Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Temperature-induced shifts and temperature compensation in the tuning of motion-sensitive neurons of bumblebees.","authors":"Bianca Jaske, Keram Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1152/jn.00013.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00013.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bumblebees are poikilothermic insects, i.e., their body temperature generally follows the ambient temperature. However, within certain boundaries, bumblebees are able to increase their body temperature above the ambient temperature through shivering thermogenesis. Biophysical processes, including neuronal activity, depend on temperature. In the past, the influence of temperature on sensory systems and neuronal coding was investigated in different insect species. Most studies described a temperature dependency of neuronal responses, yet some behavioral processes require robust encoding of information. Here we investigated the influence of temperature on the tuning of wide-field motion-sensitive neurons in the central brain of bumblebees. Using multiunit recordings, we examined neuronal tuning properties to translational motion by presenting moving gratings at two head temperature conditions. Although the tuning of most neurons showed a temperature dependency, some neurons stayed unaffected within the tested temperature range. In a third group of neurons the tuning was not affected by temperature for one movement direction of the stimulus, whereas the response to the opposite direction was temperature dependent. These different response types might serve different behavioral functions. Neurons that are involved in the control of self-motion might require temperature-dependent response properties, because bumblebees fly faster at higher temperatures and therefore experience faster optic flow. Other behaviors that rely on optic flow (e.g., measuring distance traveled) require a robust, temperature-independent encoding of optic flow information. Hence, neurons that respond largely independently of temperature are required for this task. Our findings suggest a function-dependent level of temperature compensation in different populations of motion-sensitive neurons.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Bumblebees need to cope with varying temperatures of their body and head, which depend both on ambient temperature and on self-generated heat. To investigate the impact of changing head temperature on response properties of motion-sensitive neurons in the bumblebee central brain we used multiunit recordings to measure responses at different temperatures. We show that the bumblebee central brain comprises both temperature-dependent and temperature-compensated motion-sensitive neurons, which might account for different behavioral functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1675-1691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiomotor dynamics of hand movements during the drawing of memory-guided trajectories without visual feedback.","authors":"Christopher W Tyler, Kristyo N Mineff, Michael Liang, Lora T Likova","doi":"10.1152/jn.00153.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00153.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the underlying principles of the spatiomotor dynamics during human movement execution are now broadly understood to conform to a minimum jerk principle, the question addressed in the present analysis is whether different principles operate during human drawing movements without visual input, deriving from studies of the Likova Cognitive-Kinesthetic Memory-Drawing Training. For two groups of participants, completely blind, and sighted but temporarily blindfolded, this analysis shows that the consensus model of arm-motion kinematics as a simple one-third power relationship of drawing speed to the local curvature of the line being drawn is not a sufficient characterization of their coupling. Instead, the drawing dynamics without visual feedback conform to a hyperbolic power relationship, with a coupling power of approximately 1.0 for regions of the highest curvature, asymptoting to curvature-independence for regions of shallow curvature, for both blind and blindfolded groups. Thus, the asymptotic power was much higher than the one-third power predicted by the minimum jerk principle. In detail, the maximum-velocity asymptote for both groups averaged about 6 cm/s for drawing from memory, increasing to more than twice as fast for mindless scribbling. We conclude that the more elaborate operating principle of a hyperbolic saturation function, with a power asymptote of about 1.0, may be interpreted as an adaptive implementation approximating the Minimum Jerk Principle of the simple one-third power law relating velocity and curvature.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study reevaluates the one-third power law proposed to govern arm-motion kinematics relating drawing speed to the local curvature of the line being drawn. For complex drawings guided by memory without visual feedback, we find that the relationship is better characterized as a steeper power function that asymptotes to a constant speed for shallow curvatures, empirically approximating the predictions of the minimum jerk principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1665-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated angiogenin and related pathways in the ventral midbrain of \"redhead\" mice with MC1R disruption.","authors":"Qing Wang, Ling Aye, Jackson G Schumacher, Aidan Swan, Waijiao Cai, Chienwen Su, Xiqun Chen, Kai Yang","doi":"10.1152/jn.00627.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00627.