Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Three decades of the LATER model.","authors":"Chrystalina A Antoniades","doi":"10.1152/jn.00113.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00113.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1380-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation of A13 region evokes robust locomotory response in rats.","authors":"Anupam Bisht, Cecilia Badenhorst, Zelma H T Kiss, Kartikeya Murari, Patrick J Whelan","doi":"10.1152/jn.00019.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00019.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a common therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms, but gait dysfunction remains a challenge. This study investigated the A13 region of the medial zona incerta (mZI), as a novel target for alleviating gait deficits. We hypothesized that A13-DBS would enhance locomotor activity and promote exploratory behavior in rats. Nine Long-Evans rats were implanted with wireless DBS devices targeting the A13 region. Open-field tests evaluated locomotor responses, with DBS parameters (amplitude, pulse width, and frequency) optimized for locomotion without adverse effects. Locomotor activity was quantified by total distance traveled. Exploratory metrics, including time in the center of the open field and supported rearing counts, were also analyzed. Cellular activation within the A13 region was assessed using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Computer simulations modeled electric field distribution to estimate the stimulation volume. A13-DBS significantly increased locomotor activity during stimulation, with a sustained elevation poststimulation. Supported rearing, indicative of exploratory behavior, was also significantly increased. Histological analysis confirmed robust activation of A13 region neurons with minimal spread. Simulations estimated electric field spread within 0.7 mm of the electrode tip, indicating targeted stimulation. These findings demonstrate that tuned A13-DBS evokes a robust locomotor response without apparent anxiogenic effects. This suggests the A13 region may be a promising target for managing PD gait dysfunction. Wireless DBS in freely moving rats allowed assessment of open-field behaviors, supporting A13-DBS viability in future studies.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study demonstrates that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the A13 region in rats robustly increases locomotor activity without inducing anxiety using a novel wireless stimulation approach. This suggests A13 may be a promising therapeutic target for gait dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. The use of wireless DBS in freely moving rats also provided valuable insights into open field behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1594-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal obstructive sleep apneas in a mouse model of Down syndrome.","authors":"Manon Moreau, Amélia Madani, Rodolphe Dard, Nathaly Romero, Maud Ringot, Marie-Pia d'Ortho, Plamen Bokov, Nathalie Janel, Boris Matrot","doi":"10.1152/jn.00001.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00001.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease caused by a third copy of chromosome 21, leading to various physical features, developmental and cognitive delays, and intellectual disability. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in children with DS, with severity reported to be inversely related to age and culminating in neonates. OSA causes intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, which may have detrimental effects on health and development. Consequently, there are concerns about the impact of OSA on neurodevelopmental disorders associated with DS, particularly in neonates. Dp(16)1Yey mice, a genetically engineered model of DS, exhibit cognitive impairments and characteristics typically associated with OSA, including craniofacial hypoplasia and reduced upper airway volume in adulthood. To investigate the contribution of respiratory-related disorders to DS pathophysiology, we examined the cardio-respiratory phenotype of Dp(16)1Yey mice at birth, with special attention to OSA, using a pneumotachograph and a facemask combined with a laser abdominal profilometer to distinguish obstructive, central, and mixed apneas. Dp(16)1Yey mouse pups exhibited lower weight and heart rates compared to their wild-type counterparts. Baseline breathing variables and responses to hypercapnia were similar between the two groups. Obstructive apneas were observed in both Dp(16)1Yey and wild-type mice, but the total time spent in obstructive apneas was longer in Dp(16)1Yey mice, due to their longer mean duration. These findings highlight the relevance of the Dp(16)1Yey model for studying OSA in DS during the neonatal period and for investigating the contribution of early respiratory disorders to DS pathology.