Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"IL-33 secreted from astrocytes alleviates cognitive impairment associated with neuropathic pain via oxidative stress in mice.","authors":"Siyuan Wang, Yikang Yuan, Xin Liu, Aining Zhang, Ke Li, Bingrui Xiong, Mian Peng","doi":"10.1152/jn.00036.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00036.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment is one of the most common comorbidities in individuals suffering from neuropathic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying pain-associated cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. Studies show that IL-33 is essential for synaptic plasticity, which is necessary for learning and memory formation. Here, we used a spared nerve injury (SNI) model in mice to induce cognitive dysfunction associated with neuropathic pain. Behavioral changes following surgery were assessed using Von Frey test, open field test and novel object recognition test. Immunofluorescence, chemical genetics, and stereotaxic injections were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms. Mitochondrial morphology and oxidative stress levels were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and by measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The data suggest that animals after SNI with comorbid memory dysfunction exhibited a decline in IL-33 levels in the dorsal hippocampal CA3 region, accompanied by deactivated astrocytes. The expression of IL-33-positive astrocytes was reduced, and the number of dendritic spines was decreased. Additionally, SOD activity was decreased, ROS production increased, accompanied with impaired mitochondrial morphology in synapses. Exogenous IL-33 administration or enhancing endogenous IL-33 release via chemogenetic activation of astrocytes alleviated cognitive impairment. These effects were mediated by improvement in mitochondrial morphology, reduction in oxidative stress levels, and increase in the number of dendritic spines. Findings indicated that IL-33 derived from astrocytes in the dorsal CA3 contributes to synaptic plasticity and oxidative stress in SNI mice. Accordingly, IL-33 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for pain-associated cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parvalbumin Neurons and Cortical Coding of Dynamic Stimuli: A Network Model.","authors":"Jian Carlo Nocon, Isaac Paul Boyd, Howard Gritton, Xue Han, Kamal Sen","doi":"10.1152/jn.00283.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00283.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortical circuits feature both excitatory and inhibitory cells that underlie the encoding of dynamic sensory stimuli, e.g., speech, music, odors, and natural scenes. While previous studies have shown that inhibition plays an important role in shaping the neural code, how excitatory and inhibitory cells coordinate to enhance encoding of temporally dynamic stimuli is not fully understood. Recent experimental recordings in mouse auditory cortex have shown that optogenetic suppression of parvalbumin neurons results in a decrease of neural discriminability of dynamic stimuli. Here, we present a multilayer model of a cortical circuit that mechanistically explains these results. The model is based on parvalbumin neurons which respond to both stimulus onsets and offsets, as observed experimentally, and incorporates characteristic short-term synaptic plasticity profiles of excitatory and parvalbumin neurons. We reveal that by tuning the relative strengths of onset and offset inputs to parvalbumin neurons, the model generates different regimes of coding dominated by rapid firing rate modulations or spike timing. Moreover, the model replicates the experimentally observed reduction in neural discrimination performance during optogenetic suppression of parvalbumin neurons. These results suggest that distinct onset and offset inputs to parvalbumin neurons enhance cortical discriminability of dynamic stimuli by encoding distinct temporal features, enhancing temporal coding, and reducing cortical noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated exposure to cutaneous high-frequency electrical stimulation prolongs the time course of secondary hyperalgesia.","authors":"Louisien Lebrun, Alexandre Stouffs, Emmanuel Hermans, Emanuel N van den Broeke, Caterina Leone, Ombretta Caspani, Andrea Truini, Luis Garcia-Larrea, Rolf-Detlef Treede, André Mouraux","doi":"10.1152/jn.00130.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00130.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to noxious stimuli induces secondary hyperalgesia (SH), likely due to long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dorsal horn or 'central sensitization'. Previous studies have suggested that repeated exposure to a sensitizing stimulus may promote persistent form of potentiation. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing time course and spatial spread of SH induced by repeated exposures to high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) in healthy volunteers. Separate groups of 16 participants received either a single session of 5 or 10 HFS trains ('HFS 1x5' and 'HFS 1x10' groups), or two sessions of 5 HFS trains separated by one hour and applied to the same forearm ('HFS 2x5' group) or the contralateral forearm ('HFS 2x5 bilateral' group). HFS trains consisted in 1-second 100 Hz stimulation (20x detection threshold). The magnitude and spread of SH were assessed using pinprick stimulation at 9 time-points up to 24 hours post-HFS. Temporal decay of HFS-induced increase in pinprick sensitivity was significantly slower in the 'HFS 2x5' versus the 'HFS 1x5' and 'HFS 1x10' groups (half-life: 438 vs 255 vs 247 min). In contrast, the time course of hyperalgesia area was similar in the 'HFS 2x5' and 'HFS 1x5' groups (451 and 470 min) but decayed more rapidly in the 'HFS 1x10' group (92 min). In the 'HFS 2x5 bilateral' group, pre-exposure to HFS on one forearm did not affect contralateral hyperalgesia magnitude or half-life, but slightly increased its spatial extent. These findings suggest that repeated exposure to noxious stimulation favors induction of a longer-lasting form of central sensitization.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Focus on \"Characterization of receptive fields in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tammar wallaby\" by Jung et al., 2025.","authors":"Kerstin Erika Schmidt, Amanda Domingues Fonseca, Friedrich Schwarz, Sergio Neuenschwander","doi":"10.1152/jn.00192.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00192.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Motor Unit Activity of Co-activated Muscles During Dynamic Force Field Adaptation.","authors":"Yori R Escalante, Shancheng Bao, Yuming Lei","doi":"10.1152/jn.00127.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00127.