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A relationship between the melanoma-related pigmentation gene melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been previously suggested. The present study aims to investigate the gene expression pattern in the ventral midbrain (VMB) of MC1R extension (<i>MC1R</i>^e/e) mice to provide insights into the underlying mechanism of dopaminergic neuron loss in these mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted on VMB tissues from <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice and their wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J littermates. Gene expression levels and pathway activity were assessed using differential gene expression analysis, Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To validate the RNA-seq results, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting (WB), and ELISA were performed. Our analyses found significant transcriptomic differences in the VMB between <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice and WT controls. Several immune response-related pathways were identified to be downregulated in the <i>MC1R</i>^e/e group. Angiogenin (ANG) was implicated in several of the enriched pathways in <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice. Furthermore, <i>Ang</i> was found to be significantly downregulated in the VMB of <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice, which was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels. There was no significant difference in Ang protein levels in the serum of <i>MC1R</i>^e/e and WT mice. Our results suggest a differential gene expression pattern in the VMB as a result of MC1R mutation. Notably, lower Ang expression may be involved in the neuronal loss observed in the VMB of the <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Our study identifies reduced angiogenin (<i>Ang</i>) expression in the ventral midbrain (VMB) of <i>MC1R</i>^e/e mice, validated through RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. This CNS-specific downregulation suggests localized regulatory mechanisms linked to neuroprotection and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. <i>Ang</i>'s role in neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress responses highlights its therapeutic potential in PD. These findings provide critical insights into <i>Ang</i>'s CNS-specific function and underscore the importance of further research into its mechanistic role in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1740-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force sensing in small animals: recording response properties and modeling of tibial campaniform sensilla in blow flies.","authors":"Sasha N Zill, Sumaiya Chaudhry, Hibba Chaudhry, Nicholas Szczecinski","doi":"10.1152/jn.00044.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00044.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detecting force is an essential part of control of posture and walking in many animals. We have characterized and modeled sense organs (campaniform sensilla) that detect forces in larger insects. In the present study, we have recorded the activities of the hindleg tibial group of sensilla in blow flies (<i>Calliphora vicina</i>), animals with very low body weight. Forces applied to the leg as ramp and hold functions, with joint movements resisted, elicited discharges that reflected both the force magnitude and rate of change of forces. Furthermore, sensory signals showed hysteresis and firing was strongly inhibited by small phasic decreases when forces were applied as waveforms that gradually increased to reach a level (asymptotic exponential functions). These results were also tested in a mathematical model of force encoding by campaniform sensilla in larger insects, which successfully reproduced the receptor responses. These findings support the idea that force detection scales to body weight and that monitoring force magnitude and dynamics may be necessary even in animals with minimal mass. Force detection may be ubiquitous because it monitors the effectiveness of muscle contractions. It can also alert the nervous system to leg slipping or destabilizing perturbations and, thus, be advantageous in both small and large animals and in walking machines.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Force sensing is advantageous in walking and can signal leg slipping that could destabilize support of body weight, prior to changes in body position. Recordings of strain-detecting campaniform sensilla in blow fly legs showed force encoding in ranges reflecting their minimal body weight but firing was also inhibited by very small transient force decreases. A mathematical model of the receptors reproduced these characteristics and could aid in control of walking machines, independent of size and mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1749-1760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does precision grip research extend to unconstrained, multidigit grasping?","authors":"Fabrizio Lepori, Frieder T Hartmann, Kira I Dehn, Manuela Chessa, Roland W Fleming, Guido Maiello","doi":"10.1152/jn.00008.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00008.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most daily tasks require using our hands. Whether taking a sip from a glass or throwing a ball, we effortlessly select appropriate grasps. Yet, despite many possible hand configurations, most grasping research has focused on the finger-and-thumb \"precision grip.\" We thus questioned whether findings on precision grip-such as sensitivity to object mass and material configuration-hold under unconstrained grasping conditions. To test this, we compared how participants grasped three-dimensional (3-D) objects made of brass and wood, with both precision grip and unconstrained grasps. When unconstrained, participants rarely selected precision grips, favoring multidigit grasps. Nevertheless, in both conditions, participants shifted their grasps toward the objects' center of mass and, when grasp factors conflicted, the variability in their selections increased, indicating greater uncertainty about the optimal strategy. Furthermore, despite favoring multidigit grasps, participants consistently placed the thumb and index finger on the same positions on the objects, suggesting that in multidigit grasps, the additional fingers primarily provided support. Our findings thus reveal that object material affects unconstrained grasping similarly to precision grip and imply that previous precision grip research may extend to unconstrained, multidigit conditions.