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Severe obstructive sleep apnea is prevalent in neonates with Down syndrome, but neonatal breathing disorders remain unexplored in mouse models. Using the Dp(16)1Yey model, we observed prolonged obstructive apneas and lower heart rates at birth in mutant pups compared to wild-type littermates. This preclinical model provides a novel platform to study neonatal obstructive sleep apnea in Down syndrome and its contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with Down syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1551-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual task reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: does the cognitive task domain make a difference?","authors":"Jessica Pitts, Lakshmi Kannan, Tony Szturm, Tanvi Bhatt","doi":"10.1152/jn.00034.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00034.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) demonstrate higher cognitive-motor interference (CMI) than cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) during dual tasking. However, studies have rarely examined how dual tasking affects reactive balance control in OAwMCI, or the effect of different cognitive task domains. This study compared how four cognitive tasks affected CMI during reactive balance control in OAwMCI vs. CIOA. In this study, 38 OAwMCI [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): 18-25] and 38 CIOA (MoCA ≥ 26) were included and exposed to anterior support surface perturbations in single task and while performing four cognitive tasks: two visuomotor tasks (Target, Track), auditory clock test (ACT), and letter number sequencing (LNS). Cognitive tasks were also completed during unperturbed standing. In both single and dual task conditions, OAwMCI had a higher fall rate and lower reactive center of mass (COM) stability than CIOA. Reactive balance performance deteriorated in both groups while performing Target and Track, although was not affected by ACT or LNS. Cognitive performance was lower in dual vs. single task on the Target, Track, and LNS for both groups, although OAwMCI had higher cognitive costs than CIOA. These findings suggest that dual tasking could increase fall risk in both OAwMCI and CIOA, although visuomotor tasks induced greater CMI than executive function/working memory tasks, suggesting greater sharing of resources with reactive balance control. Furthermore, OAwMCI could experience higher CMI due to damage in sensorimotor areas involved in triggering/executing reactive balance responses, along with multidomain cognitive decline. Comprehensive dual task assessments could identify domain-specific cognitive decline in OAwMCI.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Although OAwMCI have higher CMI than CIOA during volitional balance tasks, it is unclear how dual tasking involving different cognitive domains affects reactive balance control in OAwMCI. This study showed that dual tasking could impair reactive balance responses in both CIOA and OAwMCI, although OAwMCI experienced greater performance deteriorations in dual vs. single task conditions. Furthermore, visuomotor tasks induced higher CMI than executive function/working memory tasks, suggesting greater sharing of resources with reactive balance control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent effects of peptides on the initiation of feeding motor programs in the mollusk <i>Aplysia</i>.","authors":"Colin G Evans, Michael A Barry, Carrie N Reaver, Paras R Patel, Cynthia A Chestek, Matthew H Perkins, Jian Jing, Elizabeth C Cropper","doi":"10.1152/jn.00042.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00042.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropeptides configure the feeding network of <i>Aplysia</i>. For example, egestive activity is promoted by small cardioactive peptide (SCP), and ingestive activity is promoted by a combination of feeding circuit activating peptide (FCAP) and cerebral peptide 2 (CP-2). In addition, SCP and FCAP/CP-2 have a common network effect that does not contribute to motor program specification. They increase the excitability of an interneuron, B63. In this report, we further characterized the effects of peptides on B63. We performed voltage-clamp experiments and used a step protocol to look at steady-state currents. We found that SCP and FCAP/CP-2 both induced an inward current that was virtually absent in low-sodium saline. Previous work has established that B63 is unusual in the feeding circuit in that subthreshold depolarizations are autonomously generated that can trigger motor programs. Here, we show that this autonomous activity is more frequent in the presence of peptides. Previous studies have also shown that activity of the feeding central pattern generator (CPG) can be initiated by neurons that excite B63, e.g., by cerebral buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2), a projection neuron that triggers biting-like motor programs. Here, we show that the latency of CBI-2-induced activity is decreased by stimulation of the esophageal nerve (EN) (which releases endogenous SCP). These results, taken together with previous results, indicate that peptides that act divergently to configure network activity additionally act convergently to promote motor program induction. We present data that suggest that this arrangement facilitates brief switches between ingestive and egestive motor activity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The activity of most networks is affected by multiple neuromodulators. Studies that have sought to determine why this is the case have focused on how the effects of one modulator differ from those of another (how modulators uniquely determine motor output). This study differs in that we ask why a convergent (common) network modification is important. We show that it can promote program induction and present data that suggest this may have consequences for task switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1368-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direction-selective neurons in macaque V4.","authors":"Pengcheng Li, Heng Ma, Haidong D Lu","doi":"10.1152/jn.00405.