Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"A session of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation changes the input-output function of motoneurons and alters the sense of force.","authors":"Nish Mohith Kurukuti, Simon Avrillon, Jose L Pons","doi":"10.1152/jn.00140.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00140.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used in research and clinical settings for pain management and augmenting somatosensory inputs for motor recovery. Besides its functional effect, TENS acutely alters kinesthesia and force steadiness. However, the short-term impact following a session of TENS on proprioception and motor unit behavior is unknown. We evaluated the effect of a session of TENS on the senses of force, joint position, touch, and discharge activity of motor units. Fifteen healthy participants underwent two experiments, each with two visits randomly administering TENS or sham-TENS. The sense of force (Exp. 1) and position (Exp. 2) were evaluated through matching trials by pinching a dial and rotating their wrist (ulnar deviation). Isometric pinch contractions were performed before and after the session of TENS or sham-TENS, in which electromyographic signals were recorded from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB). Results showed that TENS acutely altered the senses of force, position, and touch, but only the sense of force remained altered following TENS. Motor unit discharge rates increased in both FDI and APB muscles for the same force output following TENS. A positive correlation was also observed between changes in motor unit discharge rates and changes in errors in force perception. These findings suggest that a session of TENS may have short-term effects on the input/output function of motoneurons (5 - 10 min in this study), which in turn may alter the sense of force. However, the precise timeline for these short-term aftereffects is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional state correlates to survival and prognosis in children with brain tumor resection.","authors":"Yao Chen, Xin Hu, Ting Fan, Yongde Zhou, Cuiping Yu, Jian Ding, Jianfeng Yu, Ying Zhao, Nan Li, Baoguo Wang","doi":"10.1152/jn.00112.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00112.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric brain tumors are the leading solid tumors in children. This study examines the critical factors influencing survival outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor resection. We retrospectively analyzed 594 pediatric cases, collecting data on demographics, tumor characteristics, preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores. Nutritional status was assessed using the STRONGkids tool. Survival analysis involved Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. In regard to short-term prognosis, high nutritional risk was linked to prolonged hospital and ICU stays and more postoperative complications for all the cases. Considering the disease-free survival for malignant brain tumor cases, medium nutritional risk was associated with better survival compared to high nutritional risk (p < 0.001). Smaller tumor sizes and higher preoperative GCS scores correlated with improved survival rates (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher levels of preoperative albumin and prealbumin significantly increased survival (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis identified optimal cutoffs for albumin (40.34 g/L) and prealbumin (192.1 mg/L) with corresponding sensitivities of 60.02% and 62.24%, and specificities of 85.06% and 73.28%, respectively. Larger tumor size, poor preoperative nutritional and neurological status, and suboptimal preoperative biochemical markers were significant predictors of increased mortality or recurrence risk. Preoperative nutritional assessment is crucial in pediatric brain tumor patients. Nutritional status, tumor size, and specific preoperative biochemical markers are vital for predicting disease-free survival outcomes. These findings highlight the need for integrating comprehensive preoperative evaluations into clinical protocols to enhance patient management and survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and paired TMS pulses engage spatially distinct corticomotor representations in human pericentral cortex.","authors":"Mads A J Madsen, Lasse Christiansen, Chloe Chung, Morten G Jønsson, Hartwig Roman Siebner","doi":"10.1152/jn.00459.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00459.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor hand area can assess corticomotor function in humans by evoking motor evoked potentials (MEP). Paired-pulse TMS at peri-threshold intensity elicits short-latency intracortical facilitation (SICF) with early peaks at inter-pulse intervals of 1.0-1.8ms (SICF₁) and 2.4-3ms (SICF₂). The similarity between the periodicity of SICF and indirect (I-)waves in the corticospinal volleys evoked by single-pulse TMS suggests that SICF originates from I-wave generating circuits. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of MEP generation by mapping the corticomotor representations of single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS targeting SICF₁ and SICF₂ peaks. We performed central sulcus shape-based, robot-assisted and neuro-navigated motor maps in 14 participants (7 female). MEPs were recorded from two hand muscles and the spatial properties of each corticomotor map were analyzed. For both hand muscles, we found a consistent posterior shift of the center of gravity (CoG) for SICF maps compared to single-pulse maps, with a larger shift for SICF₁. CoG displacement in the SICF₁ map correlated with individual SICF₁ latencies. Further, ADM maps consistently peaked more medially than FDI maps and paired-pulse TMS resulted in larger corticomotor maps than single-pulse TMS. This is the first study to show that circuits responsible for SICF have a more posterior representation in the precentral crown than those generating MEPs via single-pulse TMS. These findings indicate that paired-pulse TMS probing SICF₁, SICF₂, and single-pulse TMS engage overlapping but spatially distinct cortical circuits, adding further insights into the intricate organization of the human motor hand area.