarette smoking, environmental exposure, and residential setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study of 84 adult (ranging in age from 18 to 65 years) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis was conducted at Hehia Hospital in Egypt for one year, extending from May 2024 to May 2025. The study sample consisted predominantly of middle-aged to older adults (mean age 55.33 ± 12 years), with a majority being male (64.3%), having primary education or less (46.4%), and residing in rural areas (83.3%). The HRQoL was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF). Sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental data were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of the overall QoL of hemodialysis patients with ESRD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis revealed that educational attainment (<i>β</i> = -0.295, <i>p</i> = 0.002), presence of comorbid conditions (<i>β</i> = 0.178, <i>p</i> = 0.043), occupational exposure to excessive climate (<i>β</i> = -0.183, <i>p</i> = 0.039), smoking status (<i>β</i> = 0.204, <i>p</i> = 0.021), perceived stress (<i>β</i> = 0.180, <i>p</i> = 0.039), and pain intensity (<i>β</i> = 0.322, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were significant predictors of the HRQoL of the hemodialysis patients with ESRD. These predictors, together, explained 45.5% of the variance in the QoL scores of the patients (<i>R</i> ² = 0.455). Notably, smokers had significantly lower HRQoL scores than the nonsmokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HRQoL of hemodialysis patients is adversely affected by smoking, pain, stress, educational background, comorbid diseases, and climate exposure. These findings underscore the need for holistic, patient-centered interventions that incorporate smoking cessation, psychosocial support, and environmental adaptations to improve the well-being of this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6370912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Pregestational Body Mass Index and Delivery Outcomes: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary High-Income Setting.","authors":"Francesca Parisi, Ottavio Cassardo, Lucrezia Viscioni, Vittorio Parodi, Marta Tondo, Benedetta Gallicola, Chiara Lubrano, Ilma Floriana Carbone, Emanuela Taricco, Enrico Iurlaro, Irene Cetin","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6251114","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/6251114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal overweight (OW) and obesity are increasingly prevalent worldwide and have been linked to adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes. This study aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies stratified according to pregestational body mass index (BMI) in a tertiary care setting in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included all singleton live births between 2022 and 2024 at the IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Women were classified into four groups based on pregestational BMI: (1) underweight (UW, BMI < 18.5 kg/m², <i>n</i> = 1796); (2) normal weight (NW, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m², <i>n</i> = 11,710); (3) OW (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m², <i>n</i> = 2313); and (4) obese (OB, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m², <i>n</i> = 976). Delivery outcomes were compared among groups using binary logistic regression and generalized linear models adjusted for confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inclusion criteria were met by a population of 17,813 singleton pregnancies. Multivariate models confirmed that OB women were independently associated with virtually all adverse delivery outcomes, including higher odds of preterm birth (aOR 1.48), labor induction (aOR 1.69), emergency cesarean delivery (aOR 1.42), postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 1.40), APGAR score at 5 min lower than 6 (aOR 2.77), and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (aOR 2.05) compared to NW controls. OW women were at higher risk of emergency cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage, while UW women showed largely comparable outcomes to NW women, with the sole exception of reduced birthweights and higher odds of episiotomy use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal OW and OB are associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity, highlighting the complex obstetric challenges in this population. These findings underscore the need for a BMI-tailored obstetric care and preventive public health strategies targeting women of reproductive age.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6251114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Weight Gain Among Adult Tuberculosis Patients During Intensive Phase in East Gojjam Zone Public Health Institutions, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Dires Delessa Alemu, Getnet Gedif, Habitamu Mekonen, Mequanente Dagnaw, Helen Asmamaw Asres, Nakachew Mekonnen Alamirew, Yilkal Tafere","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6654681","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/6654681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopia ranks among the countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden globally. Weight gain during the intensive treatment phase is a reliable indicator of successful TB treatment outcomes; however, evidence on its magnitude and its determinants in Northwest Ethiopia, particularly, in East Gojjam Zone, remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the magnitude of weight gain and its determinants among adult TB patients during the first two months of the intensive treatment phase in East Gojjam Zone public health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia, 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June 4 to August 4, 2025. Using proportional simple random sampling, 619 adult TB patients aged 18+ years under follow-up at public at 31 health institutions were enrolled. Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and medical record reviews. Binary logistic regression identified determinants factors; variables with <i>p</i> < 0.25 in bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weight gain was achieved by 428 (69.1%) of TB patients (95% CI: 65.4, 72.7) during the intensive phase treatment. Six factors were independently associated with weight gain: completed drug adherence (AOR: 4.12, 95% CI: 3.12-5.71), illness duration ≤ 30 days prior to treatment initiation (AOR: 3.51, 95% CI: 2.17-5.13), supplementary food provision (AOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.90-4.83), meal frequency ≥ 3 times/day (AOR: 3.85, 95% CI: 2.41-6.14), good TB knowledge (AOR: 3.19, 95% CI: 2.19-4.05), and favorable attitude toward treatment (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.13-3.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately seven in ten adult TB patients achieved weight gain during the intensive treatment phase. Promoting drug adherence, early treatment initiation, nutritional supplementation, adequate meal frequency, and health education targeting TB knowledge and patient attitude are essential strategies for improving weight recovery and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6654681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load With Proatherogenic Factors and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Mehran Rahimlou, Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki, Farshad Amirkhizi","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6289455","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/6289455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, its etiology-particularly its relationship with dietary factors-remains poorly understood. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and proatherogenic inflammatory markers in patients with MetS. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 subjects (80 males and 105 females) aged 20-50 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and dietary GI and GL were calculated. Main outcomes were cIMT as well as serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. There was a significant trend indicating that higher GI and GL were associated with elevated serum levels of MDA, TNF-α, and VCAM-1. In addition, a significant trend was observed indicating an increase in cIMT across higher tertile categories of both GI and GL. However, dietary GI and GL were not associated with serum levels of hs-CRP, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. Higher dietary GI and GL are associated with increased cIMT, elevated oxidative stress, and proatherogenic inflammatory markers in patients with MetS. These findings suggest that diets high in GI and GL may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis in this population. Therefore, low-GI and low-GL diets may help reduce the risk of CVD and should be considered in dietary recommendations for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6289455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Nutritional Factors, and Their Relationships With Homocysteine in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Hsiu-Lan Li, Yao-Mei Chuang, Po-Jung Huang, Po-Sheng Chang","doi":"10.1155/jnme/7471621","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/7471621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related renal function decline may contribute to other physiological alterations. This study aimed to examine the associations of kidney function, assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and nutritional factors with homocysteine levels in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study enrolled participants aged ≥ 65 years. Demographic characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Biochemical parameters, including homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, and metabolic disorder indicators, were measured, and eGFR was calculated and categorized into three groups. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in the low and moderate eGFR groups compared with the high eGFR group (median: 16.9 vs. 11.9 vs. 9.3 μM, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Regression analyses indicated that each 1-unit decrease in eGFR was associated with higher homocysteine (<i>β</i> = -0.13, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Conversely, higher folic acid (<i>β</i> = -0.29, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and vitamin B₁₂ (<i>β</i> = -0.003, <i>p</i> < 0.01) levels were significantly associated with lower homocysteine concentrations. These associations remained significant after mutual adjustment, indicating distinct effects of renal function and nutritional factors on homocysteine levels. Moreover, homocysteine levels were positively correlated with waist circumference (<i>r</i> = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and triglycerides (<i>r</i> = 0.18, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<i>r</i> = -0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The results suggest that renal function and nutritional status are independently associated with homocysteine levels and may contribute to metabolic risk