Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms involved in corticotropin-releasing factor-induced excitation of entorhinal neurons and facilitation of glutamate release at the perforant pathway.","authors":"Chidiebele S Oraegbuna, Lalitha Kurada, Huiming Li, Saobo Lei","doi":"10.1152/jn.00131.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00131.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The entorhinal cortex (EC) is closely related to emotional control, consolidation and recall of memories, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and temporal lobe epilepsy. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is also implicated in these physiological functions and pathological disorders. Although both CRF peptide and CRF₂ receptors are expressed in the EC, their roles and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in the EC have not been determined. Here, we found that activation of CRF₂ receptors excited layer II principal neurons in the medial EC of rats and mice aged 18 to 28 days via elevation of intracellular cAMP level without the requirement of protein kinase A (PKA). Construction of the current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the CRF-induced currents suggested that CRF-induced excitation of layer II entorhinal neurons was mediated by activation of HCN channels and depression of inwardly rectifying K⁺ (Kir) channels. With perforated-patch recording, we further found that CRF upregulated <i>I</i>_h currents recorded from layer II EC neurons by elevation of intracellular cAMP. Activation of CRF₂ receptors further enhanced glutamate release at the perforant path (PP)-dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell (GC) synapses via enlarging the size of the readily releasable pool. HCN channels and elevation of presynaptic Ca²⁺ were involved in CRF-mediated augmentation of glutamate release at the PP-GC synapses. Our results may provide a cellular and molecular mechanism to explain the functions of CRF in vivo.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) excites entorhinal neurons and facilitates glutamate release at the perforant path (PP)-granule cell (GC) synapses by activating CRF2 receptors. CRF2-mediated elevation of cAMP activates HCN channels and depresses Kir channels to depolarize entorhinal cortex neurons. CRF-mediated depolarization leads to an increase in intracellular calcium resulting in augmentation of the readily releasable pool size to facilitate glutamate release at the PP-GC synapses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"429-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locomotor CPG of mammals: the role of pacemaker and network mechanisms.","authors":"Yuri I Arshavsky","doi":"10.1152/jn.00208.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00208.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"50-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional segregation of cortical hand and speech areas by frequency detuning of an intrinsic motor rhythm.","authors":"Ioanna Anastasopoulou, Douglas O Cheyne, Blake W Johnson","doi":"10.1152/jn.00546.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00546.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many decades after Penfield's (Penfield W, Boldrey E. Brain 60: 389-443, 1937) classic depiction of the motor homunculus, it remains unclear how spatially contiguous and interconnected representations within human sensorimotor cortex might separate their activities to achieve the directed and precise control of distinct body regions evident in activities as different as typing and speaking. One long-standing but relatively neglected explanation draws from models of simple physical systems (like swinging pendulums) to posit that small differences in the oscillatory properties of neuronal populations (termed \"frequency detuning\") can result in highly effective segregation of their activities and outputs. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the peak frequencies of beta-band (13-30 Hz) motor rhythms measured in a magnetoencephalographic neuroimaging study of finger and speech movements in a group of healthy adults and a group of typically developing children. Our results confirm a peak frequency task difference (speech movement vs. hand movement) of about 1.5 Hz in the beta motor rhythms of both left and right hemispheres in adults. A comparable task difference was obtained in children for the left but not for the right hemisphere. These results provide novel support for the role of frequency detuning in the functional organization of the brain and suggest that this mechanism should play a more prominent role in current models of bodily representations and their development within the sensorimotor cortex.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This work is the first evidence for frequency detuning of an intrinsic motor rhythm in spatially contiguous regions of primary motor cortex associated with hand and speech movements, supporting a mechanism of functional segregation that has been largely overlooked by current models of motor cortex organization. Our results from children further provide the first evidence for frequency detuning in the developing brain, indicating an early-developing mechanism with later refinements of hemispheric control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible tapping synchronization in macaques: dynamic switching of timing strategies within rhythmic sequences.","authors":"Ameyaltzin Castillo-Almazán, Oswaldo Pérez, Luis Prado, Nori Jacoby, Hugo Merchant","doi":"10.1152/jn.00158.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00158.