Journal of neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity in children: implications for emotion regulation and dyadic approaches.","authors":"Minella Aghajani, Amber Efthemiou, Emily Manasian","doi":"10.1152/jn.00193.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00193.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been implicated in emotional responding in children and is susceptible to the influences of contextual factors. There are mixed findings regarding adaptive changes in RSA reactivity in response to stressors and challenges. This review identifies contextual factors that contribute to the variation in adaptive responses to emotional stressors and provides an outlet for the utility of dyadic approaches in understanding these patterns in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic calcitonin gene-related peptide modifies auditory and vestibular end organ electrical potentials, and increases sensory hypersensitivities.","authors":"Shafaqat M Rahman, Stefanie Faucher, Raajan Jonnala, Joseph C Holt, Choongheon Lee, Anne E Luebke","doi":"10.1152/jn.00226.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00226.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migraine is a severe and chronic neurological disorder that affects ∼18% of people worldwide, the majority being female (3:1). It is characterized by recurrent, debilitating headaches and heightened sensory sensitivities. People with migraine may develop vestibular migraine (VM), characterized by a heightened motion sensitivity and preponderance for spontaneous vertigo attacks and balance problems such as postural instability. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is implicated in migraine and is believed to act on brain meninges or in subcortical central nervous system (CNS) structures, and CGRP-based antagonists have shown efficacy for migraine treatment. CGRP also signals at efferent synapses of the cochlea and vestibular end organs, but it is unclear whether exogenous CGRP can modulate inner ear function at the end organ level and cause heightened behavioral responses consistent with VM. We tested whether intraperitoneally (ip) delivered CGRP to wild-type mice can modulate end-organ potentials to sound [via auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)] and jerk stimuli [via vestibular sensory evoked potentials (VsEPs)]. We also assessed behavioral measures of phonophobia [acoustic startle reflex (ASR)] and static imbalance [postural sway-center of pressure (CoP)] after intraperitoneal CGRP, and observed that female mice exhibited heightened sensitivities to intraperitoneal CGRP in all assays. Male mice showed similar auditory sensitivity and end-organ effects to CGRP, but systemic CGRP did not modify male postural sway as it did in females. In conclusion, we show that intraperitoneally delivered CGRP affects ABRs and VsEPs and elicits behaviors suggestive of auditory hypersensitivity and postural instability in mice related to the phonophobia and postural instability seen in patients with VM.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been implicated in migraine, and CGRP-based therapeutics have shown efficacy in the treatment of migraine headaches. CGRP is also present in efferent synapses of the inner ear, so we questioned whether increases in systemic CGRP can act directly on inner ear end organs. In this study, we determined systemic CGRP changes auditory (ABR) and vestibular (VsEP) endorgan potentials and produces migraine behaviors similar to phonophobia and postural control deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk optimization during ongoing movement: insights from movement and gaze behavior in throwing.","authors":"Stephan Zahno, Damian Beck, Ralf Kredel, André Klostermann, Ernst-Joachim Hossner","doi":"10.1152/jn.00606.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00606.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Handling motor noise is fundamental to successful sensorimotor behavior, especially in high-risk situations. Research using finger-pointing tasks shows that humans account for motor noise and costs of potential outcomes in movement planning. However, does this mechanism generalize to more complex movement tasks? Here, we investigate sensorimotor behavior under risk in a virtual reality throwing task across three experiments with 20 participants each. Their task was to throw balls at a target circle, partially overlapped by a penalty circle. In the experiments, penalty magnitude and the distance between the circles were manipulated. We measured the location of their final gaze fixation before movement-as an indicator of their planned aiming point-and the ball's impact location. Without penalty, the final gaze fixation and the ball's impact location were both centered on the target. In the penalty condition, the location of the participants' final gaze fixations and the ball's impact shifted away from the penalty circle, with larger shifts for higher penalties and smaller distances. Interestingly, the shifts in the ball's impact locations were not only larger (\"less risk seeking\") but also closer to the statistically optimal (expected gain-maximizing) location compared with the fixated aim points. Movement trajectory analyses show that, in penalty conditions, the shifts away from the penalty zone increased until the final phases of the movement. Based on these results, we propose the hypothesis that risk evaluation is not completed in a pre-movement planning phase but is further optimized during movement execution.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We extend the study of sensorimotor behavior under risk from simple finger-pointing movements (Trommershäuser et al., Trends Cogn Sci 12: 291-297, 2008) to a complex throwing task in virtual reality. Our results suggest that, in complex sensorimotor behavior, risk evaluation of potential movements is not confined to a cognitive planning phase before movement but is optimized in action, with the motor system continuously biasing competing action options toward regions of higher expected rewards.