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscientific Approaches to Adolescent Social Media Use: A Review of Neural correlates and Potential Associations to Social Media Behaviors.","authors":"Madison M Hannapel, Minella Aghajani","doi":"10.1152/jn.00282.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00282.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents' social lives are evolving rapidly, existing largely online. There are mixed findings on the effect of social media on adolescent mental health. However, large gaps remain in this literature. The current review integrates behavioral and neuroimaging studies as they conceptually relate the prefrontal cortex and social media use. In doing so, we emphasize the multifaceted nature of social media use, the difficulties in isolating component behaviors, and the usefulness of utilizing neuroimaging for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent effects of peptides on the initiation of feeding motor programs in the mollusk <i>Aplysia</i>.","authors":"Colin G Evans, Michael A Barry, Carrie N Reaver, Paras R Patel, Cynthia A Chestek, Matthew H Perkins, Jian Jing, Elizabeth C Cropper","doi":"10.1152/jn.00042.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00042.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropeptides configure the feeding network of <i>Aplysia</i>. For example, egestive activity is promoted by small cardioactive peptide (SCP), and ingestive activity is promoted by a combination of feeding circuit activating peptide (FCAP) and cerebral peptide 2 (CP-2). Additionally, SCP and FCAP/CP-2 have a common network effect that does not contribute to motor program specification. They increase the excitability of an interneuron, B63. In this report we further characterized effects of peptides on B63. We performed voltage clamp experiments and used a step protocol to look at steady state currents. We found that SCP and FCAP/CP-2 both induced an inward current that was virtually absent in low sodium saline. Previous work has established that B63 is unusual in the feeding circuit in that subthreshold depolarizations are autonomously generated that can trigger motor programs. Here we show that this autonomous activity is more frequent in the presence of peptides. Previous studies have also shown that activity of the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) can be initiated by neurons that excite B63, e.g., by cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2), a projection neuron that triggers biting-like motor programs. Here we show that the latency of CBI-2 induced activity is decreased by stimulation of the esophageal nerve (EN) (which releases endogenous SCP). These results taken together with previous results indicate that peptides that act divergently to configure network activity additionally act convergently to promote motor program induction. We present data that suggest that this arrangement facilitates brief switches between ingestive and egestive motor activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual task reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Does the cognitive task domain make a difference?","authors":"Jessica Pitts, Lakshmi Kannan, Tony Szturm, Tanvi Bhatt","doi":"10.1152/jn.00034.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00034.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) demonstrate higher cognitive-motor interference (CMI) than cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) during dual tasking. However, studies have rarely examined how dual tasking affects reactive balance control in OAwMCI, or the effect of different cognitive task domains. This study compared how four cognitive tasks affected CMI during reactive balance control in OAwMCI vs. CIOA. 38 OAwMCI (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): 18-25) and 38 CIOA (MoCA ≥26) were included and exposed to anterior support surface perturbations in single task and while performing four cognitive tasks: two visuomotor tasks (Target, Track), Auditory Clock Test (ACT), and Letter Number Sequencing (LNS). Cognitive tasks were also completed during unperturbed standing. In both single and dual task conditions, OAwMCI had higher fall rate and lower reactive center of mass (COM) stability than CIOA. Reactive balance performance was deteriorated in both groups while performing Target and Track, although was not affected by ACT or LNS. Cognitive performance was lower in dual vs. single task on the Target, Track, and LNS for both groups, although OAwMCI had higher cognitive costs than CIOA. These findings suggest that dual tasking could increase fall risk in both OAwMCI and CIOA, although visuomotor tasks induced greater CMI than executive function/working memory tasks, suggesting greater sharing of resources with reactive balance control. Further, OAwMCI could experience higher CMI due to damage in sensorimotor areas involved in triggering/executing reactive balance responses, along with multi-domain cognitive decline. Comprehensive dual task assessments could identify domain-specific cognitive decline in OAwMCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiomotor Dynamics of Hand Movements During the Drawing of Memory-Guided Trajectories without Visual Feedback.","authors":"Christopher W Tyler, Kristyo N Mineff, Michael Liang, Lora T Likova","doi":"10.1152/jn.00153.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00153.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the underlying principles of the spatiomotor dynamics during human movement execution are now broadly understood to conform to a Minimum Jerk Principle, the question addressed in the present analysis is whether the same principles operate during human drawing movements without visual feedback, deriving from studies of the Likova Cognitive-Kinesthetic Memory-Drawing Training Paradigm. For two groups of participants, completely blind, and sighted but temporarily blindfolded, this analysis shows that the consensus model of arm-motion kinematics as a simple 1/3rd power relationship of drawing speed to the local curvature of the line being drawn is not a sufficient characterization of their coupling. Instead, the drawing dynamics conform to a hyperbolic power relationship, with a coupling power of approximately 1.0 for regions of the highest curvature, asymptoting to curvature-independence for regions of shallow curvature, for both blind and blindfolded groups. Thus, the asymptotic power was much higher than the 1/3^rd power predicted from the Minimum Jerk Principle. In detail, the maximum-velocity asymptote for both groups averaged about 6 cm/s for drawing from memory, increasing to more than twice as fast for mindless scribbling. We conclude that the more elaborate operating principle of a hyperbolic saturation function, with a power asymptote of about 1.0, may be interpreted as an adaptive implementation approximating the Minimum Jerk Principle of the simple 1/3^rd power law relating velocity and curvature.