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Most grasping research focuses on two-digit \"precision grips,\" yet humans have more than two fingers. Here, we test whether previous precision grip findings apply to unconstrained grasping. We find that participants often use more than two digits when free to choose but consistently place their thumb and index finger similarly on objects regardless of the number of fingers used. Our results thus highlight how the large body of precision grip literature can extend to multidigit grasping.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1836-1843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute cross-education effect on force production and central/peripheral responses to unilateral eccentric and concentric resistance exercise in elbow flexors.","authors":"Omar Valdés, Carlos Rehbein, Oscar Núñez, Emeric Chalchat, Julien Siracusa, Sebastián García-Vicencio, Claire Thomas-Junius, Mounir Chennaoui, Vincent Martin, Luis Peñailillo","doi":"10.1152/jn.00028.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00028.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cross-education effect (CE) is the transference of neuromuscular adaptations from a single exercised limb to the contralateral nonexercised limb, which seems to differ between exercise modalities. We compared the acute CE of unilateral eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CONC) resistance exercises on neuromuscular function and force production changes of the nonexercised elbow flexors (EF). Healthy men were randomly allocated into ECC (<i>n</i> = 15) or CONC (<i>n</i> = 15) groups. The effects of control (CTRL_CONC or CTRL_ECC: 30 min of sitting) and exercise conditions (5 sets × 10 repetitions at 80% of either ECC or CONC 1-repetition maximum) of the dominant EF were measured. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), rate of torque development (RTD), corticospinal excitability (CSE), voluntary activation (VA), and peripheral factors were measured before and immediately after CTRL_CONC/CTRL_ECC or CONC/ECC. Surface electromyography amplitude integral (sEMG_i) from the biceps brachii (BB) muscle was monitored during exercise. Physical-mental demands (NASA-TLX) were assessed after exercise. ECC performed 26.2% greater exercise volume than CONC (<i>P</i> = 0.01). ECC showed lesser BB sEMG_i (<i>P</i> = 0.04) than CONC in the exercised EF; however, it induced threefold greater irradiated sEMG_i to the nonexercised BB than CONC (<i>P</i> = 0.04) during exercise. NASA-TLX was unchanged (<i>P</i> = 0.81). The nonexercised EF maintained MVIC, VA, cortical silent period, and peripheral factors after ECC and CONC (<i>P</i> > 0.05), but lower RTD was observed after ECC (23.5%-29.4%; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and CONC (10.8%; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Lower CSE at 75% of MVIC occurred after ECC (-17%; <i>P</i> = 0.02) compared with CTRL_ECC, which was correlated to RTD decreases (<i>r</i> = 0.45-0.56, <i>P</i> = 0.02-0.04). ECC induces acute contralateral reductions in CSE that are associated with decreases in RTD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Unilateral eccentric and concentric resistance exercises can modulate the neuromuscular response differently, which influences the transference of the force production capacity to the contralateral nonexercised muscle. Unilateral eccentric exercise induced decreases in corticospinal excitability with associated reductions in the early phase of the rate of torque development, which differs from the changes observed after concentric exercise. Thus, both exercise modalities seem to change the excitability differently.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1844-1858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NeuroCSF: an fMRI method to measure contrast sensitivity function in human visual cortex.","authors":"Laurie Goulet, Reza Farivar","doi":"10.1152/jn.00463.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00463.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) describes a range of spatial frequencies (SFs) that are detectable at a given level of contrast and is a very valuable tool both in clinical and fundamental research. However, despite its immense value, the full potential of the CSF has not been utilized in every aspect of clinical research due to time limits and patient factors. We propose neuroCSF as a new method for measuring the CSF across the visual field directly from brain activity and with minimal demand from participants. NeuroCSF is a computational model that estimates voxel-wise CSF parameters (i.e., peak contrast sensitivity, peak spatial frequency, and spatial frequency bandwidth) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals under controlled visual stimulation conditions. The approach extends the population spatial frequency tuning (Aghajari S, Vinke LN, Ling S. <i>J Neurophysiol</i> 123: 773-785, 2020) and population receptive field (Dumoulin SO, Wandell BA. <i>Neuroimage</i> 39: 647-660, 2008) methods to provide the first characterization of a full CSF using neuroimaging. We observe that across early visual areas (V1, V2, and V3), the CSF peak spatial frequency and spatial frequency cutoff are significantly higher for foveal eccentricity and decrease at parafoveal eccentricities. Conversely, SF bandwidth slowly increases with eccentricity, while peak contrast sensitivity remains constant with eccentricity for all early visual areas. Thus cortical CSF estimates vary systematically with eccentricity. The neuroCSF approach opens new perspectives for the study of cortical visual functions in various disorders where the CSF is impacted, such as amblyopia, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We introduce neuroCSF, a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based method for estimating contrast sensitivity function (CSF) parameters across the visual field. This approach is the first to provide voxel-wise CSF measurements directly from brain activity, offering insights into spatial frequency tuning across visual areas. NeuroCSF has potential clinical applications for disorders affecting contrast sensitivity and visual field function, such as amblyopia and traumatic brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1699-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The auditory and visual inferior colliculus.","authors":"Corey J Roach, Huaizhen Cai, Yale E Cohen","doi":"10.1152/jn.00220.