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"94-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulations reveal that beta burst detection may inappropriately characterize the beta band.","authors":"Zachary D Langford, Charles R E Wilson","doi":"10.1152/jn.00125.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00125.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In neurophysiological research, the traditional view of beta band activity as sustained oscillations is being reinterpreted as transient bursts. Bursts are characterized by a distinct wavelet shape, high amplitude, and, most importantly, brief temporal occurrence. The primary method for their detection relies on a threshold-based analysis of spectral power, and this presents two fundamental issues. First, the threshold selection is effectively arbitrary, being influenced by both temporally proximal and distal factors in the signal. Second, the method necessarily detects temporal events; as such it is susceptible to misidentifying sustained signals as transient bursts. To address these issues, this study systematically explores burst detection through simulations, shedding light on the method's robustness across various scenarios. Although the method is effective in detecting transients in numerous cases, it can be overly sensitive, leading to spurious detections. Moreover, when applied to simulations featuring exclusively sustained events, the method frequently yields events exhibiting characteristics consistent with a transient burst interpretation. By simulating an average difference in power between experimental conditions, we illustrate how apparent burst rate differences between conditions can emerge even in the absence of actual burst rate disparities and even in the absence of bursts. This capacity to produce misleading outcomes challenges the reinterpretation of sustained beta oscillations as transient bursts and prompts a critical reassessment of the existing literature.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Neurophysiological research is experiencing a transformative shift in understanding beta band activity, moving away from the notion of sustained oscillations toward recognizing the significance of transient bursts. Here, we show how the methods to detect such bursts are prone to spurious detections and can blur the distinction between sustained signals and transient bursts. Furthermore, in realistic scenarios, these methods can produce apparent behavioral associations where no such association exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor sequence learning elicits mu peak-specific corticospinal plasticity.","authors":"Tharan Suresh, Fumiaki Iwane, Minsu Zhang, Margaret McElmurry, Muskan Manesiya, Michael V Freedberg, Sara J Hussain","doi":"10.1152/jn.00579.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00579.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor cortical (M1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions increase corticospinal output and improve motor learning when delivered during sensorimotor mu rhythm trough but not peak phases, suggesting that the mechanisms supporting motor learning may be most active during mu trough phases. Based on these findings, we predicted that motor sequence learning-related corticospinal plasticity would be most evident when measured during mu trough phases. Healthy adults were assigned to either a sequence or no-sequence group. Participants in the sequence group practiced the implicit serial reaction time task (SRTT), which contained an embedded, repeating 12-item sequence. Participants in the no-sequence group practiced a version of the SRTT that contained no sequence. We measured mu phase-independent and mu phase-dependent MEP amplitudes using EEG-informed single-pulse TMS before, immediately after, and 30 min after the SRTT in both groups. All participants performed a retention test 1 h after SRTT acquisition. In both groups, mu phase-independent MEP amplitudes increased following SRTT acquisition, but the pattern of mu phase-dependent MEP amplitude changes after SRTT acquisition differed between groups. Relative to the no-sequence group, the sequence group showed greater peak-specific MEP amplitude increases 30 min after SRTT acquisition. Furthermore, the magnitude of these peak-specific MEP amplitude increases was negatively associated with the magnitude of sequence learning. Contrary to our original hypothesis, results revealed that motor sequence learning elicits peak-specific corticospinal plasticity. Findings provide first direct evidence that motor sequence learning recruits mu phase-dependent neurophysiological processes in the human brain.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Recent work suggests that motor learning's neural mechanisms may be most active during specific sensorimotor mu rhythm phases. If so, motor sequence learning-induced corticospinal plasticity should be more evident during some mu phases than others. Our results show that motor sequence learning elicits corticospinal plasticity that is most prominent during mu peak phases. Furthermore, this peak-specific plasticity correlates with learning. Findings provide first evidence that motor learning elicits mu phase-dependent plasticity in the human brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"250-263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indecision under time pressure arises from suboptimal switching behavior.","authors":"Seth R Sullivan, Rakshith Lokesh, Jan A Calalo, Truc T Ngo, John H Buggeln, Adam M Roth, Christopher Peters, Isaac L Kurtzer, Michael J Carter, Joshua G A Cashaback","doi":"10.1152/jn.00563.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00563.