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00405.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mammalian visual system, direction-selective (DS) neurons prefer visual motion in a particular direction and are specialized for visual motion processing. In area V4 of the macaque, about 13% neurons are direction-selective and form clusters (DS domains). The functional role of DS neurons in this form-processing area is still unknown. We implanted electrode arrays targeting these DS domains and recorded neurons' responses to moving stimuli such as gratings and simple shapes. We found that DS neurons were similar to non-DS neurons in their receptive field sizes and orientation-selectivity properties. However, population-wise, DS neurons responded slower and had lower firing rates than non-DS neurons, contrary to their traditional role in motion processing. In addition, direction selectivity of V4 neurons was stimulus-dependent (i.e., not invariant). DS neurons identified with grating stimuli may not exhibit direction selectivity to other types of stimuli such as random dots or contour shapes. These results suggest that, unlike DS neurons in other areas, V4 DS neurons may have a unique origin for their direction selectivity and nontraditional roles in visual motion processing.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The functional role of direction-selective (DS) neurons in the ventral pathway is unclear. We studied DS neurons in area V4 of awake macaques. Interestingly, these neurons have slower responses and lower firing rates than those non-DS neurons. In addition, direction selectivity of these neurons was stimulus-type dependent. DS neurons in V4 may play a functional role different from those typical DS neurons in V1 or MT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1572-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off between search costs and accuracy in oculomotor and manual search tasks.","authors":"Ilja Wagner, Jan Tünnermann, Anna Schubö, Alexander C Schütz","doi":"10.1152/jn.00488.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00488.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans must weigh various factors when choosing between competing courses of action. In case of eye movements, for example, a recent study demonstrated that the human oculomotor system trades off the temporal costs of eye movements against their perceptual benefits when choosing between competing visual search targets. Here, we compared such trade-offs between different effectors. Participants were shown search displays with targets and distractors from two stimulus sets. In each trial, they chose which target to search for, and, after finding it, discriminated a target feature. Targets differed in their search costs (how many target-similar distractors were shown) and discrimination difficulty. Participants were rewarded or penalized based on whether the target's feature was discriminated correctly. In addition, participants were given a limited time to complete trials. Critically, they inspected search items either by eye movements only or by manual actions (tapping a stylus on a tablet). Results show that participants traded off search costs and discrimination difficulty of competing targets for both effectors, allowing them to perform close to the predictions of an ideal observer model. However, behavioral analysis and computational modeling revealed that oculomotor search performance was more strongly constrained by decision-noise (what target to choose) and sampling-noise (what information to sample during search) than manual search. We conclude that the trade-off between search costs and discrimination accuracy constitutes a general mechanism to optimize decision-making, regardless of the effector used. However, slow-paced manual actions are more robust against the detrimental influence of noise, compared with fast-paced eye movements.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Humans trade off costs and perceptual benefits of eye movements for decision-making. Is this trade-off effector-specific or does it constitute a general decision-making principle? Here, we investigated this question by contrasting eye movements and manual actions (tapping a stylus on a tablet) in a search task. We found evidence for a cost-benefit trade-off in both effectors, however, eye movements were more strongly compromised by noise at different levels of decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum for Sangari et al., volume 133, 2025, p. 1148-1149.","authors":"","doi":"10.1152/jn.00093.2025_COR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00093.2025_COR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocal pitch enables differential motor learning of speech segments.","authors":"Robin Karlin, Emily Tesch, Ding-Lan Tang, Yuyu Zeng, Caroline A Niziolek, Benjamin Parrell","doi":"10.1152/jn.00605.