Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacological modulation of the M-current shapes locomotor function in developing zebrafish.","authors":"Stephanie F Gaudreau, Tuan V Bui","doi":"10.1152/jn.00003.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00003.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The M-current (<i>I</i>_M) is a noninactivating potassium current that has been implicated in the control of locomotion in mammals, where it was shown to shape the rhythm governing locomotor movements. We tested whether <i>I</i>_M might also be involved in the control of locomotor movements in developing zebrafish. Specifically, we investigated the involvement of <i>I</i>_M in the execution of escape responses and swimming movement of zebrafish aged 4-5 days postfertilization (dpf) using XE-991 and ICA-069673, a pharmacological blocker and enhancer of <i>I</i>_M, respectively. We found that <i>I</i>_M may influence the number and type of swim bouts in an escape response but not the duration of the first bout nor the tail beat frequency. Enhancing <i>I</i>_M reduced the distance swam with slow or fast swimming maneuvers by freely behaving larval zebrafish. We then studied whether <i>I</i>_M is involved in locomotor output by spinal circuits using various approaches to induce motor activity in spinalized 4-5 dpf zebrafish. We found that while modulating <i>I</i>_M during <i>N-</i>methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-evoked swimming activity had negligible effects, modulating <i>I</i>_M during swimming activity evoked by a generalized depolarization of the spinal cord affected specific swimming parameters. In particular, XE-991 and ICA-069673 had opposite effects on overall spiking activity, swimming episode frequency and duration, and the number of bursts within each episode. In summary, <i>I</i>_M was found to be involved in certain facets of escape response and swimming in larval zebrafish, and some of this influence resides within the expression of this current in spinal circuits.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We demonstrate for the first time a role of the M-current in specific parameters of escape responses and swimming in larval zebrafish. Experiments conducted in isolated spinal preparations point to the presence of the M-current in spinal circuits of larval zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1795-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating motor cortex plasticity via cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation.","authors":"Shancheng Bao, Yuming Lei","doi":"10.1152/jn.00600.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00600.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction between the motor and somatosensory systems is essential for effective motor control, with evidence indicating that somatosensory stimulation influences the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the mechanisms by which repetitive stimulation of both cortical and peripheral somatosensory systems affects M1 plasticity are not well understood. To investigate this, we examined the effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) applied to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the median nerve on various measures of corticospinal excitability and M1 intracortical circuits. Specifically, we assessed motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) before and after administering cTBS and TENS. Our results demonstrated that cTBS increased MEPs for at least 50 min, whereas TENS increased MEPs for 10 min. Neither cTBS nor TENS had an impact on SICI and ICF. However, cTBS decreased SAI, whereas TENS did not affect SAI. The sham procedures for both cTBS and TENS did not produce significant changes in MEPs, SICI, ICF, or SAI. These findings suggest that both cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation modulate corticospinal excitability, with the effects of cortical stimulation being more prolonged. Neither type of stimulation influences inhibitory and excitatory intracortical neural circuitry within M1. Notably, cortical somatosensory stimulation modulates the interaction between M1 and S1, whereas peripheral somatosensory stimulation does not. This study elucidates distinct mechanisms through which cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation influence M1 plasticity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study identifies distinct mechanisms through which cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation influence motor cortex (M1) plasticity. Both continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the median nerve enhance corticospinal excitability, with cTBS exhibiting longer-lasting effects. Importantly, cTBS, but not TENS, modulates the interaction between M1 and S1. These findings form the basis for developing targeted somatosensory interventions aimed at modulating motor function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1955-1966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the Aβ receptor that controls the voltage-gated sodium channel activity: unraveling mechanisms underlying neuronal hyperexcitability.","authors":"Mitsuyoshi Luke Saito, Tsutomu Sasaki, Mariko Ruth Saito","doi":"10.1152/jn.00530.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00530.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, often accompanied by personality changes and impairments in motor functions. Increased neuronal activity in AD patients is associated with the symptoms of the disease, suggesting a link between hyperactivity and cognitive decline. In particular, amyloid beta peptides (Aβs), which are implicated in AD, have been found to enhance voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), crucial for generating nerve impulses. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this interaction remain poorly understood. