Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Two ways to learn in visuomotor adaptation.","authors":"Yifan Zhang, Sana Jayaswal, Nicolas Schweighofer","doi":"10.1152/jn.00046.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00046.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has demonstrated significant interindividual variability in the recruitment of fast-explicit and slow-implicit processes during motor adaptation. In addition, we previously identified qualitative individual differences in adaptation linked to the formation and updating of new memory processes. Here, we investigated quantitative and qualitative differences in visuomotor adaptation with a design incorporating repeated learning and forgetting blocks, allowing for precise estimation of individual learning and forgetting rates in fast-slow adaptation models. Participants engaged in a two-day online visuomotor adaptation task. They first adapted to a 30° perturbation to eight targets in three learning blocks. Approximately 24 h later, they performed a no-feedback retention and a relearning block. We clustered the participants into strong and weak learners based on adaptation levels at the end of <i>day 1</i> and fitted a fast-slow system to the adaptation data. Strong learners exhibited a strong negative correlation between the estimated slow and fast processes, which predicted 24-h retention and savings, respectively, supporting the engagement of a fast-slow system. The individual differences in the recruitment of the two processes were attributed to a wide range of learning rates. Conversely, weak learners exhibited retention but no savings, supporting the engagement of a single slow system. Finally, both during baseline and adaptation, reaction times were shorter for weak learners. Our findings thus reveal two distinct ways to learn in visuomotor adaptation and highlight the necessity of considering both quantitative and qualitative individual differences in studies of motor learning.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Humans show large variability in their capacity to learn motor skills. Here, we demonstrate using an online experiment that the between-subject variability in motor adaptation has two sources: a qualitative difference, whereas some learners recruit a single slow process and others recruit both a fast and a slow process, and, among the latter group of learners, large quantitative differences in the competitive recruitment of the two processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1085-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent-not independent-M1 anodal and cerebellar cathodal tDCS enhances skill acquisition of a dexterous rhythmic-timing video game.","authors":"Davin Greenwell, Anthony W Meek, Hayami Nishio, Brach Poston, Zachary A Riley","doi":"10.1152/jn.00108.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00108.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that can alter the excitability of targeted brain regions and influence motor learning. For the first experiment, we studied the effects of several individual stimulation montages (2 mA) on motor learning in a complex rhythm-timing video game task [<i>n</i> = 79, M1 anodal tDCS (M1 a-tDCS), cerebellar anodal tDCS (CB a-tDCS), cerebellar cathodal tDCS (CB c-tDCS), and SHAM]. Performance was assessed using a performance index (PI) incorporating keystroke timing accuracy, tap distribution ratio, and key error rate. All groups demonstrated significant improvements in PI (<i>P</i> < 0.001), but no significant interaction effect of tDCS group by practice block was observed. However, a nonsignificant trend toward improved PI scores was observed in both the M1 a-tDCS and CB c-tDCS groups, which led us to perform a second experiment using the same video game task, but with concurrent M1 anodal and cerebellar cathodal tDCS (<i>n</i> = 24, M1a + CBc tDCS). With concurrent stimulation, there was a significant main effect of stimulation group on PI gain scores across practice blocks (<i>P</i> = 0.021), with M1a + CBc showing greater gains than SHAM. When controlling for baseline performance, the M1a + CBc group had significantly higher posttest PI scores compared with the sham group (<i>P</i> = 0.034). The results of this study suggest concurrent M1a + CBc stimulation causes neuroplastic changes between M1 and the cerebellum that enhance motor learning in complex tasks beyond what single-site stimulation can provide.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Through a series of many different stimulation conditions and two experiments, we were able to demonstrate the significance of multisite transcranial direct current stimulation on skill learning of a complex task. What started out with testing several single stimulation montages eventually led to discovering the compounding benefit of doing two sites at once. We believe this will be the future of neuromodulation, as protocols become increasingly more efficient based on the motor tasks used.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive load suppresses explicit learning while sparing implicit learning in visuomotor adaptation.","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhang, Tianyang Zhang, Kunlin Wei","doi":"10.1152/jn.00262.