Journal of microscopy最新文献

{"title":"Correlative optical, electron, and electrochemical microscopy assessment of localised sulphide reactivity in concrete aggregates","authors":"Joshua O. Atiba,&nbsp;Karl Peterson,&nbsp;Ibrahim G. Ogunsanya","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Iron-sulphide-bearing aggregates can compromise concrete durability when reactive sulphide phases, particularly pyrrhotite (Fe_1–<i>_x</i>S), oxidise and contribute to internal sulphate attack, cracking, and premature deterioration. Existing aggregate assessment methods, including bulk sulphur measurements, petrographic examination, oxygen consumption test, and accelerated mortar bar test, provide useful screening information but do not directly resolve phase-specific sulphide reactivity at the microscale. This study applies a correlative optical, electron, and electrochemical microscopy (OEEM) framework to evaluate pyrite–pyrrhotite reactivity in aggregate from the Trois-Rivières, Canada. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and supervised phase classification were first used to identify pyrrhotite, pyrite (FeS₂), pentlandite ((Fe-Ni)<i>_x</i>S<i>_x</i>), and silicate regions within polished aggregate sample cross-sections. AC-SECM was then used for mapping localised oxygen-consumption by monitoring the probe response above selected sulphide-bearing regions in aerated aqueous solution with and without chloride. In the absence of chloride, the pyrrhotite area exhibited lower probe-tip current and higher impedance than pyrite area, indicating stronger local oxygen depletion on pyrrhotite due to its greater electrochemical reactivity. After chloride exposure, the electrochemical contrast between pyrite and pyrrhotite was reduced, suggesting surface modification of these sulphide phases through dissolution and partial formation of hydrated iron oxyhydroxide products. These results demonstrate that AC-SECM, when correlated with SEM and EDS-based mineral identification, can provide spatially resolved insight into sulphide reactivity that is not accessible through bulk testing alone. The proposed OEEM framework offers a complementary microscale screening pathway that supports future standardisation of phase-specific reactivity assessment for sulphide-bearing concrete aggregates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"304 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC - Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and discussion of Leon Brillouin's 1922 paper titled: Diffusion of light and X-rays by a transparent homogeneous body: Influence of thermal agitation.","authors":"Pierre Bouvet, Kareem Elsayad","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1922, Léon Brillouin introduced the idea of light scattering from thermal fluctuations, in a paper titled: 'Diffusion de la lumière et des rayons X par un corps transparent et homogéne, influence de l'agitation thermique'. Brillouin's mathematical treatment elegantly unifies principles from thermodynamics, optics and electromagnetic theory (as they were understood at the time) to arrive at a set of equations describing the scattering process, in a form that is still in use today. The effect he describes became known as Brillouin scattering, and was experimentally verified in 1930. It would go on to become the underlying principle of novel sensing and lasing technologies, as well as more recently also Brillouin microscopy. Despite the elegant derivation presented by Brillouin, and its scientific significance, the original French manuscript is rarely studied by the scientific community. With English serving as the lingua franca of our time, doing so is understandably challenging for the broader research community. While the original manuscript presents coherent and well-founded theoretical derivations, following the thought process of the author, from a direct literal translation of the article can be somewhat challenging. The paper uses dated notations, some less common mathematical transformations, and in some cases seemingly unjustified physical simplifications. It also on occasion changes symbols for a quantity half way through, and there are several typographical errors that might confuse readers not intimately familiar with his line of argument. Here we provide an English translation of the original manuscript, with modernized notations and corrections, together with a supplementary text in which we discuss the derivation of each of the equations, along with the assumptions used in obtaining them. Our hope is that by providing the literal translation together with the accompanying discussion, we can transform this document from a blindly cited historical artefact to an accessible pedagogical tool that provides insight into the scientific development and discussions in the 1920's.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualising Physcomitrium patens protoplasts with full-rotation soft X-ray tomography.","authors":"Fariha Mahzabin Annesha, Sadia S Tamanna, Katharina Grasser, Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele, Venera Weinhardt","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft X-ray tomography (SXT) is a label-free, high-resolution imaging modality that is optimal for 3D visualisation of whole hydrated cells. Although SXT has been extensively used to study remodelling in more than 130 mammalian cell lines, its application to plants remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present the first approach at full-rotation SXT imaging of spreading earthmoss P. patens, which is a key model organism for studying plant cell architecture and developmental processes. We show that high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of fully hydrated P. patens protoplasts enable visualisation of organelle morphology and distribution. These proof-of-concept results demonstrate the potential of SXT to capture ultrastructural changes in plant cells, depending on developmental cues, stress responses, and genotype-dependent variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended depth-of-field reflected-light microscopy with a low-cost robotic microscope and Fiji focus stacking: Workflow integration and baseline evaluation","authors":"Juan M. Ballesteros,&nbsp;Carlos