Journal of microbiology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Reframing Antimicrobial Peptides beyond Direct Antimicrobial Activity toward Host-Directed Functions and Disease-Specific Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Minho Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06034","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively investigated as alternatives to conventional antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. This narrow antibiotic-replacement framework underestimates the biological and translational potential of AMPs. The present review reframes them as disease-context-dependent therapeutic platforms rather than universal antibiotic substitutes. In particular, this review critically examines their microbiological basis, mechanisms of action, emerging applications, engineering strategies, formulation approaches, translational limitations, and criteria for translational development. AMPs exert diverse activities at the host-microbe interface. These effects include direct antimicrobial activity, membrane perturbation, intracellular targeting, antibiofilm effects, endotoxin neutralization, immunomodulation, and tissue repair. Hence, these multifunctional properties support their potential as therapeutic candidates for chronic wounds, biofilm-associated infections, device-related infections, mucosal and respiratory disorders, and inflammation-associated disorders. Furthermore, recent advances in peptide engineering, artificial intelligence-guided design, and delivery technologies, including nanocarriers, hydrogels, and surface immobilization, have expanded the design space and translational opportunities for AMPs. Major translational barriers remain, including cytotoxicity, hemolysis, proteolytic instability, resistance selection and cross-resistance, limited pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization, manufacturing costs, scale-up challenges, and uncertain clinical positioning. Overall, AMPs should be developed through a translational decision matrix that integrates mechanism, microbial susceptibility, host response, formulation, safety, and disease-relevant efficacy rather than through antimicrobial potency ranking alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Resistant Maltodextrin Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Association with Modulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Muscle Axis in Aged Mice.","authors":"Yohan Nam, Hwanju Hwang, Daehyeon Lim, Eunseo Cho, Kiyoung Kim, Soonok Sa, Jung-Sook Han, Wonyong Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06037","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) is a water-soluble dietary fiber with prebiotic properties. This study investigated the effects of RMD on skeletal muscle atrophy and associated molecular and microbial changes in eighteen-month-old mice fed a standard chow diet (SCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. RMD supplementation improved muscle strength, endurance, and muscle mass under both dietary conditions. In HFD-fed mice, RMD also reduced fat accumulation and adipocyte size. Gut microbiota analysis showed distinct responses to RMD according to dietary condition, including enrichment of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Alloprevotella</i> under SCD and <i>Allobaculum</i> and <i>Akkermansia</i> under HFD. RMD also increased fecal SCFA levels under HFD conditions and was associated with increased expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-related and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that RMD attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy in aged mice in association with changes in gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, and muscle-related gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Single-cell Proteins as Ingredients: Functions, Challenges, and Regulatory Frameworks.","authors":"Sehyeon Park, Taeyeon Kim, Soyeon Lee, Pil Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06024","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-cell proteins (SCPs) broadly comprise microbial biomass or biomass-derived proteinaceous products produced from bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, or microalgae. In the broader field of cell-derived alternative proteins, animal- and plant-cell-derived platforms are also being explored because they can reproduce the structural, compositional, and sensory equality of conventional food materials. In contrast, microbial SCPs are distinguished by diverse cellular structures, metabolites, cell-wall components, and bioactive fractions that may confer functionality beyond nutritional supplementation. This review summarizes recent progress in SCP-related platforms by first contrasting animal- and plant-cell-derived proteins with microbial SCPs, and then focusing on bacterial, yeast, filamentous fungal, and algal SCPs. Recent animal, human, and cell-based studies indicate that microbial SCPs and related microbial biomasses may modulate the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, immune and oxidative-stress responses, lipid metabolism, muscle protein synthesis, disease resistance, and product-quality traits. Nevertheless, microbial SCP development remains constrained by microbial-group-specific safety and processing issues, including nucleic acid reduction, toxin and contaminant control, and cell-wall-associated digestibility. Finally, this review summarizes regulatory frameworks for SCPs in the United States and the European Union, where commercialization remains product-specific rather than governed by a harmonized SCP category. Overall, SCPs represent promising but heterogeneous food and feed platforms that require integrated evaluation of nutritional value, functionality, safety, processing, and regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Wilac D001 (<i>Weissella confusa</i> WIKIM51) Supplementation on Metabolic Parameters and Central Adiposity in Overweight Adults: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sangmin Park, Byungwook Lee, Hwayeon Sun, Wangyoon Shin, Ji-Ye Mok, Jeonghyun Seo, Hak-Jong Choi, Ga Hee Choi, Ju Yeon Son, Byungwook Yoo","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06054","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research has emphasized the importance of gut microbiota in regulating energy and lipid metabolism as well as gut hormone secretion, indicating that probiotics could contribute to improving metabolic parameters associated with excess adiposity. This study evaluated the metabolic effects of <i>Weissella confusa</i> WIKIM51 (Wilac D001) and explored the potential involvement of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-related mechanisms. First, GLP-1 secretory activity following Wilac D001 treatment was evaluated <i>in vitro</i> using STC-1 enteroendocrine cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation, and Wilac D001 was orally administered for 10 weeks. Glucose tolerance was subsequently examined