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00262.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limiting cognitive resources negatively impacts motor learning, but its cognitive mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies failed to differentiate its effect on explicit (or cognitive) and implicit (or procedural) aspects of motor learning. Here, we designed a dual-task paradigm requiring participants to simultaneously perform a visual working memory task and a visuomotor rotation adaptation task to investigate how cognitive load differentially impacted explicit and implicit motor learning. Over the three consecutive learning days, the control group without the dual task showed an increase in explicit learning and a decrease in implicit learning. In contrast, cognitive load, implemented by the dual task in the experimental group, selectively impaired explicit learning but spared implicit motor learning. Individual analysis uncovered a negative correlation between explicit learning and working memory performance, suggesting a trade-off between motor and cognitive tasks that compete for cognitive resources. Importantly, moderation analysis revealed that the relative increase in implicit learning was not directly influenced by cognitive load but rather indirectly by the changes in explicit learning. Specifically, individuals with more suppression in explicit learning from the dual task exhibited higher implicit learning. Our findings provide new insights into how cognitive load differentially affects explicit and implicit motor learning, as well as the interaction between explicit and implicit learning systems.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Motor skill acquisition is ubiquitously accompanied by cognitive load, yet its effects on motor learning remain understudied. Using a dual-task paradigm combining visual working memory and visuomotor adaptation, we found a striking dissociation: cognitive load suppresses explicit learning while paradoxically enhancing implicit learning. This enhancement can be explained by the compensatory relationship between explicit and implicit systems, rather than direct facilitation. Our findings revealed how the motor learning system adaptively reorganized under cognitive constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1133-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiological levels of extracellular calcium and potassium induce seizure-like discharges: identification of synaptic and nonsynaptic components.","authors":"Punam M Sawant-Pokam, Andrew Zayachkivsky, Heidi Grabenstatter, K C Brennan, F Edward Dudek","doi":"10.1152/jn.00286.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00286.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses are important in seizure generation, the contribution of nonsynaptic ionic and electrical mechanisms to synchronization of seizure-prone hippocampal neurons remains unclear. Here, we developed a physiologically relevant in vitro model to study these mechanisms by inducing prolonged seizure-like discharges (SLDs) in hippocampal slices from male rats through modest, sustained ionic manipulations. Specifically, we reduced extracellular calcium to 0.8-1.0 mM and elevated potassium to 6-12 mM, mimicking pathophysiological states observed in vivo during brain injury, hypocalcemia, or intense neuronal activity. These ionic shifts reliably generated SLDs in the dentate gyrus and CA1. The SLDs could last tens of seconds and exhibited an evolution in waveform, pattern, and complexity-common and important characteristics of seizures in vivo, including spontaneous recurrent seizures recorded from freely behaving rats with kainate-induced epilepsy. In CA1, the SLDs continued to occur after evoked synaptic responses were eliminated with glutamate- and GABA-receptor antagonists. The blocker-resistant SLDs typically had an altered frequency and duration with reduced temporal waveform complexity. Thus, nonsynaptic ionic and electrical mechanisms can sustain and synchronize SLDs that do not require glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission; however, these neurotransmitter systems contribute significantly to the frequency, duration, and temporal complexity of the discharges. This work demonstrates that seizure generation can occur independently of classical synaptic transmission, highlighting the relevance of nonsynaptic mechanisms in seizures arising under metabolic or injury-related conditions. However, synaptic transmission contributes to the temporal evolution and complexity of seizures-hallmarks of clinically observed seizure activity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Modest, sustained reductions in [Ca²⁺]_ex and increases in [K⁺]_ex reliably induce seizure-like discharges (SLDs) in hippocampal slices, mimicking key features of spontaneous seizures in vivo. These SLDs consistently persist after synaptic blockade with glutamate- and GABA-receptor antagonists, but often with altered duration and frequency and reduced temporal complexity. Thus, nonsynaptic ionic and electrical mechanisms can synchronize hippocampal neurons during SLDs, whereas chemical synapses contribute to their frequency, duration, and waveform complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1153-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phrenic long-term facilitation following severe acute intermittent hypoxia is preserved in geriatric male rats.","authors":"Kayla A Burrowes, Alexandria B Marciante, Gordon S Mitchell","doi":"10.1152/jn.00260.