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collothalamic projections to the human amygdala: hemispheric asymmetry modulates trait anxiety.","authors":"Robert D Rafal, Kristin Koller","doi":"10.1152/jn.00033.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00033.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 19 people, probabilistic DTI tractography was used to visualize the topographic relationships between three white matter components of a fascicle, the supraventricular temporal bundle, that traverses above the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle: collothalamic auditory and visual projections to the amygdala via the posterior thalamus, and the amygdalofugal stria terminalis. This bundle constitutes a subcortical, \"low road\" pathway that transmits threat signals to the amygdala, and that projects signals that bias orienting toward visual threat to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The course of the visual streamline passes below the brachium of the superior colliculus through the position of two thalamic nuclei that have been shown to both receive afferents from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus and to also project to the amygdala: the suprageniculate nucleus and the inferior pulvinar. The visual streamline passes laterally dorsal to the auditory streamline and both collothalamic streamlines then traverse together above the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, dorsal to the stria terminalis, with the auditory streamline dorsal to the visual streamline, and entering the lateral amygdala dorsal and medial to it. Individual differences in the degree of hemispheric asymmetry of the fractional anisotropy of the visual streamline, but not the auditory streamline, predicted trait anxiety: weaker left hemisphere connectivity relative to those in the right hemisphere was associated with higher trait anxiety. There was no correlation between individual differences in the microstructure of either the stria terminalis or the ventral amygdalofugal pathway and trait anxiety.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Three components of a white matter bundle, auditory and visual collothalamic projections to the amygdala and the stria terminalis, traverse above the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. This bundle constitutes a \"low road\" pathway that transmits threat signals to the amygdala, via the posterior thalamus, and that biases spatial orienting toward visual threat. Hemispheric asymmetry of the microstructure of the visual pathway predicts individual differences in trait anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1054-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synaptic dynamics linked to widespread elevation of H-reflex before peripheral denervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"José Castro, Mamede de Carvalho","doi":"10.1152/jn.00582.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00582.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 4","pages":"1146-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in gait asymmetry may be caused by adaptation of spinal reflexes.","authors":"Omar Refy, Owen Mo, Douglas J Weber, Hartmut Geyer","doi":"10.1152/jn.00206.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00206.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a recent human study, we found that adaptive changes in step length asymmetry (SLA) are correlated with similar changes in the H-reflex gains of the leg muscles during split-belt treadmill locomotion. Although this observation indicated a closer link between gait asymmetry and spinal reflex adaptation, it did not reveal their causal relationship. To better understand this relationship, here we use a neuromuscular model of human walking whose control relies primarily on spinal reflexes. Subjecting the model to split-belt treadmill locomotion with different combinations of belt speed and reflex gain patterns, we find that belt speed changes increase the variability in SLA but do not result in consistent SLA patterns as observed in human experiments, whereas reflex gain changes do. Furthermore, we find that the model produces SLA patterns similar to healthy adults when its reflex gains are adapted in a way similar to the H-reflex changes we observed in our previous study. The model also predicts SLA patterns similar to the ones observed for cerebellar degeneration patients when the reflexes do not adapt beyond a sudden dip at the time the ipsilateral belt speed is lowered. Our results suggest that SLA does not arise from imposing belt speed changes but requires the change of the reflex gains and that the dynamic adjustment of these gains may be an essential part of human gait control when encountering unexpected environmental changes such as uneven speed changes in split-belt treadmill locomotion.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This work uses computational modeling to investigate the role of spinal reflex tuning during locomotor adaptation. We show, in simulation, that tuning spinal reflex gains leads to gait asymmetry adaptation, not vice versa, and that patterns of gait adaptation on a split-belt treadmill are mostly driven by tuning of spinal reflexes, and not by biomechanical disturbances triggered by belt changes. The model further hints at the cerebellum as the source of spinal reflex modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1208-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}