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the membrane receptor that binds to Aβ and regulates VGSC activity. In this report, we employed the patch-clamp method to monitor alterations in VGSCs induced by Aβ. Through gene silencing and antibody treatment, we determined that the receptor responsible for regulating VGSCs corresponds to the type I taste receptor (T1R2/T1R3). Our discovery not only advances the understanding of Aβ's physiological role but also opens avenues for developing molecules that can inhibit or alter Aβ binding, potentially regulating neuronal hyperactivity in AD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by memory loss and cognitive decline, with neuronal hyperactivity linked to amyloid beta peptides (Aβs) that enhance sodium channels. Using patch-clamp techniques, we determined that the receptor for Aβ corresponds to the type I taste receptor (T1R2/T1R3). This discovery reveals Aβ's physiological roles and offers a new molecular target for developing therapies to inhibit or modify Aβ binding, potentially regulating neurohyperactivity in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1861-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG characteristics of central nervous system graft-versus-host disease.","authors":"Nicolas Lambert, Majdouline El Moussaoui, Jan Brijs, Paul Chauvet, Jonathan D Santoro, Sara Gil-Perotín, Sophie Servais, Evelyne Willems, Frédéric Baron, Yves Beguin, Julie Truong, Pierre Maquet, Olivier Bodart","doi":"10.1152/jn.00142.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00142.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed the EEG characteristics of 17 patients with possible central nervous system (CNS) graft-versus-host disease (pCNS-GvHD). All EEGs were abnormal. Most (11 of 17 patients) showed background activity slowing. Sporadic epileptiform discharges were rare (2 patients) and observed only in chronic pCNS-GvHD. Sporadic nonepileptiform discharges, often generalized, frontally predominant, and triphasic, were common (15 of 17 patients). Two patients presented generalized rhythmic delta activity, one showed lateralized rhythmic delta activity, and one exhibited lateralized periodic discharges. Background activity slowing was statistically associated with higher 1-yr overall mortality (<i>P</i> = 0.026). These findings suggest that EEG may serve as a prognostic tool in CNS-GvHD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This retrospective study is the first to describe EEG features of central nervous system involvement in graft-versus-host disease (CNS-GvHD). It shows that CNS-GvHD consistently associates with EEG abnormalities at peak disease severity. Epileptiform discharges are rare and mostly occur in chronic CNS-GvHD. Finally, it identifies a statistically significant association between background rhythm frequency and 1-yr survival, suggesting EEG as a potential prognostic tool for CNS-GvHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"2029-2033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid complexity: is there a mechanistic link between asthma and OSA?","authors":"Omar A Mesarwi","doi":"10.1152/jn.00033.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00033.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1404-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population coding of distinct categories of behavior in the frontal eye field.","authors":"Matan Cain, Mati Joshua","doi":"10.1152/jn.00147.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00147.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain regions frequently contribute to the control of a range of behaviors. To understand how a brain area controls multiple behaviors, we examined how the frontal eye field (FEF) encodes different eye movements by recording the activity of 1,200 neurons during smooth pursuit, pursuit suppression, and saccade tasks in two female <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> monkeys. Single neurons tended to respond on all tasks. In the absence of task-specific clusters, we analyzed the relationships in directional preference between tasks. The tuning curves during the pursuit and suppression tasks were strongly correlated, unlike the correlations between the pursuit and saccade tasks that were considerably weaker. To study the implications of single neuron coding, we examined the patterns of population activity on the three tasks. We identified the low-dimensional subspaces that captured the most variance in population activity during each task and quantified the extent of overlap between these spaces. The absence of overlap between the subspaces spanned by population activity on the pursuit and saccades tasks prompted an independent linear readout of these tasks. Conversely, pursuit and pursuit suppression showed substantial overlap in their population activity subspaces. This overlap emphasized the predominance of visual motion in pursuit encoding and indicated that the linear readouts accounting for a large part of the variability in the pursuit tasks cannot completely attenuate the activity during suppression. Overall, these results imply that at the population level, FEF is organized predominantly along sensory rather than motor parameters.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We investigated how the frontal eye field (FEF) encodes smooth pursuit, pursuit suppression, and saccade in monkeys. Tuning curves were highly correlated between pursuit and suppression, but the correlation was much weaker in pursuit and saccade. Pursuit and saccade occupied orthogonal subspaces, indicating independent tuning, whereas pursuit and suppression overlapped substantially, emphasizing the predominance of visual motion in pursuit encoding. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the FEF's ability to control multiple behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1503-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscientific approaches to adolescent social media use: a review of neural correlates and potential associations to social media behaviors.","authors":"Madison M Hannapel, Minella Aghajani","doi":"10.1152/jn.00282.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00282.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents' social lives are evolving rapidly, existing largely online. There are mixed findings on the effect of social media on adolescent mental health. However, large gaps remain in this literature. The current review integrates behavioral and neuroimaging studies as they conceptually relate the prefrontal cortex and social media use. In doing so, we emphasize the multifaceted nature of social media use, the difficulties in isolating component behaviors, and the usefulness of utilizing neuroimaging for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1406-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force variability and neural control differences in an upper and lower limb muscle.","authors":"Kherto Ahmed, Kim J Uyeno, Anita D Christie","doi":"10.1152/jn.00423.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00423.