Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Motor unit activity during maximal-intent dynamic muscle actions varies by intensity and sex in healthy adults.","authors":"Christopher A Rivas, Caleb C Voskuil, Debbie L Hahs-Vaughn, Matt S Stock, Joshua C Carr","doi":"10.1152/jn.00184.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00184.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor unit firing behavior is regulated by intensity-dependent, hierarchical recruitment patterns. There is also recent evidence of divergent motor unit behavior between sexes during intensity-matched tasks. This study compares the firing behavior of motor unit populations of the biceps brachii between dynamic muscle actions corresponding to ∼90% versus ∼98% of maximal dynamic strength. Using surface electromyography decomposition, we analyzed the relationships between motor unit action potential amplitude size (MUAP_AMP) and firing rate (FR), identifying the <i>y</i>-intercepts and slopes. We also identified the average MUAP_AMP and FR during each contraction. A total of 152 discrete muscle actions were analyzed from 35 participants. We compared these responses between young adult males (<i>n</i> = 12) and females (<i>n</i> = 23). A total of 1,361 motor units were identified (<i>n</i> = 563 male; <i>n</i> = 798 female) across loading conditions. Our results indicate that the <i>y</i>-intercept of the MUAP_AMP-FR relationship increases with load, whereas no differences in slope were observed between loading conditions. Notably, females exhibited significantly lower <i>y</i>-intercepts, FR, and MUAP_AMP, and greater slopes (steeper) than males across loading conditions. These findings suggest that, at near-maximal intensities of dynamic strength, motor unit populations adapt their firing properties in a load-dependent manner. The observed sex-dependent differences in motor unit firing behavior are likely related to variations in muscle fiber composition, indicative of smaller, more oxidative fiber phenotypes for females. These findings provide novel evidence of load-dependent motor unit firing behavior and divergent firing characteristics between sexes during maximal-intent dynamic muscle actions.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We show that during dynamic, maximal-intent muscle actions, a subtle increase in load (∼1.3 kg) elevates the operating point of the motor unit pool, despite no change in recruitment gain or individual motor unit firing rates. We further demonstrate that sex-based differences in motor unit activity were evident, with males exhibiting greater motor unit firing rates, action potential amplitudes, and firing rate relationships favorable for generating high contraction forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"940-951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalogram signatures of propanidid-mediated sedation and unconsciousness.","authors":"Sirma Orguc, Ohyoon Kwon, Marusa Naranjo Gonzalez, Emery N Brown","doi":"10.1152/jn.00091.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00091.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Propanidid is an intravenous short-acting sedative-hypnotic anesthetic in the eugenol family that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (<i>GABA_A</i>) receptor. However, its neural circuit mechanisms have not been characterized. We compared the EEG signatures of patients anesthetized with propanidid to those anesthetized with propofol. We characterized the EEG recordings of 13 propanidid- and 13 propofol-mediated general anesthesia cases using spectral and coherence analyses. During propanidid-mediated unconsciousness, we observed a significant increase in the 0-18.5 Hz power and a decrease in the 30.5-40 Hz power compared with the baseline. Compared to the propofol cohort, the suppression in the 23-40 Hz band power was significantly less in the propanidid cohort during unconsciousness. The coherence in the 0-40 Hz range was not significantly different between the two cohorts. The propanidid cohort showed a shorter average offset time (4.8 min) than the propofol cohort (5.9 min), which was not significant. This preliminary investigation showed that the EEG signatures of propanidid-mediated unconsciousness are similar to those of propofol, suggesting a similar GABAergic mechanism of network action. Our work provides a basis to characterize the neural mechanisms of propanidid-mediated sedation and unconsciousness.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Propanidid is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic of the eugenol group that has been safely used in Mexico for over 20 years. Like propofol, it acts via GABAergic mechanisms; however, its effects on neural circuits remain uncharacterized. Therefore, we compared EEG signatures between patients anesthetized with propanidid and propofol. Our work suggests similar neural mechanisms for propanidid and propofol. As with propofol, propanidid's EEG signatures could be used to monitor sedation and unconsciousness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"904-915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does achieving gait symmetry during split-belt adaptation reflect corticospinal involvement in stroke survivors?","authors":"Keisuke Hirata, Hiroki Hanawa, Taku Miyazawa, Keisuke Kubota, Moeka Yokoyama, Naohiko Kanemura","doi":"10.1152/jn.00626.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00626.