Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Force variability and neural control differences in an upper and lower limb muscle.","authors":"Kherto Ahmed, Kim J Uyeno, Anita D Christie","doi":"10.1152/jn.00423.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00423.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare force variability and motor unit firing behavior between the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, and between sexes. Twelve healthy males (age: 22.7 ± 2.7 yr, height: 1.8 ± 0.1 m; weight: 70.5 ± 18.5 kg) and 12 healthy females (age: 21.4 ± 1.9 yr; height: 1.6 ± 0.04 m; weight: 64.6 ± 10.6 kg) participated in this study. Participants completed a series of force tracing tasks, including steady force and varying force, by abducting their index finger and dorsiflexing their foot at submaximal intensities while force and motor unit behavior were recorded. Muscle-related differences in the coefficient of variance (CV) of force (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.02) were sex- and task-specific. The coefficient of variation of motor unit interspike intervals (CVISI) was higher in the FDI than the TA during both the constant force and force-varying contractions (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The CVISI was greater in males than females during both tasks, in the TA only (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Neural control may differ between muscles and sexes, in a task-dependent manner.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provides a unique, comprehensive comparison of the control of force and motor unit firing rates between a muscle in the upper and lower limb, and between sexes. Our findings identify differences in neural control between muscles and sexes; however, these differences were not observed in force control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1468-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of dwell time on the contextual effect of visual and passive lead-in movements.","authors":"Laura Alvarez-Hidalgo, David W Franklin, Ian S Howard","doi":"10.1152/jn.00501.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00501.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contextual cues arising from distinct movements are crucial in shaping control strategies for human movement. Here, we examine the impact of visual and passive lead-in movement cues on unimanual motor learning, focusing on the influence of \"dwell time,\" where two-part movements are separated by the interval between the end of the first movement and the start of the second. We used a robotic manipulandum to implement a point-to-point interference task with switching opposing viscous curl fields in male and female human participants. Consistent with prior research, in both visual and passive lead-in conditions, participants showed significant adaptation to opposing dynamics with short dwell times. As dwell time increased for both visual and passive signals, past movement information had less contextual influence. However, the efficacy of visual movement cues declined more rapidly as dwell times increased. At dwell times greater than 800 ms, the contextual influence of prior visual movement was small, whereas the effectiveness of passive lead-in movement was found to be significantly greater. This indicates that the effectiveness of sensory movement cues in motor learning is modality dependent. We hypothesize that such differences may arise because proprioceptive signals directly relate to arm movements, whereas visual inputs exhibit longer latency and, in addition, can relate to many aspects of movement in the environment and not just to our own arm movements. Therefore, the motor system may not always find visual movement cues as relevant for predictive control of dynamics.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This research uncovers, for the first time, how visual and proprioceptive sensory cues affect motor learning as a function of the pause or \"dwell time\" in two-part movements. The study has shown that visual lead-in movement cues lose their effectiveness sooner than passive lead-in movement cues as dwell time increases. By revealing the modality-dependent nature of sensory information, this study enhances our understanding of motor control and opens new possibilities for improving therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1520-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlimb reflexes of the lower limb elicited by femoral nerve stimulation in able-bodied persons.","authors":"Britta L Meyer, Finja Beermann, Jakob Langmann, Thomas Stieglitz, Cristian Pasluosta, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting","doi":"10.1152/jn.00249.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00249.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory feedback arising from muscles in the lower limb makes an important contribution to the activation of muscles on the opposite side. To date little is known about this interlimb communication for muscles of the upper leg. Here, we quantify interlimb reflexes of the quadriceps muscles elicited by femoral nerve stimulation. The reflex response of 10 able-bodied participants was analyzed at eight stimulation intensities [0.7× motor threshold (MT)-100% maximal M-wave (M-max)], during standing and sitting. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of the contralateral vastus lateralis (cVL), rectus femoris (cRF), biceps femoris (cBF), and soleus (cSOL) muscle were analyzed. Significant inhibitory long-latency responses were observed at stimulation intensities higher than 0.7 × MT, for the cVL and cRF. Onset latencies ranged from 67 ± 12 ms to 70 ± 13 ms during standing and from 61 ± 14 ms to 67 ± 15 ms during sitting. The strongest depression (-32.39% compared with baseline EMG activity) was observed for the cRF during standing at 50% M-max. The cBF showed excitatory long-latency responses during standing (strongest at 100% M-max with +52.36%) and inhibitory once during sitting, and small excitatory short-latency responses during standing. The cSOL showed inhibitory long-latency responses (-18.15% at 25% M-max) during standing. In conclusion, the results show that femoral nerve stimulation elicits consistent contralateral reflex responses in the quadriceps muscles. The occurrence at all intensities suggests that group Ia, Ib, and II afferents are involved in the pathways.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study introduced a method to consistently elicit contralateral reflex responses in the quadriceps muscles through femoral nerve stimulation. Responses of the contralateral vastus lateralis (cVL), contralateral rectus femoris (cRF), and contralateral soleus (cSOL) occurred only in the long-latency range, whereas the contralateral biceps femoris (cBF) showed small short-latency and long-latency activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1538-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three decades of the LATER model.","authors":"Chrystalina A Antoniades","doi":"10.1152/jn.00113.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00113.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1380-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation of A13 region evokes robust locomotory response in rats.","authors":"Anupam Bisht, Cecilia Badenhorst, Zelma H T Kiss, Kartikeya Murari, Patrick J Whelan","doi":"10.1152/jn.00019.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00019.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a common therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms, but gait dysfunction remains a challenge. This study investigated the A13 region of the medial zona incerta (mZI), as a novel target for alleviating gait deficits. We hypothesized that A13-DBS would enhance locomotor activity and promote exploratory behavior in rats. Nine Long-Evans rats were implanted with wireless DBS devices targeting the A13 region. Open-field tests evaluated locomotor responses, with DBS parameters (amplitude, pulse width, and frequency) optimized for locomotion without adverse effects. Locomotor activity was quantified by total distance traveled. Exploratory metrics, including time in the center of the open field and supported rearing counts, were also analyzed. Cellular activation within the A13 region was assessed using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Computer simulations modeled electric field distribution to estimate the stimulation volume. A13-DBS significantly increased locomotor activity during stimulation, with a sustained elevation poststimulation. Supported rearing, indicative of exploratory behavior, was also significantly increased. Histological analysis confirmed robust activation of A13 region neurons with minimal spread. Simulations estimated electric field spread within 0.7 mm of the electrode tip, indicating targeted stimulation. These findings demonstrate that tuned A13-DBS evokes a robust locomotor response without apparent anxiogenic effects. This suggests the A13 region may be a promising target for managing PD gait dysfunction. Wireless DBS in freely moving rats allowed assessment of open-field behaviors, supporting A13-DBS viability in future studies.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study demonstrates that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the A13 region in rats robustly increases locomotor activity without inducing anxiety using a novel wireless stimulation approach. This suggests A13 may be a promising therapeutic target for gait dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. The use of wireless DBS in freely moving rats also provided valuable insights into open field behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1594-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal obstructive sleep apneas in a mouse model of Down syndrome.","authors":"Manon Moreau, Amélia Madani, Rodolphe Dard, Nathaly Romero, Maud Ringot, Marie-Pia d'Ortho, Plamen Bokov, Nathalie Janel, Boris Matrot","doi":"10.1152/jn.00001.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00001.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease caused by a third copy of chromosome 21, leading to various physical features, developmental and cognitive delays, and intellectual disability. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in children with DS, with severity reported to be inversely related to age and culminating in neonates. OSA causes intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, which may have detrimental effects on health and development. Consequently, there are concerns about the impact of OSA on neurodevelopmental disorders associated with DS, particularly in neonates. Dp(16)1Yey mice, a genetically engineered model of DS, exhibit cognitive impairments and characteristics typically associated with OSA, including craniofacial hypoplasia and reduced upper airway volume in adulthood. To investigate the contribution of respiratory-related disorders to DS pathophysiology, we examined the cardio-respiratory phenotype of Dp(16)1Yey mice at birth, with special attention to OSA, using a pneumotachograph and a facemask combined with a laser abdominal profilometer to distinguish obstructive, central, and mixed apneas. Dp(16)1Yey mouse pups exhibited lower weight and heart rates compared to their wild-type counterparts. Baseline breathing variables and responses to hypercapnia were similar between the two groups. Obstructive apneas were observed in both Dp(16)1Yey and wild-type mice, but the total time spent in obstructive apneas was longer in Dp(16)1Yey mice, due to their longer mean duration. These findings highlight the relevance of the Dp(16)1Yey model for studying OSA in DS during the neonatal period and for investigating the contribution of early respiratory disorders to DS pathology.