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare force variability and motor unit firing behavior between the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, and between sexes. Twelve healthy males (age: 22.7 ± 2.7 yr, height: 1.8 ± 0.1 m; weight: 70.5 ± 18.5 kg) and 12 healthy females (age: 21.4 ± 1.9 yr; height: 1.6 ± 0.04 m; weight: 64.6 ± 10.6 kg) participated in this study. Participants completed a series of force tracing tasks, including steady force and varying force, by abducting their index finger and dorsiflexing their foot at submaximal intensities while force and motor unit behavior were recorded. Muscle-related differences in the coefficient of variance (CV) of force (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.02) were sex- and task-specific. The coefficient of variation of motor unit interspike intervals (CVISI) was higher in the FDI than the TA during both the constant force and force-varying contractions (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The CVISI was greater in males than females during both tasks, in the TA only (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Neural control may differ between muscles and sexes, in a task-dependent manner.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provides a unique, comprehensive comparison of the control of force and motor unit firing rates between a muscle in the upper and lower limb, and between sexes. Our findings identify differences in neural control between muscles and sexes; however, these differences were not observed in force control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1468-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of dwell time on the contextual effect of visual and passive lead-in movements.","authors":"Laura Alvarez-Hidalgo, David W Franklin, Ian S Howard","doi":"10.1152/jn.00501.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00501.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contextual cues arising from distinct movements are crucial in shaping control strategies for human movement. Here, we examine the impact of visual and passive lead-in movement cues on unimanual motor learning, focusing on the influence of \"dwell time,\" where two-part movements are separated by the interval between the end of the first movement and the start of the second. We used a robotic manipulandum to implement a point-to-point interference task with switching opposing viscous curl fields in male and female human participants. Consistent with prior research, in both visual and passive lead-in conditions, participants showed significant adaptation to opposing dynamics with short dwell times. As dwell time increased for both visual and passive signals, past movement information had less contextual influence. However, the efficacy of visual movement cues declined more rapidly as dwell times increased. At dwell times greater than 800 ms, the contextual influence of prior visual movement was small, whereas the effectiveness of passive lead-in movement was found to be significantly greater. This indicates that the effectiveness of sensory movement cues in motor learning is modality dependent. We hypothesize that such differences may arise because proprioceptive signals directly relate to arm movements, whereas visual inputs exhibit longer latency and, in addition, can relate to many aspects of movement in the environment and not just to our own arm movements. Therefore, the motor system may not always find visual movement cues as relevant for predictive control of dynamics.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This research uncovers, for the first time, how visual and proprioceptive sensory cues affect motor learning as a function of the pause or \"dwell time\" in two-part movements. The study has shown that visual lead-in movement cues lose their effectiveness sooner than passive lead-in movement cues as dwell time increases. By revealing the modality-dependent nature of sensory information, this study enhances our understanding of motor control and opens new possibilities for improving therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":"133 5","pages":"1520-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlimb reflexes of the lower limb elicited by femoral nerve stimulation in able-bodied persons.","authors":"Britta L Meyer, Finja Beermann, Jakob Langmann, Thomas Stieglitz, Cristian Pasluosta, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting","doi":"10.1152/jn.00249.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00249.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory feedback arising from muscles in the lower limb makes an important contribution to the activation of muscles on the opposite side. To date little is known about this interlimb communication for muscles of the upper leg. Here, we quantify interlimb reflexes of the quadriceps muscles elicited by femoral nerve stimulation. The reflex response of 10 able-bodied participants was analyzed at eight stimulation intensities [0.7× motor threshold (MT)-100% maximal M-wave (M-max)], during standing and sitting. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of the contralateral vastus lateralis (cVL), rectus femoris (cRF), biceps femoris (cBF), and soleus (cSOL) muscle were analyzed. Significant inhibitory long-latency responses were observed at stimulation intensities higher than 0.7 × MT, for the cVL and cRF. Onset latencies ranged from 67 ± 12 ms to 70 ± 13 ms during standing and from 61 ± 14 ms to 67 ± 15 ms during sitting. The strongest depression (-32.39% compared with baseline EMG activity) was observed for the cRF during standing at 50% M-max. The cBF showed excitatory long-latency responses during standing (strongest at 100% M-max with +52.36%) and inhibitory once during sitting, and small excitatory short-latency responses during standing. The cSOL showed inhibitory long-latency responses (-18.15% at 25% M-max) during standing. In conclusion, the results show that femoral nerve stimulation elicits consistent contralateral reflex responses in the quadriceps muscles. The occurrence at all intensities suggests that group Ia, Ib, and II afferents are involved in the pathways.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study introduced a method to consistently elicit contralateral reflex responses in the quadriceps muscles through femoral nerve stimulation. Responses of the contralateral vastus lateralis (cVL), contralateral rectus femoris (cRF), and contralateral soleus (cSOL) occurred only in the long-latency range, whereas the contralateral biceps femoris (cBF) showed small short-latency and long-latency activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1538-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}