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to synchronize bodily movements with regular auditory rhythm across a broad range of tempos underlies humans' capacity for playing music and dancing. This capability is prevalent across human cultures but relatively uncommon among non-human species. Recent research indicates that monkeys can predictively synchronize to regular, isochronous metronomes, exhibiting a preference for visual rather than auditory sequences. In this study, we trained macaques to perform a visual synchronization tapping task, testing their synchronization abilities over a wide tempo range and characterizing their precision and accuracy in timing intervals throughout rhythmic sequences. Additionally, we investigated whether the macaques employed priors or error correction strategies to maintain synchrony with the metronome. Our findings demonstrate that, following sufficient training, macaques exhibit a remarkable capability to synchronize across diverse tempos. Through an inference model analysis, we identified two distinct timing control strategies used by the macaques: an initial strong regression-to-the-mean effect transitioning dynamically into a more precise error correction approach at their preferred tempo. These results provide compelling evidence that primates possess sophisticated rhythmic timing mechanisms, effectively leveraging internal and external cues to regulate their tapping behavior according to task demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-induced shifts and temperature compensation in the tuning of motion-sensitive neurons of bumblebees.","authors":"Bianca Jaske, Keram Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1152/jn.00013.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00013.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bumblebees are poikilothermic insects, i.e., their body temperature generally follows the ambient temperature. However, within certain boundaries, bumblebees are able to increase their body temperature above the ambient temperature through shivering thermogenesis. Biophysical processes, including neuronal activity, depend on temperature. In the past, the influence of temperature on sensory systems and neuronal coding was investigated in different insect species. Most studies described a temperature dependency of neuronal responses, yet some behavioral processes require robust encoding of information. Here we investigated the influence of temperature on the tuning of wide-field motion-sensitive neurons in the central brain of bumblebees. Using multiunit recordings, we examined neuronal tuning properties to translational motion by presenting moving gratings at two head temperature conditions. Although the tuning of most neurons showed a temperature dependency, some neurons stayed unaffected within the tested temperature range. In a third group of neurons the tuning was not affected by temperature for one movement direction of the stimulus, whereas the response to the opposite direction was temperature dependent. These different response types might serve different behavioral functions. Neurons that are involved in the control of self-motion might require temperature-dependent response properties, because bumblebees fly faster at higher temperatures and therefore experience faster optic flow. Other behaviors that rely on optic flow (e.g., measuring distance traveled) require a robust, temperature-independent encoding of optic flow information. Hence, neurons that respond largely independently of temperature are required for this task. Our findings suggest a function-dependent level of temperature compensation in different populations of motion-sensitive neurons.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Bumblebees need to cope with varying temperatures of their body and head, which depend both on ambient temperature and on self-generated heat. To investigate the impact of changing head temperature on response properties of motion-sensitive neurons in the bumblebee central brain we used multiunit recordings to measure responses at different temperatures. We show that the bumblebee central brain comprises both temperature-dependent and temperature-compensated motion-sensitive neurons, which might account for different behavioral functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1675-1691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated angiogenin and related pathways in the ventral midbrain of \"redhead\" mice with MC1R disruption.","authors":"Qing Wang, Ling Aye, Jackson G Schumacher, Aidan Swan, Waijiao Cai, Chienwen Su, Xiqun Chen, Kai Yang","doi":"10.1152/jn.00627.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00627.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A relationship between the melanoma-related pigmentation gene melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been previously suggested. The present study aims to investigate the gene expression pattern in the ventral midbrain (VMB) of MC1R extension (<i>MC1R</i>^e/e) mice to provide insights into the underlying mechanism of dopaminergic neuron loss in these mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted on VMB tissues from <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice and their wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J littermates. Gene expression levels and pathway activity were assessed using differential gene expression analysis, Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To validate the RNA-seq results, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting (WB), and ELISA were performed. Our analyses found significant transcriptomic differences