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00220.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1859-1860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A session of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation changes the input-output function of motoneurons and alters the sense of force.","authors":"Nish Mohith Kurukuti, Simon Avrillon, Jose L Pons","doi":"10.1152/jn.00140.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00140.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used in research and clinical settings for pain management and augmenting somatosensory inputs for motor recovery. Besides its functional effect, TENS acutely alters kinesthesia and force steadiness. However, the short-term impact following a session of TENS on proprioception and motor unit behavior is unknown. We evaluated the effect of a session of TENS on the senses of force, joint position, touch, and discharge activity of motor units. Fifteen healthy participants underwent two experiments, each with two visits randomly administering TENS or sham-TENS. The sense of force (<i>experiment 1</i>) and position (<i>experiment 2</i>) were evaluated through matching trials by pinching a dial and rotating their wrist (ulnar deviation). Isometric pinch contractions were performed before and after the session of TENS or sham-TENS, in which electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB). Results showed that TENS acutely altered the senses of force, position, and touch, but only the sense of force remained altered following TENS. Motor unit discharge rates increased in both FDI and APB muscles for the same force output following TENS. A positive correlation was also observed between changes in motor unit discharge rates and changes in errors in force perception. These findings suggest that a session of TENS may have short-term effects on the input/output function of motoneurons (5-10 min in this study), which in turn may alter the sense of force. However, the precise timeline for these short-term aftereffects is unknown.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> It is often assumed that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has a transient effect on proprioception and motor control. We found that position, force, and touch perception were altered during TENS. However, the sense of force remained altered following TENS. As the discharge rate of motor units also increased in first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles for the same force output following TENS, we suggest that their input-output function was altered, potentially causing a sustained decrease in performance in force-matching tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1619-1629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mean field theory for pulse-coupled neural oscillators based on the spike time response curve.","authors":"Carmen C Canavier","doi":"10.1152/jn.00045.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00045.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mean field method for pulse-coupled oscillators with delays used a self-connected oscillator to represent a synchronous cluster of <i>N</i> - 1 oscillators and a single oscillator assumed to be perturbed from the cluster. A periodic train of biexponential conductance input was divided into a tonic and a phasic component representing the mean field input. A single cycle of the phasic conductance from the cluster was applied to the single oscillator embedded in the tonic component at different phases to measure the change in the cycle length in which the perturbation was initiated, that is, the first-order phase response curve (PRC), and the second-order PRC in the following cycle. A homogeneous network of 100 biophysically calibrated inhibitory interneurons with either shunting or hyperpolarizing inhibition tested the predictive power of the method. A self-consistency criterion predicted the oscillation frequency of the network from the PRCs as a function of the synaptic delay. The major determinant of the stability of synchrony was the sign of the slope of the first-order PRC of the single oscillator in response to an input from the self-connected cluster at a phase corresponding to the delay value. For most short delays, first-order PRCs correctly predicted the frequency and stability of simulated network activity. However, considering the second-order PRC improved the frequency prediction and resolved an incorrect prediction of stability of global synchrony at delays close to the free running period of single neurons in which a discontinuity in the PRC precluded existence of 1:1 self-locking.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> A mean field theory for synchrony in neural networks in which neurons are generally above threshold in the mean-driven regime is developed to extend and complement mean field theory previously developed by others for neurons that are generally below threshold in the fluctuation-driven regime. This work extends phase response curve theory as applied to high-frequency oscillations in networks with synaptic inputs that are not short with respect to the network period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1630-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}