Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Timing- and frequency-specific effects of dentate nucleus deep brain stimulation on somatosensory-evoked potentials in people with poststroke hemiparesis.","authors":"Noah Slobodin, Owen Anderson, Prateek Dullur, David Escobar Sanabria, Nymisha Mandava, Anish Singh, Carmen Toth, André G Machado, Kenneth Baker","doi":"10.1152/jn.00256.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00256.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the dentate nucleus (DN) is being investigated as a therapy to enhance perilesional cortical excitability and promote motor recovery for individuals with chronic, poststroke motor deficits. Given that acute motor changes are not anticipated, DBS optimization would benefit from surrogate markers of stimulation's effect on cortical excitability. Here, we evaluate whether continuous and paired DN stimulation modulates somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs), providing first in-human insight into their candidacy as a tool for device programming. SSEPs were collected from participants in a phase I DN DBS clinical trial to characterize the effects of continuous and paired stimulation on SSEP response characteristics. Continuous low-frequency DBS did not yield significant changes in short-latency peak-to-peak amplitude, though high-frequency stimulation yielded significantly lower peak-to-peak amplitude during double, but not single, pulse SSEP (64% of baseline, <i>P</i> < 0.05). As interstimulus interval (ISI) between SSEP and DBS was increased, short-latency power decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.005), with greatest power at an ISI of 0 ms (156% of baseline, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Our results support involvement of DN output in both early and late SSEP components. Modulation was modest and variable across subjects, limiting its potential role in therapeutic programming. Further work is required to elucidate the effects of lesion size and DBS lead placement.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We assessed SSEPs, a common clinical index of cortical excitability, as a candidate biomarker to optimize the programming of cerebellar neuromodulation devices for stroke recovery. Collected as part of a phase I clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for stroke, this work provides first in-human evidence that cerebellar stimulation acutely modulates both early and late stages of cortical sensory processing. We show that SSEPs, therefore, may be of future use for the programming of cerebellar neuromodulation devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"559-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 48-h exposure to natural hypobaric hypoxia on surface-electromyography-based cocontraction indices.","authors":"Juan Guerrero-Henriquez, Martin Vargas, Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez, Dayana Arias, Camila Salazar-Ardiles, David C Andrade","doi":"10.1152/jn.00177.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00177.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) affects the nervous system's ability to stabilize motor tasks, primarily through changes in neuromuscular activation. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding electromyographic responses under HH conditions, possibly due to a focus on individual muscle behaviors rather than intermuscular coordination. This study aimed to determine the effects of HH on surface electromyography-based cocontraction indices (CCIs) during a repetitive upper extremity task and to evaluate the impact of acute (<3 h) and prolonged (48 h) exposure. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 3,600 m above sea level, involving 12 healthy adults (5 males, 7 females). Surface electromyographic activity of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles was recorded during a repetitive reaching-retrieving task. Two CCIs were calculated. A significant effect of HH exposure time was observed, with higher CCIs after 48 h compared with acute exposure (<i>F</i>_1,44 = 4.172; <i>P</i> = 0.047, [Formula: see text] = 0.515). No significant interactions between task phases or movement durations were found. Exposure to HH for 48 h significantly increases CCIs, suggesting compensatory neuromotor responses to HH. These findings highlight the utility of CCIs as markers of neuromuscular alterations during HH and provide insights into the strategies used by the nervous system under extreme conditions. Future studies should explore these responses over longer periods and across diverse motor tasks.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> A 48-h exposure to natural hypobaric hypoxia increases cocontraction indices, suggesting compensatory neuromotor adaptations. These findings highlight hypoxia-induced motor control changes and support the use of cocontraction indices as markers of neuromuscular adaptation in extreme environments such as high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"602-609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticospinal excitability during timed interception depends on the speed of the moving target.","authors":"Justin R McCurdy, Daniel Zlatopolsky, Ria Doshi, Jing Xu, Deborah A Barany","doi":"10.1152/jn.00153.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00153.