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Severe obstructive sleep apnea is prevalent in neonates with Down syndrome, but neonatal breathing disorders remain unexplored in mouse models. Using the Dp(16)1Yey model, we observed prolonged obstructive apneas and lower heart rates at birth in mutant pups compared to wild-type littermates. This preclinical model provides a novel platform to study neonatal obstructive sleep apnea in Down syndrome and its contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with Down syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1551-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual task reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: does the cognitive task domain make a difference?","authors":"Jessica Pitts, Lakshmi Kannan, Tony Szturm, Tanvi Bhatt","doi":"10.1152/jn.00034.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00034.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) demonstrate higher cognitive-motor interference (CMI) than cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) during dual tasking. However, studies have rarely examined how dual tasking affects reactive balance control in OAwMCI, or the effect of different cognitive task domains. This study compared how four cognitive tasks affected CMI during reactive balance control in OAwMCI vs. CIOA. In this study, 38 OAwMCI [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): 18-25] and 38 CIOA (MoCA ≥ 26) were included and exposed to anterior support surface perturbations in single task and while performing four cognitive tasks: two visuomotor tasks (Target, Track), auditory clock test (ACT), and letter number sequencing (LNS). Cognitive tasks were also completed during unperturbed standing. In both single and dual task conditions, OAwMCI had a higher fall rate and lower reactive center of mass (COM) stability than CIOA. Reactive balance performance deteriorated in both groups while performing Target and Track, although was not affected by ACT or LNS. Cognitive performance was lower in dual vs. single task on the Target, Track, and LNS for both groups, although OAwMCI had higher cognitive costs than CIOA. These findings suggest that dual tasking could increase fall risk in both OAwMCI and CIOA, although visuomotor tasks induced greater CMI than executive function/working memory tasks, suggesting greater sharing of resources with reactive balance control. Furthermore, OAwMCI could experience higher CMI due to damage in sensorimotor areas involved in triggering/executing reactive balance responses, along with multidomain cognitive decline. Comprehensive dual task assessments could identify domain-specific cognitive decline in OAwMCI.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Although OAwMCI have higher CMI than CIOA during volitional balance tasks, it is unclear how dual tasking involving different cognitive domains affects reactive balance control in OAwMCI. This study showed that dual tasking could impair reactive balance responses in both CIOA and OAwMCI, although OAwMCI experienced greater performance deteriorations in dual vs. single task conditions. Furthermore, visuomotor tasks induced higher CMI than executive function/working memory tasks, suggesting greater sharing of resources with reactive balance control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent effects of peptides on the initiation of feeding motor programs in the mollusk <i>Aplysia</i>.","authors":"Colin G Evans, Michael A Barry, Carrie N Reaver, Paras R Patel, Cynthia A Chestek, Matthew H Perkins, Jian Jing, Elizabeth C Cropper","doi":"10.1152/jn.00042.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00042.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropeptides configure the feeding network of <i>Aplysia</i>. For example, egestive activity is promoted by small cardioactive peptide (SCP), and ingestive activity is promoted by a combination of feeding circuit activating peptide (FCAP) and cerebral peptide 2 (CP-2). In addition, SCP and FCAP/CP-2 have a common network effect that does not contribute to motor program specification. They increase the excitability of an interneuron, B63. In this report, we further characterized the effects of peptides on B63. We performed voltage-clamp experiments and used a step protocol to look at steady-state currents. We found that SCP and FCAP/CP-2 both induced an inward current that was virtually absent in low-sodium saline. Previous work has established that B63 is unusual in the feeding circuit in that subthreshold depolarizations are autonomously generated that can trigger motor programs. Here, we show that this autonomous activity is more frequent in the presence of peptides. Previous studies have also shown that activity of the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) can be initiated by neurons that excite B63, e.g., by cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2), a projection neuron that triggers biting-like motor programs. Here, we show that the latency of CBI-2-induced