in the VMB between <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice and WT controls. Several immune response-related pathways were identified to be downregulated in the <i>MC1R</i>^e/e group. Angiogenin (ANG) was implicated in several of the enriched pathways in <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice. Furthermore, <i>Ang</i> was found to be significantly downregulated in the VMB of <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice, which was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels. There was no significant difference in Ang protein levels in the serum of <i>MC1R</i>^e/e and WT mice. Our results suggest a differential gene expression pattern in the VMB as a result of MC1R mutation. Notably, lower Ang expression may be involved in the neuronal loss observed in the VMB of the <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Our study identifies reduced angiogenin (<i>Ang</i>) expression in the ventral midbrain (VMB) of <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice, validated through RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. This CNS-specific downregulation suggests localized regulatory mechanisms linked to neuroprotection and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. <i>Ang</i>'s role in neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress responses highlights its therapeutic potential in PD. These findings provide critical insights into <i>Ang</i>'s CNS-specific function and underscore the importance of further research into its mechanistic role in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1740-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force sensing in small animals: recording response properties and modeling of tibial campaniform sensilla in blow flies.","authors":"Sasha N Zill, Sumaiya Chaudhry, Hibba Chaudhry, Nicholas Szczecinski","doi":"10.1152/jn.00044.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00044.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detecting force is an essential part of control of posture and walking in many animals. We have characterized and modeled sense organs (campaniform sensilla) that detect forces in larger insects. In the present study, we have recorded the activities of the hindleg tibial group of sensilla in blow flies (<i>Calliphora vicina</i>), animals with very low body weight. Forces applied to the leg as ramp and hold functions, with joint movements resisted, elicited discharges that reflected both the force magnitude and rate of change of forces. Furthermore, sensory signals showed hysteresis and firing was strongly inhibited by small phasic decreases when forces were applied as waveforms that gradually increased to reach a level (asymptotic exponential functions). These results were also tested in a mathematical model of force encoding by campaniform sensilla in larger insects, which successfully reproduced the receptor responses. These findings support the idea that force detection scales to body weight and that monitoring force magnitude and dynamics may be necessary even in animals with minimal mass. Force detection may be ubiquitous because it monitors the effectiveness of muscle contractions. It can also alert the nervous system to leg slipping or destabilizing perturbations and, thus, be advantageous in both small and large animals and in walking machines.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Force sensing is advantageous in walking and can signal leg slipping that could destabilize support of body weight, prior to changes in body position. Recordings of strain-detecting campaniform sensilla in blow fly legs showed force encoding in ranges reflecting their minimal body weight but firing was also inhibited by very small transient force decreases. A mathematical model of the receptors reproduced these characteristics and could aid in control of walking machines, independent of size and mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1749-1760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does precision grip research extend to unconstrained, multidigit grasping?","authors":"Fabrizio Lepori, Frieder T Hartmann, Kira I Dehn, Manuela Chessa, Roland W Fleming, Guido Maiello","doi":"10.1152/jn.00008.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00008.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most daily tasks require using our hands. Whether taking a sip from a glass or throwing a ball, we effortlessly select appropriate grasps. Yet, despite many possible hand configurations, most grasping research has focused on the finger-and-thumb \"precision grip.\" We thus questioned whether findings on precision grip-such as sensitivity to object mass and material configuration-hold under unconstrained grasping conditions. To test this, we compared how participants grasped three-dimensional (3-D) objects made of brass and wood, with both precision grip and unconstrained grasps. When unconstrained, participants rarely selected precision grips, favoring multidigit grasps. Nevertheless, in both conditions, participants shifted their grasps toward the objects' center of mass and, when grasp factors conflicted, the variability in their selections increased, indicating greater uncertainty about the optimal strategy. Furthermore, despite favoring multidigit grasps, participants consistently placed the thumb and index finger on the same positions on the objects, suggesting that in multidigit grasps, the additional fingers primarily provided support. Our findings thus reveal that object material affects unconstrained grasping similarly to precision grip and imply that previous precision grip research may extend to unconstrained, multidigit conditions.