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successfully intercepting a moving object requires precisely timing the optimal moment to act by integrating information about the target's visual motion properties. Neurophysiological evidence indicates that activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) during interception preparation is sensitive to both the target's kinematic features and motor planning. However, how visual motion signals modulate M1 during timed interception remains unclear. In the present study, we applied single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over M1 to examine how a target's kinematics influence corticospinal excitability during interception preparation. Participants were instructed to abduct their right index finger to intercept a target moving horizontally at a constant speed toward a fixed interception zone. Target speed (Fast or Slow) and travel distance (Far or Close) were manipulated while controlling motion duration across conditions. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were elicited at five latencies before target arrival at the interception zone. Consistent with previous behavioral findings, movement initiation occurred earlier for faster targets and was delayed when TMS was applied closer to the target's arrival. Though MEPs were generally suppressed relative to baseline at earlier time points and facilitated closer to movement initiation, we observed that target speed-but not distance-influenced the time course of MEP modulation. When adjusting for movement initiation times, there was an overall reduced suppression and increased facilitation for faster-moving targets, possibly reflecting a heightened urgency to move. These results suggest M1 activity during interception preparation reflects internal estimates of target motion, which may serve to optimize interception timing and performance.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> When intercepting a moving object, like catching a ball, we need to continuously combine visual motion signals to predict the object's future location and enable accurate movement. Here, we show that preparatory suppression and facilitation of corticospinal excitability depend on the speed, but not the distance, of the moving target. These findings reveal that differences in interception timing are closely linked to changes in motor system excitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"517-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal and network resonance in the external globus pallidus.","authors":"Erick Olivares, Charles J Wilson","doi":"10.1152/jn.00270.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00270.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The external globus pallidus (GPe) is a connectional hub in the basal ganglia, receiving from and transmitting synaptic signals to all the other structures. The GPe is composed of a set of interconnected GABAergic projection neurons that fire spontaneously and respond to synaptic inputs by small changes in the timing of the next action potential. This style of synaptic integration produces spiking resonance, a preferential entrainment of spiking to input frequency components close to the cell's own firing rate. GPe neurons differ widely in firing rate, and also differ widely in frequency tuning. If the neurons were not interconnected, the GPe composite output would transmit a broad spectrum of input signals, with each cell transmitting signal components in its preferred frequency range. However, we have found that the sparse mutual inhibition among GPe neurons produces a collective resonance in the local network, not present in the response of any single neuron. Using a computer simulation of a 1,000-neuron subset of the GPe with connectivity based on experimental studies, we describe the emergence of a network resonance depending on the transmission delays in the local network. Our findings show that the resonant network response of the GPe does not require changes in the firing rates of individual neurons. Network resonance arises from coherence among neurons at a specific frequency determined by the delay caused by axonal conduction time and synaptic delay for monosynaptic interactions. Network resonance amplifies the collective response to input frequency components at and near this frequency.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Spiking resonance causes spontaneously firing neurons to preferentially encode information about frequency components of their input that are close to the cell's own rate. In the globus pallidus, transmission delays in the local collateral connections can produce an additional resonance in the collective output of neurons sharing a common input.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"794-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12341384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic switching in sensorimotor synchronization.","authors":"Ken-Ichi Okada, Masaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1152/jn.00356.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00356.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"783-785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetition effects reveal the subsequence representation of actions.","authors":"Mahdiyar Shahbazi, J Andrew Pruszynski, Jörn Diedrichsen","doi":"10.1152/jn.00372.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00372.