M. Garzón","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optical reflected-light microscopy is widely used in mechanical and tribological testing laboratories, but its limited depth of field (DOF) restricts imaging of non-planar post-test surfaces when high-NA objectives are needed to resolve fine features. Here we present a low-cost robotic microscopy system (bill of materials around USD 300) that extends depth of field through controlled axial scanning and computational focus stacking. Built on the OpenFlexure platform and using open-source software tools, the system captures <i>z</i>-stacks and reconstructs all-in-focus micrographs in Fiji (ImageJ distribution) using extended-depth-of-field (EDOF) fusion engines. The workflow is demonstrated on mechanically tested surfaces (scratches and indentations), providing all-in-focus visualisation of features such as scratch lips, pile-up, indentation boundaries and microcracks on reflective textured surfaces, with Scanning Electron Microscopy used for cross-checking of feature detectability. Baseline characterisation includes operational DOF and resolving-power measurements, a geometric-distortion assessment using a micrometric grid target, and a time-cost analysis of stack acquisition. Comparative evaluation of three widely used fusion methods (Sobel, variance and complex wavelets) using image-quality metrics and visual inspection indicates that complex-wavelet fusion yields sharper reconstructions and improved edge preservation relative to Sobel and variance, at the expense of higher computation time. Finally, we summarise practical constraints and observed failure modes under representative conditions, providing baseline guidance for routine use, including deployment close to mechanical test stations.</p><p><b>LAY DESCRIPTION</b>: Low-cost reflected-light microscopy has shallow depth of field when high-NA objectives image rough surfaces. We demonstrate a fully open (∼USD 300) OpenFlexure-based robotic microscope with an end-to-end Fiji focus-stacking workflow that produces all-in-focus micrographs of scratches and indentations, cross-checked against SEM. Baseline characterisation covers DOF, resolving power, geometric distortion, and acquisition-time effects. Complex-wavelet fusion outperforms Sobel and variance in sharpness at higher computation time. Practical constraints are identified for post-test failure analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"304 1","pages":"24-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘In silico labelling’: Exploring the biological landscape at the nanoscale using intelligent multimodal optical microscopy","authors":"A. Diaspro,&nbsp;P. Bianchini,&nbsp;R. Bizzarri,&nbsp;F. Cella Zanacchi,&nbsp;S. Civita,&nbsp;N. Incardona,&nbsp;L. Lanzanò,&nbsp;A. Morgantini,&nbsp;M. Salerno,&nbsp;L. Touijer","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multimodal optical microscopy has recently converged with artificial intelligence (AI) to enable in silico labelling—the computational prediction of fluorescence-like molecular contrast from label-free measurements. Fluorescence plays a crucial role in linking microscopy and spectroscopy at molecular level, enabling image formation by means of linear and non-linear investigation modalities. Over the past two decades, fluorescence optical microscopy has progressed into optical nanoscopy and single molecule localisation methods that operate at the nano- and even Ångstrom level under ambient conditions. Methods such as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), Photo-Activated Localisation (PALM), Stochastic Optical Reconstruction (STORM), super-resolution fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and image scanning microscopy (ISM), Minimal Fluorescence photon Flux (MINFLUX) microscopy allows us to investigate living cells at the molecular level. A significant and challenging development in this field is the coupling of fluorescence with label-free polarisation and phase optical methods—for example, Mueller-matrix (MM) microscopy—with the aim of extracting specific molecular information from label-free datasets. In this review, we discuss how this convergence, together with modern generative modelling for in silico labelling, is turning the optical microscope into an intelligent instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"304 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared confocal imaging reveals the spatial organisation of far-red photosynthesis in Shark Bay microbial mats and Halomicronema sp.","authors":"Anya Salih, Katherina Petrou, Michael Johnson, Alexander M Macmillan, Gareth Kindler, Brendan P Burns, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Anthony W D Larkum","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Far-red light (FRL) cyanobacteria occupy spectrally filtered habitats where visible wavelengths are depleted but far-red radiation persists. Shark Bay (Western Australia) stromatolitic microbial mats provide such a habitat, containing subsurface cyanobacterial communities in which chlorophyll d/f (Chl d/f)-containing phototrophs coexist with filamentous Halomicronema-like taxa adapted to far-red photosynthesis. In this Journal of Microscopy issue honouring Associate Professor Guy C. Cox, we used FRL-sensitive confocal imaging to visualise far-red cyanobacteria in intact Shark Bay mat samples, and combined microspectroscopy, lifetime microscopy, HPLC pigment analysis and synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy to examine pigment organisation and FRL acclimation in cultured Halomicronema sp. 