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle co-contraction plays a critical role in motor adaptation by minimizing movement errors and enhancing joint stability in novel dynamic environments. However, the underlying changes in motor unit (MU) activity within co-activated muscles during adaptation remain largely unexplored. To investigate this, we employed advanced electromyography sensor arrays and signal processing to examine MU activation in the triceps brachii (agonist) and biceps brachii (antagonist) during a reaching task under force-field perturbation. Our results revealed a gradual reduction in movement errors and an increase in velocity with adaptation, accompanied by a decrease in muscle co-contraction from early to late adaptation phases. This reduction was primarily driven by increased triceps activity, while biceps activity remained unchanged throughout the adaptation process. At the MU level, recruitment, amplitude, and firing rate increased in both muscles during adaptation compared to baseline (without force-field perturbation). However, from early to late adaptation phases, triceps MU amplitude continued to increase, while its firing rate stabilized, suggesting a shift in force generation strategy. In contrast, biceps MU activity remained stable throughout the adaptation. These findings indicate that the reduction in co-contraction during motor adaptation is likely mediated by a shift in motor unit control strategy within the agonist muscle. The increased reliance on MU amplitude modulation rather than firing rate in later adaptation may represent a mechanism for optimizing force production while maintaining movement accuracy and joint stability in dynamic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating Motor Cortex Plasticity via Cortical and Peripheral Somatosensory Stimulation.","authors":"Shancheng Bao, Yuming Lei","doi":"10.1152/jn.00600.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00600.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction between the motor and somatosensory systems is essential for effective motor control, with evidence indicating that somatosensory stimulation influences the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the mechanisms by which repetitive stimulation of both cortical and peripheral somatosensory systems affects M1 plasticity are not well understood. To investigate this, we examined the effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) applied to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the median nerve on various measures of corticospinal excitability and M1 intracortical circuits. Specifically, we assessed motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) before and after administering cTBS and TENS. Our results demonstrated that cTBS increased MEPs for at least 50 minutes, whereas TENS increased MEPs for 10 minutes. Neither cTBS nor TENS had an impact on SICI and ICF. However, cTBS decreased SAI, while TENS did not affect SAI. The sham procedures for both cTBS and TENS did not produce significant changes in MEPs, SICI, ICF, or SAI. These findings suggest that both cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation modulate corticospinal excitability, with the effects of cortical stimulation being more prolonged. Neither type of stimulation influences inhibitory and excitatory intracortical neural circuitry within M1. Notably, cortical somatosensory stimulation modulates the interaction between M1 and S1, whereas peripheral somatosensory stimulation does not. This study elucidates distinct mechanisms through which cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation influence M1 plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of energy-efficient coding in visual cortex.","authors":"S Amin Moosavi, Antonia Pastor, Alfredo G Ornelas, Elaine Tring, Dario L Ringach","doi":"10.1152/jn.00078.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00078.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sparse coding enables cortical populations to represent sensory inputs efficiently, yet its temporal dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we provide direct evidence that stimulus onset initially drives broad cortical activation, transiently reducing sparseness while increasing mutual information. Over time, competitive interactions refine the population response, maintaining high mutual information as activity declines and sparseness increases. Critically, coding efficiency, quantified as the ratio of mutual information to metabolic cost, steadily improves throughout stimulus presentation, revealing an active, time-dependent optimization of sensory representations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid complexity: is there a mechanistic link between asthma and OSA?","authors":"Omar A Mesarwi","doi":"10.1152/jn.00033.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00033.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1404-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population coding of distinct categories of behavior in the frontal eye field.","authors":"Matan Cain, Mati Joshua","doi":"10.1152/jn.00147.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00147.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain regions frequently contribute to the control of a range of behaviors. To understand how a brain area controls multiple behaviors, we examined how the frontal eye field (FEF) encodes different eye movements by recording the activity of 1,200 neurons during smooth pursuit, pursuit suppression, and saccade tasks in two female <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> monkeys. Single neurons tended to respond on all tasks. In the absence of task-specific clusters, we analyzed the relationships in directional preference between tasks. The tuning curves during the pursuit and suppression tasks were strongly correlated, unlike the correlations between the pursuit and saccade tasks that were considerably weaker. To study the implications of single neuron coding, we examined the patterns of population activity on the three tasks. We identified the low-dimensional subspaces that captured the most variance in population activity during each task and quantified the extent of overlap between these spaces. The absence of overlap between the subspaces spanned by population activity on the pursuit and saccades tasks prompted an independent linear readout of these tasks. Conversely, pursuit and pursuit suppression showed substantial overlap in their population activity subspaces. This overlap emphasized the predominance of visual motion in pursuit encoding and indicated that the linear readouts accounting for a large part of the variability in the pursuit tasks cannot completely attenuate the activity during suppression. Overall, these results imply that at the population level, FEF is organized predominantly along sensory rather than motor parameters.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We investigated how the frontal eye field (FEF) encodes smooth pursuit, pursuit suppression, and saccade in monkeys. Tuning curves were highly correlated between pursuit and suppression, but the correlation was much weaker in pursuit and saccade. Pursuit and saccade occupied orthogonal subspaces, indicating independent tuning, whereas pursuit and suppression overlapped substantially, emphasizing the predominance of visual motion in pursuit encoding. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the FEF's ability to control multiple behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1503-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscientific approaches to adolescent social media use: a review of neural correlates and potential associations to social media behaviors.","authors":"Madison M Hannapel, Minella Aghajani","doi":"10.1152/jn.00282.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00282.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents' social lives are evolving rapidly, existing largely online. There are mixed findings on the effect of social media on adolescent mental health. However, large gaps remain in this literature. The current review integrates behavioral and neuroimaging studies as they conceptually relate the prefrontal cortex and social media use. In doing so, we emphasize the multifaceted nature of social media use, the difficulties in isolating component behaviors, and the usefulness of utilizing neuroimaging for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"1406-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}