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When a movement sequence is repeated, the second execution is faster than the first. This demonstrates that the brain retains some trace of the just-executed sequence, the earliest form of sequence memory. Currently, it is unclear whether this memory trace is represented at the level of <i>1</i>) transitions between movements, <i>2</i>) chunks of multiple movements, or <i>3</i>) the entire sequence. To answer this question, we instructed human participants to generate sequences of 11 finger presses in a delayed response paradigm. From one trial to the next, segments of variable length (1, 2, 4, 6, or 11 digits) could be repeated from the previous trial. We observed that repetition benefits appeared when a segment of four consecutive finger presses or longer was repeated from the previous trial. This suggests that the benefit of repetition is not merely the sum of improvements in individual transitions, nor does it require the entire sequence to be repeated. The repetition benefit was small for the first transition of a repeated segment and increased with additional repetitions. This suggests that the memory supporting the repetition effect is mainly activated when a series of past movements matches the memory trace. Planned future movements had less of an effect on the repetition effect. Our results provide insight into the structure of the earliest memory traces for motor sequences.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Many motor skills involve combining movements into sequences. After a single execution, humans retain a memory trace that speeds up repeated sequences. Consistent with previous work, our results show a repetition benefit even when only a small subsequence is repeated, suggesting that full sequence repetition is not necessary. This memory trace is activated when the last 2-3 movements match the current execution. Our work, therefore, sheds light on the structure of the earliest sequence memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"691-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of HCN channel expression and I_h in the auditory system: then, now, and future perspectives.","authors":"George Ordiway, Kristine McLellan, Jason Tait Sanchez","doi":"10.1152/jn.00602.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00602.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channel is highly specialized, mediating the flow of potassium and sodium ions when a cell is hyperpolarized. Since it was discovered nearly half a century ago, the HCN channel structure and function have been extensively characterized throughout the nervous system. This includes the auditory system, where HCN channels are abundantly expressed and are used to encode sound features with high temporal fidelity. Despite the ubiquitous presence of HCN channels in auditory regions, the physiological benefits of these channels within the auditory system have not been synthesized. Here, we summarize the reported empirical measurements of HCN channel expression and HCN channel-mediated current, known as I_h. From the hair cells of the inner ear to the auditory cortex, this comprehensive review reveals HCN channel contributions that mediate sound encoding. First, HCN channel subtype expression is heterogeneous and varies along the auditory structures' frequency axis (i.e., tonotopic gradient). Second, I_h contributes to action potential firing patterns and is influenced by channel localization, metabolic rate, and cyclic nucleotides in a context-dependent manner. Finally, HCN channels promote behaviors related to auditory perception, including synaptic coincidence detection, a property critical for auditory temporal processing, sound localization, and binaural hearing. This review establishes key features of HCN channels and I_h, highlighting seminal work, emerging trends, and gaps in knowledge for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"458-470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theta-frequency tACS selectively enhances early-phase motor learning through cerebellar modulation.","authors":"Ivana Paparella, Giorgio Leodori, Daniele Belvisi, Giacomo Koch, Antonella Conte, Danny Adrian Spampinato","doi":"10.1152/jn.00596.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00596.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor learning, facilitating processes such as timing, error correction, and coordination. However, optimizing noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to enhance these processes remains challenging. This study investigated the effects of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5 Hz and 50 Hz on motor learning during a serial reaction time task (SRTT). Twenty-six healthy participants completed three sessions, receiving 5 Hz, 50 Hz, or Sham stimulation during SRTT performance. Changes in reaction time and sequence performance were measured during the online stimulation phase, with motor retention assessed 24 h later. We found that 5 Hz tACS significantly improved motor performance during the early stages of sequence learning, as demonstrated by faster reaction times compared to the 50 Hz and Sham conditions. These effects, specific to early acquisition phases, align with the cerebellum's involvement in motor timing and error correction. No significant improvements were observed during offline motor retention, possibly due to the weaker entrainment or lack of prolonged sessions required for long-term plasticity. Furthermore, 50 Hz tACS did not influence SRTT performance, highlighting the frequency-specific nature of tACS-induced modulation. These findings suggest that theta-frequency tACS can selectively enhance cerebellar contributions to motor learning by aligning stimulation with intrinsic oscillations. Although transient, theta-tACS shows promise for modulating motor circuits in both research and clinical contexts. Future studies should investigate theta-tACS in more complex tasks and explore its therapeutic potential for sustained motor rehabilitation outcomes.