'Clifton'. Confocal imaging with near-infrared-sensitive detection revealed abundant far-red fluorescent cyanobacteria within subsurface mat layers and enabled direct visualisation of Chl d/f-containing phototrophs in situ. In cultured Halomicronema, HPLC confirmed that Chl f accumulation was induced by FRL acclimation and absent under white light, validating assignment of the dominant 730-745 nm emission in FRL-grown cells to Chl f-enriched photosystems. Intracellular excitation-emission mapping showed that FRL acclimation did not produce complete pigment segregation, but generated a pronounced intracellular pigment gradient, with Chl f-associated fluorescence enriched in mid-cell regions and phycobiliprotein- and chlorophyll a (Chl a)-associated fluorescence enriched at cell poles. FLIM and phasor analyses showed that this spatial reorganisation was accompanied by altered excited-state behaviour, including strongest lifetime shortening in Chl a-associated channel, additional shortening in the far-red chlorophyll-enriched channel and increased heterogeneity of PC/APC-associated fluorescence. The absence of a distinct Chl f-only lifetime population indicates that Chl f remains functionally integrated within coupled photosynthetic complexes rather than acting as an isolated fluorescent sink. By linking optical stratification and far-red cyanobacterial diversity within Shark Bay microbial mats to pigment organisation and fluorescence dynamics in living Halomicronema cells, this study extends Guy Cox's microscopy-based exploration of photosynthetic microorganisms and demonstrates the power of modern spectral confocal microscopy for investigating photosynthesis at the far-red edge of oxygenic life.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered probiotic biointerfaces: Construction principles, microscopic characterisation and biomedical functions.","authors":"Jiaming Tang, Mengqi Bai, Judith Zubia-Aranburu, Feiyi Zhang, Qian Zhang, Qi Tan, Zengkai Wang, Mingdong Dong, Lei Liu","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Engineered probiotic biointerfaces are the dynamic boundaries through which modified bacteria interact with their biological surroundings. They can improve bacterial survival, mucosal retention and therapeutic delivery, but the structural basis of these effects is often unclear. This review groups biointerfaces by their dominant role: barrier protection, recognition, responsiveness, interaction and renewal by living cells. We compare microscopy methods for measuring coating continuity, ligand organisation, surface mechanics and changes during growth or biological transport. We also explain how artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis can convert bacterial images into reproducible single-cell measurements, using published workflows as practical examples. These methods can help connect interfacial changes with mucosal protection, immune regulation, targeted delivery and antibiofilm activity. Coating continuity, ligand organisation and mechanics are parameters associated with performance; their causal contributions remain to be established. We therefore propose combining measurements over time with matched functional assays and controlled changes to individual interface parameters. This approach can test structure-property-function relationships and guide the design of reproducible living therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommended conditions for low kV 'sweet spot' imaging of battery materials.","authors":"Ria L Mitchell, Rumana Khan, Laura Wheatcroft, Ken Png, Yulia Trenikhina","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characterisation of battery raw materials is imperative to understand the constituents that will eventually become manufactured cells, lately intensified because of the continuously evolving developments of new battery chemistries, formulations, and blends. Microscopy, also developing at a fast pace, offers an opportunity to characterise these materials, due to continuous advancements in optics, detectors, and resolution. When imaging battery raw materials, finding the optimal imaging conditions for multi-material samples is challenging; batteries are composed of hard (metallic foils, cathode and anode particles) and soft (carbon-based binder polymer) materials, as well as others, of differing chemical compositions, densities, and electron beam sensitivities. Therefore, inconsistent microscopic set ups are often required. A method to overcome these challenges is the 'sweet spot' imaging approach in a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Sweet spot imaging refers to the recommended conditions required to image different materials within the tested parameter space, by adjusting parameters such as the accelerating voltage (kV), the sample working distance, and the detector used. Here it is shown how adjusting these parameters optimises imaging conditions in a series of battery cathode foils, highlighting improvements in imaging particle surface features, foil structure, and binder properties, specifically at low kV and using the Inlens SE detector. Application of this approach leads to more successful segmentations for both academic and industrial research and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A validated deep learning workflow for 3D quantification of amyloid plaques in cleared mouse brain.","authors":"Veronika Valova, Louise Cole, Neftali Flores Rodriguez, Filip Braet, Daniel M Johnstone, Richard Harwood","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate quantification of amyloid plaque pathology is essential for understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Yet, conventional histology relies on sampling thin tissue sections and therefore incompletely captures three-dimensional (3D) plaque distributions, introducing bias and limiting scalability. Here, we present a validated and scalable 3D analysis pipeline for whole-brain quantification of amyloid plaques in cleared mouse brain tissue imaged by light-sheet microscopy. This pipeline also integrates deep learning-based segmentation with atlas registration to enable automated, region-specific quantification across intact brain volumes. Quantitative measurements obtained using this approach showed strong agreement with gold-standard stereology, while enabling higher throughput and comprehensive volumetric assessment of amyloid plaque burden. As a demonstration of its utility in a preclinical setting, we applied the pipeline to assess the neuroprotective effects of chronic saffron supplementation in APP/PS1 mice, identifying a significant reduction in hippocampal plaque load (p < 0.01). Together, these findings establish an accessible and validated framework for scalable 3D quantification of amyloid pathology, providing a platform for neuropathological phenotyping and therapeutic evaluation in preclinical AD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}