activity is decreased by stimulation of the esophageal nerve (EN) (which releases endogenous SCP). These results, taken together with previous results, indicate that peptides that act divergently to configure network activity additionally act convergently to promote motor program induction. We present data that suggest that this arrangement facilitates brief switches between ingestive and egestive motor activity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The activity of most networks is affected by multiple neuromodulators. Studies that have sought to determine why this is the case have focused on how the effects of one modulator differ from those of another (how modulators uniquely determine motor output). This study differs in that we ask why a convergent (common) network modification is important. We show that it can promote program induction and present data that suggest this may have consequences for task switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1368-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direction-selective neurons in macaque V4.","authors":"Pengcheng Li, Heng Ma, Haidong D Lu","doi":"10.1152/jn.00405.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00405.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mammalian visual system, direction-selective (DS) neurons prefer visual motion in a particular direction and are specialized for visual motion processing. In area V4 of the macaque, about 13% neurons are direction-selective and form clusters (DS domains). The functional role of DS neurons in this form-processing area is still unknown. We implanted electrode arrays targeting these DS domains and recorded neurons' responses to moving stimuli such as gratings and simple shapes. We found that DS neurons were similar to non-DS neurons in their receptive field sizes and orientation-selectivity properties. However, population-wise, DS neurons responded slower and had lower firing rates than non-DS neurons, contrary to their traditional role in motion processing. In addition, direction selectivity of V4 neurons was stimulus-dependent (i.e., not invariant). DS neurons identified with grating stimuli may not exhibit direction selectivity to other types of stimuli such as random dots or contour shapes. These results suggest that, unlike DS neurons in other areas, V4 DS neurons may have a unique origin for their direction selectivity and nontraditional roles in visual motion processing.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The functional role of direction-selective (DS) neurons in the ventral pathway is unclear. We studied DS neurons in area V4 of awake macaques. Interestingly, these neurons have slower responses and lower firing rates than those non-DS neurons. In addition, direction selectivity of these neurons was stimulus-type dependent. DS neurons in V4 may play a functional role different from those typical DS neurons in V1 or MT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1572-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off between search costs and accuracy in oculomotor and manual search tasks.","authors":"Ilja Wagner, Jan Tünnermann, Anna Schubö, Alexander C Schütz","doi":"10.1152/jn.00488.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00488.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans must weigh various factors when choosing between competing courses of action. In case of eye movements, for example, a recent study demonstrated that the human oculomotor system trades off the temporal costs of eye movements against their perceptual benefits when choosing between competing visual search targets. Here, we compared such trade-offs between different effectors. Participants were shown search displays with targets and distractors from two stimulus sets. In each trial, they chose which target to search for, and, after finding it, discriminated a target feature. Targets differed in their search costs (how many target-similar distractors were shown) and discrimination difficulty. Participants were rewarded or penalized based on whether the target's feature was discriminated correctly. In addition, participants were given a limited time to complete trials. Critically, they inspected search items either by eye movements only or by manual actions (tapping a stylus on a tablet). Results show that participants traded off search costs and discrimination difficulty of competing targets for both effectors, allowing them to perform close to the predictions of an ideal observer model. However, behavioral analysis and computational modeling revealed that oculomotor search performance was more strongly constrained by decision-noise (what target to choose) and sampling-noise (what information to sample during search) than manual search. We conclude that the trade-off between search costs and discrimination accuracy constitutes a general mechanism to optimize decision-making, regardless of the effector used. However, slow-paced manual actions are more robust against the detrimental influence of noise, compared with fast-paced eye movements.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Humans trade off costs and perceptual benefits of eye movements for decision-making. Is this trade-off effector-specific or does it constitute a general decision-making principle? Here, we investigated this question by contrasting eye movements and manual actions (tapping a stylus on a tablet) in a search task. We found evidence for a cost-benefit trade-off in both effectors, however, eye movements were more strongly compromised by noise at different levels of decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}