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00605.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory feedback is crucial for accurate motor control. One process of movement correction is sensorimotor adaptation, or motor learning in response to perceived sensory errors. Recent studies demonstrate that people can adapt to opposing errors on a single movement given a context that differentiates when each error occurs. In speech production, linguistic structure (e.g., the same vowel in different words) can provide context for differential adaptation, but it is unclear whether this is restricted to the same effectors (i.e., lips, tongue, jaw) or also includes movements of other speech effectors (i.e., the larynx). Reaching studies show that contextual movements need not be produced with the same effector as the learning target, but so far, they have only tested left-right pairs. We present three simultaneous adaptation experiments in speech that examine whether laryngeal movements for pitch can provide context for oral articulator movements for vowels. In each experiment, the resonances that correlate with vowel articulator position were perturbed in three directions that were predictable given a pitch context. First, Mandarin speakers differentially adapted given pitch contexts that signal differences in word meaning, suggesting that lexical pitch provides context for vowels. Second, English speakers differentially adapted given arbitrary pitch matching contexts on the word \"head,\" suggesting that nonmeaningful pitch movements provide context for vowels. Third, English speakers did not differentially adapt when listening to contextual pitch, indicating that mere auditory input of pitch is insufficient. Together, these results suggest that sensorimotor context for learning can be provided by effectors other than the learning target.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Previous work shows that sensorimotor learning can be specific to different motor contexts, but to date, this research has only examined contexts provided by the same effector as the learning target or its contralateral pair. We show that laryngeal movements for pitch enable differentiated learning of oral articulator movements for vowels, even when the pitch is linguistically meaningless. This indicates that motor contexts that enable learning can be generated by effectors distinct from those that undergo learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1382-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identified neurons B4/B5 function as sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons in <i>Aplysia</i>.","authors":"Yu Huan, Eileen E Faulk, Jeffrey P Gill, Hillel J Chiel","doi":"10.1152/jn.00630.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00630.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive behavior is critical for animals' survival. A multifunctional nervous system is crucial to generate behaviors that respond effectively to the changing environment. Multiple mechanisms behind a multifunctional neural circuit have been found in vertebrate and invertebrate systems: the change in the nervous system can occur at the cellular level, the synaptic level and at the circuitry level. <i>Aplysia</i>'s feeding circuit is a multifunctional system capable of producing different modes of behavior. In <i>Aplysia</i>, B4/B5 are two electrically coupled multiaction neurons that have wide inhibitory synaptic outputs to multiple key motor neurons, mediating an important component of rejection behavior. However, B4/B5 also fire at a lower frequency during ingestion, generating a limited inhibitory effect on their synaptic followers. To further understand the role of B4/B5 in different behaviors, we investigated the functions of B4/B5 and their firing patterns in freely feeding animals. As previous studies suggested that B4/B5 have sensory and motor functions, we further characterized the sensory response and the motor effect of B4/B5 and related these functions to different behaviors. We found that B4/B5 receive direct sensory inputs from different receptive fields within the feeding apparatus, and they innervate and alter forces in the retractor muscles and reduce forces induced by a motor neuron (B3) for the retractor muscles. Their sensory signaling may be related to contact with food during ingestion. Studies on the B4/B5 neurons demonstrated how a neural circuit can be influenced by multifunctional neurons, suggesting another way that adaptive behaviors can be generated.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The B4/B5 neurons in <i>Aplysia californica</i> have multiple functions. In this study, we further characterized B4/B5's sensory responses to mechanical stimuli at different locations in the feeding apparatus and identified their direct motor effect on the muscles. The bidirectional signaling of B4/B5, which was also observed in freely feeding animals, suggests that these neurons may play a role in detecting nociceptive or proprioceptive information and regulating the movements that facilitate particular feeding behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1435-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}