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00260.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits a form of respiratory motor plasticity known as phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF). Although AIH comprised of moderate versus severe hypoxic episodes both elicit pLTF, they do so via completely distinct cellular mechanisms. In young adult male rats, moderate AIH (mAIH) elicits pLTF via a serotonin-driven, adenosine-constrained mechanism. In aged rats, mAIH-induced pLTF is diminished due to increased basal spinal adenosine levels that further constrain serotonin-driven pLTF. In contrast, in young male rats, severe AIH (sAIH) elicits pLTF via an adenosine-dominant, serotonin-constrained mechanism. Since basal spinal adenosine levels are elevated in aged male rats, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine-dependent, sAIH-induced pLTF is enhanced in aged versus young male rats. Young (∼3 mo) and aged (∼20 mo) male Sprague-Dawley rats were urethane-anesthetized, ventilated, vagotomized, paralyzed, and exposed to sAIH (3, 5-min episodes, arterial Po₂ = 25-30 mmHg; 5-min intervals). Integrated phrenic nerve activity was measured before (baseline), during each hypoxic episode, and for 60 min post sAIH. Neither baseline phrenic burst amplitude, the short-term hypoxic phrenic response, nor pLTF (% change from baseline in phrenic burst amplitude) were different in aged versus young male rats (132 ± 19% vs. 99 ± 17%, respectively). Thus, although sAIH-induced pLTF is not significantly elevated in aged versus young male rats as predicted, the capacity for adenosine-driven plasticity is preserved, in contrast with serotonin-dependent, mAIH-induced pLTF.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We report new findings that advance our understanding of how cellular mechanisms underlying respiratory motor plasticity shift with age. Age-related shifts in the magnitude or mechanism driving plasticity have major clinical relevance as we work to translate AIH for therapeutic benefit in conditions such as chronic spinal cord injury or ALS, where subjects in ongoing clinical trials are often males of advanced age.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1146-1152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal changes in excitation-contraction coupling in spastic human muscle.","authors":"Zheng Wang, Ernest M Hoffman, William J Litchy, Alexander Y Shin, Peter C Rhee, Kenton R Kaufman, Richard L Lieber","doi":"10.1152/jn.00274.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00274.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spasticity results from upper motor neuron lesions and can create a deforming force and pain, and is often accompanied by contracture. Although the origin of spasticity is neural, there is ample evidence of secondary muscle changes. Here, we use direct measurement of the force-frequency relationship (FFR) to characterize human muscle's physiological properties. This study directly quantified the FFR of both healthy and spastic human skeletal muscles. Muscle force was measured intraoperatively in healthy gracilis (<i>n</i> = 13; aged 39.4 ± 10.6 yr; surgery due to brachial plexus injury) and spastic biceps brachii muscle (<i>n</i> = 8; aged 53.3 ± 10.3 yr; surgery due to stroke or traumatic brain injury). Nerve stimulation was applied at frequencies ranging from 1 to 70 Hz. Twitch contraction parameters, including time to peak tension (TPT) and half-relaxation time (HRT), were also compared. The FFR of the two muscles was modeled with sigmoid functions, and differences between muscles were assessed with an extra sum-of-squares <i>F</i> test. TPT did not significantly differ between groups (<i>P</i> = 0.12), whereas HRT was prolonged in the spastic biceps (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Despite small differences in twitch kinetics, both muscles exhibited nearly identical FFR profiles. This study represents the first direct in vivo report of spastic human muscle kinetic properties and shows that these contractile kinetics are similar in healthy and spastic muscles. This may suggest that there are no dramatic calcium handling or myosin heavy chain changes in the biceps muscle secondary to spasticity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study presents the first in vivo intraoperative measurement of the kinetic properties of spastic human muscle. Despite slower relaxation in spastic biceps, the force-frequency relationship was similar to that of the healthy gracilis muscle. This suggests that spasticity does not substantially alter frequency-dependent force summation, possibly due to similar fiber-type compositions and limited changes in calcium handling or myosin isoforms in human spastic muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conundrum of neuronal direction selectivity in the visual ventral stream.","authors":"Miguel Castelo-Branco","doi":"10.1152/jn.00255.