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study highlights the potential of 5-Hz theta-frequency cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to enhance early motor learning. During a serial reaction time task, 5-Hz tACS significantly improved reaction times compared with 50 Hz and Sham conditions, aligning with the cerebellum's role in motor timing and error correction. Though effects were transient, these findings underscore the frequency-specific benefits of tACS and its promise for advancing motor learning research and therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"610-618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in corticospinal excitability of shoulder muscles across functional glenohumeral joint positions.","authors":"Garrick N Forman, Kailynn Mannella, Robin MacKenzie, Davis A Forman, Alan C Cudlip, Michael W R Holmes","doi":"10.1152/jn.00296.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00296.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shoulder is a complex region of the body that can be prone to injury associated with awkward postures due to a broad range of motion and relatively low stability. A better understanding of how arm orientation influences neural drive (excitability) to muscles surrounding the glenohumeral joint can provide insight into recruitment strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of glenohumeral joint angle on excitability of the muscles surrounding the shoulder complex. Ten participants underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation in five randomized joint angles: neutral, 45°, and 90° of elevation in shoulder flexion and abduction. Surface electromyography was collected from eight muscles of the dominant arm: biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and upper trapezius. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were elicited as stimulus response curves (SRC) in the resting muscles, with intensities of 85/100/115/130/145/160% of resting motor threshold. Results of this work revealed an angle and stimulus intensity interaction; 90° of shoulder abduction elicited the greatest MEP amplitudes across all intensities, whereas neutral resulted in the lowest MEP amplitude. There were main effects of joint angle and muscles, as supraspinatus resulted in the largest variability across neutral, 45° flexion, and 45° abduction as compared with deltoid muscles. This work highlights that changes in glenohumeral joint angle at the shoulder affect corticospinal excitability while at rest. Understanding how posture affects excitability for a range of muscles that surround the shoulder complex could have useful implications for task design and injury prevention.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This work reports the influence of glenohumeral joint angle on resting corticospinal excitability of muscles of the shoulder complex. This work demonstrated that 90° of shoulder abduction resulted in the greatest excitability across all muscles, whereas the neutral position resulted in the lowest MEP amplitude. These findings provide evidence that changes in glenohumeral joint angle affect corticospinal excitability while at rest.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"786-793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oscillatory dynamics in isolated dystonia: five hundred hours of chronic invasive multisite motor network recordings.","authors":"Stephanie Cernera, Maria Shcherbakova, Lauren H Hammer, Maximilian Friedrich, Robert Peach, Chi Wang Ip, Ian Bledsoe, Simon Little, Philip A Starr","doi":"10.1152/jn.00198.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00198.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, often treated with bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, optimizing DBS therapy remains challenging due to delayed clinical effects and a lack of objective biomarkers in dystonia. Using an investigational sensing-enabled DBS device attached to both cortical and pallidal leads, we recorded over 500 h of neural activity in a patient with cervical dystonia before and during chronic stimulation therapy while the individual went about their normal daily life. During off-stimulation settings, we observed increased low-frequency power (3-12 Hz) and a distinct narrowband gamma oscillation (∼60 Hz) in the sensorimotor cortex, both of which correlated with the severity of dystonic head tremor. DBS suppressed both pathological low-frequency activity and narrowband gamma oscillations while inducing stimulation-entrained gamma oscillations at half the stimulation frequency (65 Hz). Reductions in low-frequency power and increases in entrained gamma power were associated with improvements in dystonia severity, as measured by blinded clinical assessments of home video and video-derived kinematics, including head tremor amplitude and head angle deviations. The amplitude of gamma entrainment depended on stimulation parameters, including amplitude, frequency, and electrode contact. These findings suggest that gamma oscillations and their entrainment by stimulation may serve as an objective marker of DBS effectiveness in dystonia.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We recorded over 500 h of neural activity in a patient with cervical dystonia using a sensing-enabled DBS device-the most extensive dataset to date. Multisite recordings were paired with wearable and kinematic analysis of 100+ home videos. Low-frequency and narrowband gamma oscillations correlated with tremor and were suppressed by DBS, which also induced entrained gamma oscillations. These neural changes tracked with clinical and kinematic improvements, suggesting potential biomarkers of DBS effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"677-690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}