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the relationship between gait parameters [i.e., center of mass-center of pressure (CoM-CoP) angle, step length, and double-support time] and corticospinal activity in stroke survivors across two phase types: final symmetry during late adaptation (LA) and changes from baseline to LA. Twenty-two stroke survivors participated in the study. Gait adaptation was assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis and surface electromyography to measure muscle activity and movement patterns. Recordings were obtained from the bilateral tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), and medial gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles. Intermuscular coherence in the beta band between the bilateral TA muscles was quantified. Stroke survivors who reestablished CoM-CoP angle symmetry during the LA phase exhibited strong interdependence between the affected and unaffected TA signals, reflecting enhanced neural coordination. These findings suggest that changes in CoM-CoP angle symmetry are more closely linked with neural gait control mechanisms than step length or double-support time.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study highlights the significance of the center of mass-center of pressure (CoM-CoP) angle after adaptation as a parameter for assessing walking symmetry in stroke survivors. Our results suggest that CoM-CoP angle symmetry during gait adaptation tasks may reflect inhibitory mechanisms in the corticospinal tract. Moreover, this finding emphasizes the importance of precise temporal control of whole body movements for maintaining effective gait patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"916-927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired visually guided behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Gamaliel Mendoza-Cuevas, Job Perez-Becerra, Ricardo Velazquez-Contreras, Vladimir Calderon, Luis Carrillo-Reid","doi":"10.1152/jn.00307.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00307.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons. PD is usually defined by motor deficits such as rest tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Nevertheless, some sensory impairments that may appear before motor dysfunctions or throughout the disease drastically reduce the quality of life of patients with PD. Patients with PD often present difficulties discriminating against basic properties of objects, indicating alterations in visual processing. However, how visual discrimination is affected in animal models of PD remains unknown. The use of l-DOPA continues as the most effective therapy for motor deficits observed in patients diagnosed with PD, but little is known about the effect of low doses of l-DOPA on visual discrimination. In the present study, we measured behavioral responses of control and parkinsonian adult male mice trained in a visually guided task. Control mice progressively developed stereotyped behaviors reflecting successful discrimination of Go and No-Go signals, whereas parkinsonian mice were unable to discriminate between different orientations of visual stimuli. Using electrophysiological recordings, we observed diminished visual responses in primary visual cortex of unilaterally dopamine-depleted mice, indicating that alterations of visual information processing could contribute to visual discrimination deficits. Remarkably, parkinsonian mice systemically injected with a low concentration of l-DOPA before each session of the visually guided task partially developed stereotyped behaviors and improved task performance, demonstrating a beneficial effect of l-DOPA. Further experiments are necessary to characterize the role of dopamine in visual discrimination in normal and pathological conditions.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Sensory deficits are commonly observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Declined vision is frequently reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, visual impairments in animal models of PD are poorly understood. We observed visual discrimination deficits in parkinsonian mice that were improved by low concentrations of chronically injected l-DOPA. Future clinical research could help to elucidate the effect of pharmacological treatments in the amelioration of visual deficits of patients with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CUMS stress facilitates hippocampal neural mitophagy through FIS1/MFF-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation.","authors":"Xiaoke Qiu, Shaoda Lai, Yingyi Zhang, Shengtao Huang, Jiping Zhang, Yuhui Tan, Han Li, Junsheng Liu, Yong Huang, Zhinan Zhang","doi":"10.1152/jn.00523.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00523.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm influences the neuronal count in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus, potentially linking to mitophagy induced by mitochondrial fragmentation. Fission mitochondrial 1 (FIS1)/mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) represents one of the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial fission and autophagy. Herein, we investigated the effects of CUMS on mitophagy and mitochondrial fragmentation in hippocampal DG neurons, along with their modulation of the mitochondrial fission pathway governed by FIS1/MFF. Our results demonstrated that CUMS stress augmented mitophagy in hippocampal DG neurons. Concurrently, it exacerbated the tendency toward mitochondrial fragmentation. The impact on the upstream regulatory pathway of mitochondrial fragmentation manifested as upregulation of FIS1 and downregulation of MFF, resulting in a net loss of mitochondrial content and a subsequent energy deficit. These findings suggest that CUMS stress, by modulating the FIS1/MFF balance, increases mitophagy stemming from mitochondrial fragmentation in hippocampal DG neurons.