Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Visual context affects the perceived timing of tactile sensations elicited through intra-cortical microstimulation: a case study of two participants.","authors":"Isabelle A Rosenthal, Luke Bashford, David Bjanes, Kelsie Pejsa, Brian Lee, Charles Liu, Richard A Andersen","doi":"10.1152/jn.00518.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00518.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-cortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a technique to provide tactile sensations for a somatosensory brain-machine interface (BMI). A viable BMI must function within the rich, multisensory environment of the real world, but how ICMS is integrated with other sensory modalities is poorly understood. To investigate how ICMS percepts are integrated with visual information, ICMS and visual stimuli were delivered at varying times relative to one another. Both visual context and ICMS current amplitude were found to bias the qualitative experience of ICMS. In two tetraplegic participants, ICMS and visual stimuli were more likely to be experienced as occurring simultaneously in a realistic visual condition compared to an abstract one, demonstrating an effect of visual context on the temporal binding window. The peak of the temporal binding window varied but was consistently offset from zero, suggesting that multisensory integration with ICMS can suffer from temporal misalignment. Recordings from primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during catch trials where visual stimuli were delivered without ICMS demonstrated that S1 represents visual information related to ICMS across visual contexts. This study was a part of a clinical trial (NCT01964261).</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflex regulation of respiration and heart rate by inhaled activators of vagal bronchopulmonary afferents.","authors":"Teresa S Darcey, Justin Shane Hooper, Sanjay S Nair, Karina V Lurye, Seol-Hee Kim, Stephen H Hadley, Mayur J Patil, Thomas E Taylor-Clark","doi":"10.1152/jn.00248.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00248.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activation of airway sensory afferent nerves causes respiratory and autonomic reflexes. Most airway afferents are activated by noxious stimuli, such as inflammation, irritants, and pollutants. Activation evokes protective reflexes such as cough, bronchospasm, and changes in respiration and cardiovascular function. Airway nociceptors, projecting from the vagal ganglia (nodose and jugular ganglion), are heterogeneous with respect to gene expression and neuroanatomy. Here we have characterized the cardiorespiratory reflexes in conscious mice evoked by activation of specific afferent subsets by inhaled stimuli. Capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, TRPA1 agonist) evoked bradypnea associated with increased tidal volume and increased time of inspiration (T_I), expiration (T_E) and respiratory pause (T_P). AITC evoked greater bradycardia than capsaicin. AITC-evoked bradycardia was abolished by muscarinic inhibitor atropine, implicating a parasympathetic-mediated reflex. We expressed the chemogenetic hM3Dq DREADD receptor under the control of TRPV1^Cre (nociceptive), TRPV1^Flp (nociceptive), P2X2^Cre (nodose) or Tac1^cre (peptidergic) genes using various combinations of mouse models and intraganglionic injections of adeno-associated viral vectors. hM3Dq-expressing airway afferents were activated by inhalation of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). CNO activation of TRPV1⁺ afferents evoked bradycardia and bradypnea, associated with increased T_I, T_E and T_P. CNO activation of P2X2⁺ and vagal P2X2⁺TRPV1⁺ afferents evoked bradycardia and bradypnea, associated with increased T_P. CNO activation of Tac1⁺ afferents evoked bradycardia, whereas activation of vagal Tac1⁺TRPV1⁺ afferents evoked bradycardia and bradypnea, associated with increased T_E but not increased T_P. Our data suggest that multiple functionally distinct subsets of vagal nociceptors innervate the airways that can differentially regulate cardiorespiratory function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of two adaptation processes in a visuomotor rotation task.","authors":"Alexis Berland, Youssouf Ismail Cherifi, Alexis Paljic, Emmanuel Guigon","doi":"10.1152/jn.00041.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00041.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor adaptation is a learning process that enables humans to regain proficiency when sensorimotor conditions are sustainably altered. Many studies have documented the properties of motor adaptation, yet the underlying mechanisms of motor adaptation remain imperfectly understood. In this study, we propose a computational analysis of adaptation to a visuomotor rotation task and examine it through an experiment. Our analysis suggests that two distinct processes contribute to produce adaptation: one which straightens trajectories, and another which redirects trajectories. We designed a visuomotor rotation task in a 3D virtual environment where human participants performed a pointing task using a head-mounted display controller represented by a cursor that was visually rotated by an angular deviation relative to its actual position. We observed that: (1) the trajectories were initially curved and misdirected, and became straighter and better directed with learning; (2) the straightening process occurred faster than the redirection process. These findings are consistent with our computational analysis and disclose a new and different perspective on motor adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modelling of speed microcircuits in larval zebrafish spinal cord with <i>Sili</i>Fish.","authors":"Emine Topcu, Tuan Vu Bui","doi":"10.1152/jn.00393.