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indecisive behavior can be catastrophic, leading to car crashes or stock market losses. Despite fruitful efforts across several decades to understand decision making, there has been little research on what leads to indecision. Here, we examined how indecisions arise under high-pressure deadlines. In our first experiment, participants attempted to select a target by either reacting to a stimulus or guessing, when acting under a high-pressure time constraint. We found that participants were suboptimal, displaying a below chance win percentage due to an excessive number of indecisions. Computational modeling suggested that participants were excessively indecisive because they failed to account for a time delay and temporal uncertainty when switching from reacting to guessing, a phenomenon previously unreported in the literature. In a follow-up experiment, we provide direct evidence for a functionally relevant time delay and temporal uncertainty when switching from reacting to guessing. Collectively, our results indicate that participants failed to account for a time delay and temporal uncertainty associated with switching from reacting to guessing, leading to suboptimal and indecisive behavior.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Indecisive behavior is highly prevalent in many aspects of daily life. Despite its ubiquity, there has been very little focus and a lack of explanation for why indecisions occur. Here, we find under high time pressure scenarios that indecisions arise by misrepresenting additional time delays and temporal uncertainties associated when attempting to switch from reacting to guessing. Our novel paradigm presents a new way to elucidate and study indecisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventral striatum is preferentially correlated with the salience network including regions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Heather L Kosakowski, Jingnan Du, Vaibhav Tripathi, Mark C Eldaief, Randy L Buckner","doi":"10.1152/jn.00477.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00477.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ventral striatum (VS) receives input from the cerebral cortex and is modulated by midbrain dopaminergic projections in support of processing reward and motivation. Here, we explored the organization of cortical regions linked to the human VS using within-individual functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in intensively scanned participants. In two initial participants (scanned 31 sessions each), seed regions in the VS were preferentially correlated with distributed cortical regions that are part of the salience network. The VS seed regions recapitulated salience network topography and replicated in each individual, including anterior and posterior midline regions, anterior insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The topography was distinct from adjacent striatal seed regions and from cortical networks associated with domain-flexible cognitive control. Unbiased comprehensive analyses of the full striatum confirmed that the VS is coupled to the salience network while also revealing the established, spatially separated cognitive zones of the caudate and motor zones of the putamen. VS correlation with the salience network, including DLPFC, was observed in 15 additional participants (scanned 8 or more times each), indicating it is a robust and generalizable finding. These results suggest that the VS contributes to a cortico-basal ganglia loop that is part of the salience network and raise the possibility that the DLPFC may be an effective neuromodulatory target for neuropsychiatric disorders of reward and motivation because of its preferential coupling to the VS.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Individualized precision neuroimaging reveals the ventral striatum (VS) is preferentially correlated with the salience network, including a region in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that is adjacent to regions associated with cognitive control. These results raise the possibility that DLPFC is an effective neuromodulatory target for depression due to preferential coupling with the VS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"193-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A paradigm to study the learning of muscle activity patterns outside of the natural repertoire.","authors":"Ali Ghavampour, Marco Emanuele, Shuja R Sayyid, Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry, Jonathan A Michaels, J Andrew Pruszynski, Jörn Diedrichsen","doi":"10.1152/jn.00088.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00088.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acquisition of novel muscle activity patterns is a key aspect of motor skill learning, which can be seen, for example, when beginner musicians learn new guitar or piano chords. To study this process, we introduce here a new paradigm that requires learning new patterns of flexion and extension of multiple fingers. First, participants practiced all the 242 possible combinations of isometric finger flexion and extension around the metacarpophalangeal joint (i.e., chords). We found that some chords were initially extremely challenging, but with practice, participants could eventually achieve them quickly and synchronously, showing that the initial difficulty did not reflect hard biomechanical constraints imposed by the interaction of tendons and ligaments. In a second experiment, we found that chord learning was largely chord-specific and did not generalize to untrained chords. Finally, we explored which factors made it difficult to produce some chords quickly and synchronously. Both variables were well predicted by the muscle activity pattern required by the chord. Specifically, chords that required muscle activity patterns that were smaller and more similar to muscle activity patterns required by everyday hand use could be produced more synchronously. Together, our results suggest that our new paradigm provides a valuable tool to study the neural processes underlying the acquisition of novel muscle activity patterns in the human motor system.