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We show that chronic unpredictable mild stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in hippocampal neurons by simultaneously promoting mitophagy via a FIS1/MFF imbalance and suppressing biogenesis via PGC1α downregulation. This dual impairment leads to a cellular energy deficit, providing a novel link between stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the pathophysiology of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"952-961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye and hand coarticulation during problem-solving reveals hierarchically organized planning.","authors":"Mattia Eluchans, Antonella Maselli, Gian Luca Lancia, Giovanni Pezzulo","doi":"10.1152/jn.00188.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00188.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During everyday activities, such as preparing a cup of coffee or traveling across cities, we often plan ahead and execute sequences of actions. Yet how such planning unfolds when solutions must be formed from scratch, without external cues or routines, remains unclear. This study examines how participants coordinate gaze and cursor movements while solving path-tracing problems on a grid with multiple targets. By focusing on the action execution phase, we aimed to probe the structure of the gaze-cursor plans that participants used to solve the tasks. Our analysis reveals three main findings. First, consistent with previous studies, participants segment the problem into sequences of gestures, defined as the task execution (gaze and cursor movements) in the time interval between the onset of two consecutive fixations. Typically, within each gesture, gaze focuses on a target and remains fixed until the cursor reaches it, then shifts to the next target. Second, both gaze position, while fixating on the current target, and the kinematics of cursor movement leading up to the current target allow prediction of the next cursor movement's direction, revealing coarticulation in both cursor-cursor and gaze-cursor movements. Third, and most interestingly, the position of the gaze around the current target aligns with the direction of the next saccade, revealing coarticulation between successive gaze fixations. Together, these findings show that participants break the problem into gesture sequences and plan multiple eye and cursor movements in advance to efficiently reach both the current and upcoming gesture targets. This suggests a hierarchical planning strategy, with participants planning ahead at two levels: gesture targets and cursor movements.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Coarticulation, the modulation of an action's execution based on upcoming actions, offers a valuable window into covert planning, typically defined as the goal-directed concatenation of actions. Most prior studies have examined coarticulation in instructed, cued, or routinized sequences. In contrast, we provide a comprehensive characterization of coarticulation in both gaze behavior and hand kinematics (via cursor movements) during a planning task where participants must generate novel solutions from scratch on each trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"985-997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smooth pursuit eye movements contribute to long-latency reflex modulation in the lower extremity.","authors":"Oindrila Sinha, Angus Peter Muttee, Jia-Hao Wu, Matteo Bertucco, Isaac Kurtzer, Tarkeshwar Singh","doi":"10.1152/jn.00023.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00023.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Somatosensory-mediated reactions play a fundamental role in adapting to environmental changes, particularly through long-latency responses (LLRs), rapid corrective muscle responses (50-100 ms) following limb perturbations that account for limb biomechanics and task goals. We investigated how smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs), which are slow eye movements used to track moving objects, influence LLRs of the upper and lower limb during mechanical interactions with moving objects. In the first experiment, participants stood and stabilized their arm against a colliding virtual object. This occurred while subjects either visually pursued the moving object or fixated a central location. The robot occasionally applied a mechanical perturbation to the arm either 200 ms or 60 ms before the anticipated collision. As in previous studies, LLRs were observed in leg muscles to a perturbation of the upper limb. Moreover, leg LLRs were modulated by gaze, being larger during pursuit than fixation, but only during the late perturbations. This timing-specific modulation aligns with previous reports of policy transitions in feedback control roughly 60 ms before impact. Upper limb LLRs were not significantly impacted by gaze. This lack of modulation could reflect the context of upright stance, so we conducted a second experiment that was the same in all ways except that the subjects remained seated. Again, the upper limb LLRs were not impacted by gaze. The selective impact of gaze modulation on stance control highlights the sophisticated nature of coordinating eye movements, arm control, and whole body postural responses.