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00393.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Larval zebrafish display various types of swimming behaviours that require a wide range of tail beat frequencies (TBF). Experimental data strongly suggest that these TBF ranges are generated by different speed microcircuits within the spinal cord assembled by neurons arising from different neuronal populations. How these different microcircuits generate different swimming speeds and interact with other microcircuits is not well understood. To gain a better understanding of the organizations and roles of the speed microcircuits, we developed a computational model informed by previous studies of zebrafish spinal speed microcircuits, using a software tool we developed for modelling spinal circuits for swimming. The model we created had slow, intermediate, and fast-speed microcircuits that were able to generate different TBF ranges as reported. We were also able to replicate several experimental findings on spinal neurons for zebrafish swimming to support the validity of the model. Our simulation suggests that the intrinsic properties of the neurons and their connectivity led to the activation of specific speed circuits that were embedded within the whole spinal cord model.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic muscle activation impacts muscle spindles projecting to mouse trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus.","authors":"Evrim O Yılmaz, Bernhard Englitz, Can A Yucesoy","doi":"10.1152/jn.00196.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00196.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle spindles (MSs) are essential for conveying sensory information about changes in muscle fiber lengths. Epimuscular myofascial force transmission (EMFT) occurs through mechanical connections between muscular and connective tissues and yields strain variability along muscle fibers. As those connective tissues also surround the MSs, EMFT effects imply a direct interaction of motor action and mechanoreceptor response. However, the sensory implications of EMFT remain poorly understood, limiting our understanding of muscle control. We investigated the impact of synergistic muscle activity on MS feedback by recording neuronal activity from the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Me5) in mice. Using a modernized protocol, we applied mechanical stimuli to identify MS afferents while preserving epimuscular connections between mastication muscles. For the first time <i>in vivo</i>, we identified MS afferents from the masseter and temporalis muscles projecting to Me5 in mice using electrophysiological recordings, partly confirmed by histological analysis. Their firing properties were comparable to those in larger animals. We then assessed how MSs respond to local length changes induced by intramuscular electrical stimulation of a synergistic muscle. Our results showed that activating the temporalis muscle significantly influenced MS activity in the masseter MSs (n = 44), while activating the masseter led to a non-significant change in the firing rate of temporalis MSs (n = 7). The findings suggest that synergistic muscle activity impacts MS feedback through a combination of neural and mechanical mechanisms, with mechanical factors likely dominant. We conclude that EMFT contributes to sensorimotor integration, making synergistic muscle activity an important determinant for MS feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat therapy increases brain HSP-70 and BDNF content in male mice.","authors":"Sarah Bellaflor, Michael K Barfoot, Jayden Boddy, Phillip J Wallace, Ryan W Baranowski, Stephen S Cheung, Val A Fajardo, Rebecca E K MacPherson","doi":"10.1152/jn.00301.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00301.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play important roles in protein homeostasis, with HSP70 linked to a role in neuroprotection. HSP70 is upregulated in response to various stressors, such as heat therapy (HT), which has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) content. BDNF reduces the activity of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides that form the characteristic Aβ plaques observed in Alzheimer's disease brains. The current pilot study examined whether 4 weeks of HT can increase HSP70 and BDNF content (pro and mature forms) in the brain, as well as alter markers of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. Male mice had their core temperature maintained between 37.0-38.0° in Control (CON, n = 16) and 40.5-41.5° in Heat Therapy (HT, n = 16) for 20-minutes every 72 hours over 4-weeks. 72 hours after the last treatment, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were collected. HT significantly increased HSP70 levels in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex compared to controls (p = 0.0007, PFC CON=1.001 [0.314], PFC HT=1.546 [0.948], HIP CON=1.000 [0.356], HIP HT=2.207 [0.756]). In the HIP, proBDNF levels were also higher in the HT group relative to both the control group and the PFC (p < 0.05, PFC CON=1.000 [0.156], PFC HT = 0.984 [0.607], HIP CON=1.001 [0.242], HIP HT=1.575 [0.482]. There were no differences in mature BDNF in either PFC or HIP regions (p>0.05, PFC CON=1.000 [0.273], PFC HT=1.174 [0.266], HIP CON=0.999 [0.130], HIP HT=0.971 [0.207]), The findings from our pilot study suggest that HT enhances the expression of HSP70 and BDNF, indicating the potential to modulate key neuroprotective proteins. Future studies in dedicated preclinical mouse models of Alzheimer's disease using heat therapy regimen are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation for inducing sensorimotor plasticity in humans.","authors":"Federico Ranieri, Stefano Tamburin","doi":"10.1152/jn.00340.