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> In this study, we introduce a paradigm to study the learning of novel muscle activation patterns that deviate from those we are used to producing in everyday activities. Participants learned to produce different combinations of concurrent flexion and extension of 1-5 fingers of the right hand. We found that the ability to produce muscle activation patterns quickly and synchronously depended on how far they were from everyday hand activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"347-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisomycin selectively inhibits orientation tuning shifts in mouse visual cortex.","authors":"Ekta Jain, Rudy Lussiez, Oliver Flouty, Vishal Bharmauria, Stéphane Molotchnikoff","doi":"10.1152/jn.00151.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00151.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural plasticity-the ability of nervous system to adapt its structure, function, or connections in response to stimuli-can be induced in adulthood through specific protocols, such as visual adaptation, referring to the imposition of a preferred/nonpreferred stimulus to a neuron(s) under investigation. Neuronal orientation selectivity-the preference for specific stimulus orientations-is fundamental to visual cortex organization across species and can be modified using adaptation or pharmacological protocols. Structural, molecular, and physiological properties of neurons, including activity-dependent protein synthesis, play a pivotal role during adaptation. In this study, we investigated the effect of anisomycin, an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with peptidyl transferase activity in eukaryotic ribosomes, on neuroplastic changes in the mouse visual cortex. We first confirm that adaptation induces shifts in orientation tuning; however, anisomycin prevents these adaptation-induced shifts. Thus, as expected, anisomycin altered the relationship between orientation selectivity and amplitude of shifts, reflecting a stabilization of preferred orientation rather than a biological decoupling of these features. This suggests that protein synthesis is necessary for the OSI-dependent modulation of tuning properties, not merely for preventing tuning shifts. Overall, our findings demonstrate that anisomycin obstructs cortical neuroplasticity, suggesting its potential for suppressing unwanted plasticity in therapeutic applications.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We demonstrate that anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, blocks adaptation-induced shifts in neuronal orientation tuning in the mouse visual cortex. Although adaptation typically reshapes orientation selectivity, anisomycin disrupts this process and alters the relationship between selectivity and shift amplitude. These findings suggest that anisomycin interferes with neural signal transmission and cortical plasticity. Our results highlight anisomycin's potential to suppress maladaptive plasticity, offering insights into mechanisms of experience-dependent cortical reorganization and possible therapeutics for aberrant plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"372-381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divisive attenuation based on noisy sensorimotor predictions accounts for excess variability in self-touch.","authors":"Nicola Valè, Ivan Tomić, Zahara Gironés, Daniel M Wolpert, Konstantina Kilteni, Paul M Bays","doi":"10.1152/jn.00055.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/jn.00055.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When one part of the body exerts force on another part, the resulting tactile sensation is perceived as weaker than when the same force is applied by an external agent. This phenomenon has been studied using a force matching task, in which observers were first exposed to an external force on a passive finger and then instructed to reproduce the sensation by directly pressing on the passive finger with a finger of the other hand: healthy participants consistently exceeded the original force level. However, this exaggeration of the target force was not observed if the observer generated the matching force indirectly, by adjusting a joystick or slider that controlled the force output of a motor. Here, we present the first detailed computational account of the processes leading to the exaggeration of target forces in the force-matching task, incorporating attenuation of sensory signals based on motor predictions. The model elucidates previously unappreciated contributions of multiple sources of noise, including memory noise, in determining matching force output, and it shows that quantifying attenuation as the discrepancy between direct and indirect self-generated forces isolates its predictive component. Our computational account makes the prediction that attenuated sensations will display greater trial-to-trial variability than unattenuated ones because they incorporate additional noise from motor prediction. Quantitative model fitting of new and existing force-matching data confirmed the prediction of excess variability in self-generated forces and provided evidence for a divisive rather than subtractive mechanism of attenuation, while highlighting its predictive nature.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We formulate a detailed computational account of sensory attenuation in force-matching tasks that disambiguates contributions of perceptual, memory, and prediction noise to isolate a pure measure of attenuation strength. Analysis of data from nearly 500 participants shows that attenuated sensations display increased trial-to-trial variability, consistent with incorporating additional noise inherent to motor prediction. These results support a divisive, rather than subtractive, reduction in the sensation of self-generated forces based on predicted reafference.</p>","PeriodicalId":16563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"407-428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}