profiles in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7471621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Xerophthalmia and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Tigray Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Ebud Ayele Dagnazgi, Shewit Engdashet Berhe, Guesh Gebreayezgi, Goitom Girmay Gebremariam, Yohannes Kinfe Gebreyohannes, Tsega Gebremichael Gebremeskel, Embaba Tekelaye Welesemayat, Teklehaymanot Huluf Abraha, Gebregziabher Kidanemariam Asfaw","doi":"10.1155/jnme/8469511","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/8469511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Xerophthalmia during pregnancy is a major public health problem, associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. Studies indicated that Ethiopia is a country with the highest rates of xerophthalmia. However, most studies emphasize biochemical deficiency or night blindness rather than the full clinical spectrum. This study was intended to assess all clinical forms of xerophthalmia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of xerophthalmia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in general and referral public hospitals of the Tigray Region, Ethiopia, in 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using an institution-based cross-sectional design, a total of 1387 pregnant women were selected using a systematic random sampling technique to assess for xerophthalmia. The data collection was conducted from February 2024 to July 2024. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CI and significance level <i>p</i> value (< 0.05), which expresses the magnitude of the effect of each category on the outcome relative to the reference category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the total 1387 selected pregnant women, 1355 participated, yielding a response rate of 97.83%. The prevalence of xerophthalmia was 25% (95% CI: 22.7%-27.3%). Factors significantly associated with xerophthalmia include inadequate sanitation (AOR = 2.369; 95% CI: 1.335-4.202), not taking iron supplementation (AOR = 2.577; 95% CI: 1.551-4.284), fewer antenatal care follow-ups (AOR = 3.462; 95% CI: 2.203-5.441), not owning livestock (AOR = 9.528; 95% CI: 5.666-16.023), history of miscarriage (AOR = 7.984; 95% CI: 4.361-14.614), alcohol consumption during pregnancy (AOR = 8.045; 95% CI: 3.94-16.425), consuming inadequate vegetables (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.18-2.40), and mid-upper arm circumference < 23 cm (AOR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.58-3.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Xerophthalmia among pregnant women in the Tigray Region indicates a critical public health concern. Inadequate sanitation, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, history of miscarriage, not owning livestock, low ANC attendance, inadequate vegetable consumption, undernutrition, and lack of iron supplementation during pregnancy were significantly associated with xerophthalmia. Therefore, we recommend adequate sanitation, avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy, preventing miscarriage, owning livestock in the household, ANC attendance, consuming vegetables, preventing acute malnutrition, and iron supplementation during pregnancy as effective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8469511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A School-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention for the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: Study Design and Baseline Findings From a Cluster-Randomized Trial.","authors":"Yeray Nóvoa-Medina, Sara Del Cristo Leon, Marta Barreiro-Bautista, Verónica Batista-Dávila, Himar Fabelo, Svetlana Pavlovic, Yaiza García-Delgado, Juan Eugenio Jiménez, Sara López-López, Ana María Wägner, Luis Peña-Quintana","doi":"10.1155/jnme/1016106","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/1016106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This manuscript describes the design and baseline findings of the POI trial, a school-based, cluster-randomized intervention aimed at the prevention of childhood obesity in the Canary Islands, Spain. Childhood obesity prevalence in this region is among the highest in Europe, with 40.6% of children aged 6-9 years classified as overweight or obese. Early, multidisciplinary, school-based interventions integrating nutrition and physical activity are therefore a public health priority.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The POI trial is a cluster-randomized controlled study conducted in primary schools in Gran Canaria, enrolling children aged 6-10 years. The intervention integrates nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and family engagement, supported by both paper-based and digital educational materials. Teachers played a central role in intervention delivery within the classroom setting. Schools served as the unit of randomization and implementation. Baseline assessments included standardized anthropometric measurements, objectively measured physical activity, and selected metabolic parameters (fasting glucose and lipid profile). Dietary intake outcomes will be reported separately; this manuscript focuses on the nutrition education framework and baseline nutrition-related metabolic indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 557 children from 13 schools were included (298 intervention participants from 5 schools and 259 controls from 8 schools). Significant differences in overweight and obesity prevalence were observed by school type, with the highest prevalence in public schools (48.6%), followed by partially subsidized (33.2%) and private schools (28.3%) (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Among participants with available blood samples (<i>n</i> = 237), elevated fasting glucose was detected in 21 children and hypercholesterolemia in 24 children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These baseline findings highlight substantial socioeconomic disparities in childhood overweight and obesity and demonstrate the presence of early metabolic risk in school-aged children. The POI trial provides a scalable, school-based model integrating nutrition education and physical activity for obesity prevention, with the potential to inform public health strategies in high-prevalence settings. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06607159.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1016106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Restricted Feeding Preserves Synaptic Function and Modulates Reelin and <i>α</i>-Synuclein in an Acute Amyloid-<i>β</i> Rat Model: A Comparative Study With Alternate-Day Fasting.","authors":"Zeynab Maleki, Mohammad Ali Mirshekar, Farzaneh Montazerifar, Bita Etminani, Fateme Keykha","doi":"10.1155/jnme/7185647","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/7185647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a major neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau proteins in the brain. Intermittent fasting (IF) is being explored as a dietary intervention to mitigate AD-related effects, possibly by modulating factors such as reelin and <i>α</i>-synuclein, which are involved in synaptic function and AD pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included six groups of rats: Ctrl, Ctrl.ADF, Ctrl.TRF, AD, AD.TRF, and AD.ADF. AD was induced by bilateral ICV injections of 5 μL Aβ. To prove fasting, blood glucose levels were assessed with a glucometer. Memory and learning were assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, and hippocampal reelin and <i>α</i>-synuclein concentrations were quantified via ELISA. Electrophysiological recordings were analyzed using eProbe software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRF was more effective than ADF in improving cognitive function in AD rats, as indicated by a significant increase in TSGQ [<i>F</i> (5,40) = 5.590, <i>p</i> < 0.01] and swimming speed [<i>F</i> (3,21) = 114.3, <i>p</i> < 0.01], along with a significant reduction in latency time and path length (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both TRF and ADF significantly increased reelin concentration and neuronal firing rate (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas only TRF led to a significant decrease in <i>α</i>-synuclein levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that TRF may enhance spatial memory and reduce <i>α</i>-synuclein accumulation in AD rats, possibly through mechanisms associated with synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7185647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrus Essential Oil Nanoemulsions Mitigate Cardiac, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Injury in High-Fat Obese Rats via Adiponectin/SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways.","authors":"Amira Mira, Yhiya Amen, Abdelaziz M Hussein, Abdullah Haikal, Mahmoud Elshal, Dalia Shaheen, Elsayed A Eid, Ahmed Magdy Aly, Mennatullah A M Hussein, Abdelrahman H K Moustafa, Amgad E Salem, Amal F Soliman","doi":"10.1155/jnme/3343221","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/3343221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Citrus</i> oils (COs) are consumed as herbal tea in traditional medicine to ameliorate the obesity-induced consequences. <i>Citrus limon</i> oil (CLO), <i>C. aurantiifolia</i> oil (CAO), and <i>C. japonica</i> oil (CJO) are widely dispersed for their medicinal properties. However, it is yet unknown how these oils work to reduce obesity. This work investigates the potential beneficial effects of the nanoemulsions (NEs) of <i>Citrus</i> essential oils (EOs) on hepatic steatosis and cardiac and pancreatic injury in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats and the mechanisms behind these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EOs were formulated as NEs using the ultrasonic emulsification method. The three NEs (150 mg/kg) were orally and separately administered along with the standard metformin (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after prior induction of obesity by HFD for a period of 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatments with NEs improved HFD-induced obesity with different potentials. The NE of CJO represented more cytoprotective and antisteatotic activities. It resulted in a preferential reduction of body weight and serum levels of glucose and lipids, as well as tissue injury and oxidative stress biomarkers that were accompanied by improved tissue architectures. At the molecular level, it upregulated the antioxidants Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1. It also increased the levels of adiponectin while decreasing visfatin. Furthermore, it downregulated the apoptotic executor, active caspase-3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CJO NEs have shown strong promise in lowering obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and mitigating cardiac and pancreatic injury via hypoglycemic, antidyslipidemic, cytoprotective, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic activities. These beneficial effects are collectively associated with modulating the adiponectin/SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3343221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}