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Most grasping research focuses on two-digit \"precision grips,\" yet humans have more than two fingers. Here, we test whether previous precision grip findings apply to unconstrained grasping. We find that participants often use more than two digits when free to choose but consistently place their thumb and index finger similarly on objects regardless of the number of fingers used. Our results thus highlight how the large body of precision grip literature can extend to multidigit grasping.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1836-1843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiomotor dynamics of hand movements during the drawing of memory-guided trajectories without visual feedback.","authors":"Christopher W Tyler, Kristyo N Mineff, Michael Liang, Lora T Likova","doi":"10.1152/jn.00153.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00153.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the underlying principles of the spatiomotor dynamics during human movement execution are now broadly understood to conform to a minimum jerk principle, the question addressed in the present analysis is whether different principles operate during human drawing movements without visual input, deriving from studies of the Likova Cognitive-Kinesthetic Memory-Drawing Training. For two groups of participants, completely blind, and sighted but temporarily blindfolded, this analysis shows that the consensus model of arm-motion kinematics as a simple one-third power relationship of drawing speed to the local curvature of the line being drawn is not a sufficient characterization of their coupling. Instead, the drawing dynamics without visual feedback conform to a hyperbolic power relationship, with a coupling power of approximately 1.0 for regions of the highest curvature, asymptoting to curvature-independence for regions of shallow curvature, for both blind and blindfolded groups. Thus, the asymptotic power was much higher than the one-third power predicted by the minimum jerk principle. In detail, the maximum-velocity asymptote for both groups averaged about 6 cm/s for drawing from memory, increasing to more than twice as fast for mindless scribbling. We conclude that the more elaborate operating principle of a hyperbolic saturation function, with a power asymptote of about 1.0, may be interpreted as an adaptive implementation approximating the Minimum Jerk Principle of the simple one-third power law relating velocity and curvature.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study reevaluates the one-third power law proposed to govern arm-motion kinematics relating drawing speed to the local curvature of the line being drawn. For complex drawings guided by memory without visual feedback, we find that the relationship is better characterized as a steeper power function that asymptotes to a constant speed for shallow curvatures, empirically approximating the predictions of the minimum jerk principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1665-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-shot detection of microscale tactile features.","authors":"Sasha Reschechtko, Wylianne R Pangan, Reza Zeinal Zadeh, J Andrew Pruszynski","doi":"10.1152/jn.00414.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00414.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tactile detection of very small features requires relative motion between the fingertip and a surface. The specific movement strategies that people use may be critical to maximize detection ability, but little is known about the movement strategies people use to support such detection. Here, human participants actively scanned a fingertip across a pair of silica wafers to detect which of the two contained a microscale feature (2, 6, and 10 μm height and 525 μm diameter). We constrained fingertip movement to ensure that participants would always contact the feature and would only contact the feature once. These procedures encouraged participants to use strategies that optimized detection rather than search and thus allowed us to more directly link movement strategies to detection. We also investigated the effects of fingertip movement direction and the finger used on detection. We found that participants were able to consistently detect microscale features as small as 2 μm from a single contact event. The contact forces that participants used were substantially higher than those observed in previous studies focused on tactile search or geometric feature extraction. Scanning speeds were slower than those found during tactile search but faster than those reported during geometric feature extraction. Taken in conjunction with the associations between detection and finger used and scan direction, our results suggest that control and consistency of fingertip movement may be a primary consideration for movement strategies that optimize tactile detection.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We investigated the movement strategies that people use to optimize tactile detection of micron height features from a single contact. In contrast to previous studies, our experimental paradigm focused on tactile detection rather than tactile search or the extraction of geometric information from tactile stimuli. Participants' strategies differed from those observed in other tactile tasks, suggesting that they prioritized the control and consistency of fingertip movement to optimize tactile detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1997-2005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}