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00340.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1111-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sleep disorders and risk of stroke: insights from cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Fei Huang, Lianlin Zeng, Jianjiao Mou, Yangan Li, Kehui Hu","doi":"10.1152/jn.00246.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00246.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causal associations between various sleep disorders (SDs) and stroke risk by integrating cross-sectional observational analyses with Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018), including 7,264 participants, 270 of whom had a history of stroke. Logistic regression models assessed the association between SD and stroke risk. Eight sleep disorders were examined: sleep terrors, sleep-wake schedule disorders, sleepwalking, sleep apnea, nonorganic sleep disorder, insomnia, trouble falling asleep, and daytime dozing. Genetic instruments (single nucleotide polymorphisms) for these exposures were retrieved from the IEU Open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database, and two-sample MR analysis was conducted to infer causality. SD showed a strong positive association with stroke in the crude model [odds ratio (OR) = 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88-3.64, <i>P</i> < 0.001], which remained significant after adjusting for confounders (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.28-2.63, <i>P</i> = 0.007). MR analysis identified nonorganic sleep disorder (OR = 1.025, <i>P</i> = 0.023) and sleep apnea (OR = 1.105, <i>P</i> = 0.002) as significant risk factors for stroke. Conversely, sleepwalking showed a negative association (OR = 0.986, <i>P</i> = 0.001). No evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected, and reverse MR showed no causal effect of stroke on SD. Combining observational and genetic evidence, this study supports a causal relationship between certain SD subtypes and stroke risk. Nonorganic sleep disorders and sleep apnea may increase stroke risk, whereas sleepwalking may have a protective effect.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study uniquely combines cross-sectional analysis and Mendelian randomization to reveal a causal link between specific sleep disorders and stroke risk. It identifies nonorganic sleep disorders and sleep apnea as independent risk factors while suggesting a protective effect of sleepwalking. These findings offer novel genetic and observational evidence supporting targeted prevention strategies and highlight the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1118-1132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of audiovisual motion in dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons.","authors":"Alireza Karimi, Rana Mozumder, Adriana M Schoenhaut, Oscar G Rausis, Mark T Wallace, Ramnarayan Ramachandran, Christos Constantinidis","doi":"10.1152/jn.00289.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00289.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is well recognized for its role in cognitive functions and activating action plans. In contrast, the properties of prefrontal neurons and their role in multisensory processing are less well studied. To address this question, we recorded the responses of single units from areas 8 and 46 of two female rhesus macaques while they were presented with visual, auditory, and audiovisual motion stimuli. The majority of DLPFC neurons responded to these sensory stimuli, with similar percentages of auditory-only, visual-only, and audiovisual neurons. Approximately one-third of responsive neurons exhibited significant super- or subadditive interactions in response to the pairing of auditory and visual stimuli, revealing significant nonlinearities in their responses. Decoding motion signals from the population activity robustly differentiated multisensory from unisensory trials and also unisensory auditory and visual trials from each other. These results demonstrate that dorsolateral prefrontal neurons integrate auditory and visual motion signals, extending multisensory computations beyond sensory cortices into prefrontal circuits that support higher-order cognition.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We recorded single neurons in macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during visual, auditory, and audiovisual motion. Nearly half of the responsive neurons were multisensory, and a third displayed significant super- or subadditive interactions, while ensemble activity reliably decoded stimulus modality. These findings provide direct evidence that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) performs rapid, nonlinear audiovisual integration, extending multisensory computations beyond classical posterior regions into the prefrontal circuits that support cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Han et al.","authors":"Mads Alexander Just Madsen, Lasse Christiansen, Hartwig Roman Siebner","doi":"10.1152/jn.00411.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00411.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"134 4","pages":"1115-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}