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00255.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theta burst entrainment of human EEG using flickering light stimulation.","authors":"Yu-Hui Lo, Shih-Chiang Ke, Tzung-Te Chen, Hsin-Hui Tsao, Philip Tseng","doi":"10.1152/jn.00393.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00393.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a well-established technique in brain stimulation, with broad applications across neuroscience, rehabilitation, and psychiatry. Traditionally, TBS is delivered via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which, while effective, is costly and requires professional oversight. In this study, we demonstrate that sensory stimulation-specifically, flickering light delivered in a theta burst pattern-can also induce robust neural entrainment. Participants viewed an LED light panel positioned 40 cm away across three sequential phases: a 3-minute pre-stimulation baseline, a 5-minute online stimulation period, and a 5-minute post-stimulation observation. Consistent with findings from the TMS literature (outside the motor cortex), continuous TBS elicited strong theta-band EEG entrainment, whereas intermittent TBS produced minimal or no entrainment. These results provide the first evidence, using online and offline EEG, that sensory stimulation can mimic key features of TBS-induced entrainment. This paves the way for future clinical and neuroscientific applications of TBS for neural entrainment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synaptic PSD-95 Biology: From Localization and Interactors to N-Terminus Function.","authors":"Atta Alkaas, Prajwal Kurup, Sai Kanuru, Adalia Von Rommel, Taran Singh, Meera J Patel, Jary Y Delgado","doi":"10.1152/jn.00272.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00272.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activity-dependent modifications in synaptic strength, collectively referred to as synaptic plasticity, represent the primary cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Synaptic potentiation is mediated by the cellular mechanism known as long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas synaptic weakening occurs via the induction of long-term depression (LTD). In this review, we center on the question of synaptic plasticity from the framework of the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein. PSD-95 is chosen as a point of discussion due to its critical role in organizing the nanoscale architecture of the postsynaptic density (PSD) and orchestrating key signaling pathways involved in synaptic plasticity, namely N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTD. We emphasize posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of the N-terminal domain of PSD-95 and their influence on synaptic localization and stability. In particular, we synthesize evidence for phosphorylation-dependent cis-trans isomerization regulating palmitoylation and membrane association. This model integrates nanoscale crowding, PTM gating, and modular protein interaction domains to explain how LTD is locally initiated and maintained at excitatory synapses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding of frequency-modulated sweeps by core and belt neurons in the alert macaque auditory cortex.","authors":"Brian J Malone, Gregg H Recanzone","doi":"10.1152/jn.00229.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00229.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acoustic stimuli where the spectrum is time-varying are ubiquitous in natural sounds, including animal vocalizations, human speech, and music. Early studies of such stimuli involving frequency-modulated sweeps revealed that neurons in the primary auditory cortex of a variety of mammals show differences in firing rates depending on either the direction of the sweep and/or the sweep velocity. Psychophysical studies have also shown that the perception of such time-varying stimulus parameters is quite acute, underscoring the importance of such signals in normal acoustic perception. The responses of auditory neurons in alert primates has been little studied, and there is limited information relating neural activity to the perception of these signals. In this study, we investigated the neural discriminability of sweep direction and velocity for frequency-modulated sweeps presented to alert rhesus macaque monkeys in both core and belt auditory cortical areas. We quantified how well these information-bearing parameters were encoded using spike train pattern discriminators, and compared decoder performance when neural responses were restricted to temporal patterns or firing rates. Decoding accuracy for firing rate alone exceeded chance, and rate-normalized, spike-timing information was essentially equivalent to the complete firing pattern. Although most belt areas showed small decreases in decoding accuracy relative to the primary field, all fields encoded and represented sweeps similarly. Thus, there was little evidence of hierarchical processing between core and belt fields for these stimuli, indicating that frequency modulation sweep direction and velocity are not specifically extracted in the early auditory cortical hierarchy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}