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Smooth pursuit eye movements are used to track moving objects. We show for the first time that smooth pursuit eye movements contribute to modulation of long-latency reflexes in the lower limb during virtual object interactions in upright stance. These findings suggest a neurophysiological link between predictive control of eye movements and feedback control of upright stance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"998-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial adaptation to surface movement during hand reaching.","authors":"Priscilla Balestrucci, Matteo Bianchi, Colleen P Ryan, Giulia Daniele, Alice Flamini, Fanny Valente, Francesco Lacquaniti, Alessandro Moscatelli","doi":"10.1152/jn.00060.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00060.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans can effectively adapt to changes in the environment to maintain adequate motor performance in a vast range of situations. However, residual errors tend to persist when strong a priori assumptions about the statistical regularities of the environment are violated. In our study, we challenged the expectation that inanimate objects are usually at rest. To this end, we used a robotic interface to move a plate over which participants slid their finger while reaching toward a target. We found limited evidence of adaptation after prolonged exposure to this perturbation, and only when visual feedback about hand position was provided. Although participants were aware of the motion of the contact surface, explicit knowledge about its direction was limited. Our results provide important insights into the limits of adaptation to motion perturbation in the somatosensory system, which can inform the design of technology applications such as haptic interfaces and collaborative robots.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Humans can adapt to environmental changes in a vast range of situations, but systematic errors remain when strong a priori assumptions are violated. We tested the assumption that inanimate objects are stationary by moving a plate under participants' fingers while they reach a target. We found limited adaptation, mainly when visual feedback of hand position was provided. Despite awareness of surface motion, directional knowledge was poor. These findings inform the design of haptic and robotic interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"817-829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced vestibular-evoked balance responses in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.","authors":"Jean-Philippe Cyr, Roxane Crepin, Pierre Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Blouin, Martin Simoneau","doi":"10.1152/jn.00238.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00238.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by lateral deviation and rotation of the vertebrae, affecting between 0.47% and 5.2% of adolescents. A proposed explanation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is asymmetrical vestibular function affecting the descending control of torso muscles. To verify this hypothesis, we applied stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) at frequencies of up to 25 Hz, both monaurally and binaurally, to standing participants with AIS (<i>n</i> = 15) and to those without AIS (<i>n</i> = 15). We characterized potential left-right vestibulomotor asymmetry in the correlations, gain, and direction of the evoked balance responses. Contrary to our hypothesis, no asymmetry in the balance responses evoked by monaural stimuli was observed in either group. AIS participants, however, exhibited larger correlations and gains (both in the frequency and time domains, except for time-domain estimates to monaural right stimuli) between vestibular stimuli and ground reaction forces compared to control participants. This larger coupling suggests a greater association between the vestibular error and force signals in AIS participants for monaural left and binaural SVS conditions. The orientation of the vestibular-evoked balance responses, however, did not differ between groups. We conclude that adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis exhibit larger vestibular gains than control participants. This suggests an enhanced relationship between the electrical vestibular error signal and the evoked balance responses. Still, these changes do not affect the symmetry or orientation of vestibular-evoked postural responses at the tested frequencies.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We tested the hypothesis that adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients exhibit asymmetries in the vestibular control of balance. We observed larger vestibular-evoked balance responses in participants with AIS to stimuli targeting primary vestibular afferents unilaterally and bilaterally. These larger balance-correcting responses of vestibular origin, however, were symmetric and oriented in the expected interaural direction. Our results indicate a strengthened connection between the vestibular error signals evoked by electrical stimuli and the resulting balance responses in participants with AIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"856-865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior shifts of I-waves generated in tangentially oriented pyramidal cells of the motor cortex.","authors":"Tao Han, Walter Paulus, Ken Möhwald","doi":"10.1152/jn.00234.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00234.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"134 3","pages":"815-816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}