using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Finally, in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, overweight adults aged 19-64 years received either Wilac D001 (1.0 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units/day) or a placebo. Blood lipid parameters, glycated hemoglobin, abdominal fat distribution, body composition, body weight, regional anthropometric measures, and lifestyle factors were evaluated. Wilac D001 significantly increased GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells versus the control (<i>p</i> < 0.01). High-fat diet-fed mice administered Wilac D001 exhibited lower fasting blood glucose levels and more rapid glucose recovery during the OGTT (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In the clinical trial, Wilac D001 supplementation led to reductions in several markers, including a significant reduction in triglyceride levels, alongside improvements in total abdominal fat area, visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area. No serious adverse events were reported. These findings support the potential of Wilac D001 as a functional probiotic for promoting microbiome-based metabolic health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Outer Membrane Vesicles of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutics.","authors":"Shuaiyuan Liang, Nan Gao, Fan Fei, Xiaoqin Jin, Jiaxin Liu, Xiuwei Zhang, Xingran Du","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05019","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) causes a variety of illnesses and has become a major challenge in clinical settings. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have attracted extensive research interest in recent years and are considered a promising platform for managing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the complex mechanisms and possible targets that underlie the interactions between pathogens and OMVs. In this review, we summarize the key components of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> OMVs (PA-OMVs), elucidate their pathogenicity mechanisms, and discuss their potential therapeutic targets. Finally, we provide an overview of recent advances in PA-OMV research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2605019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Gut Microbiome-Circadian Axis in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases.","authors":"Hyejin Choi, Sangnam Oh, Younghoon Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2607.07032","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2607.07032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have emerged as key mediators of intercellular and interkingdom communication. These nanoscales, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles are secreted by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and carry diverse bioactive cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Through the delivery of these molecules, BEVs regulate host physiology by modulating immune responses, epithelial barrier integrity, and gut microbial community composition. Accumulating evidence indicates that BEVs derived from probiotics or commensal bacteria promote gut homeostasis, whereas vesicles released by pathogenic bacteria exacerbate dysbiosis, inflammation, and disease progression. The gut microbiome plays a central role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis, and its disruption contributes to the development of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. In parallel, circadian rhythms orchestrate host metabolism, immunity, and microbial interactions, and emerging evidence highlights a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and the circadian clock. Disruption of this microbiome-circadian axis further exacerbates inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. This review integrates current knowledge of the structural and functional characteristics of BEVs, their roles in regulating the gut microbiome, and their emerging involvement in circadian biology. We further discuss how BEVs may mediate communication within the gut microbiome-circadian axis and contribute to the pathogenesis or resolution of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Understanding the BEV-gut microbiome-circadian axis provides new mechanistic insights into host-microbe communication and highlights BEVs as promising postbiotic candidates for restoring immune-metabolic homeostasis and developing next-generation microbiome-targeted therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2607032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148969426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-State Fermentation Drives L-Carnitine Accumulation and Isoflavone Bioconversion with Functional Enhancement in Soybean.","authors":"Tri Nhut Pham, Hayeong Kim, Ghahyun Jeffrey Kim, Soyoung Park, Taeyoung Um, Soochul Park, Doman Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06042","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is widely used to enhance the functional properties of plant-based substrates. In this study, soybean powder was used as a substrate for SSF with <i>Rhizopus oligosporus</i> for up to 20 days. SSF altered the physical properties of soybean, increasing its water-holding capacity by 1.4-fold, water-swelling capacity by 1.64-fold, oil-absorption capacity by 1.55-fold, and cholesterol-binding capacity by 1.49-fold at pH 2.0. Biochemical characterization of fermented soybean showed a 3.13-fold higher TPC, a 3.84-fold higher TFC, and a 2.52-fold higher TSC. L-carnitine content in soybean rose from 0.66 ± 0.15 mg/kg DM to 161.21 ± 3.78 mg/kg DM, representing a 244.26-fold increase over nonfermented soybean. Additionally, the isoflavone glucosides daidzin, genistin, and glycitin progressively decreased during fermentation and became undetectable by days 15-20, whereas their corresponding aglycones exhibited compound-specific and time-dependent changes. Daidzein rose from 37.26 ± 19.16 μmol/kg DM to 691.06 ± 36.98 μmol/kg DM after 15 days. Genistein, initially undetectable, reached 1212.44 ± 43.32 μmol/kg DM after 10 days. Meanwhile, glycitein increased from an initial 82.96 ± 2.48 μmol/kg DM to 238.70 ± 4.91 μmol/kg DM. The soybean's antioxidant activity, measured by ORAC, FRAP, and ABTS assays, increased by 1.93-, 2.93-, and 1.5-fold, respectively. Its inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and mushroom tyrosinase improved by 2.31- and 1.5-fold, respectively. These results indicate that fermented soybean has potential as a functional ingredient in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Dechloromonas parva</i> sp. nov., a Member of the Family <i>Azonexaceae</i>.","authors":"Min-Gyung Baek, Ji-Hyeon Son, Hana Yi, Sangcheol Park","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2602.02044","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2602.02044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A <i>Dechloromonas</i>-like bacterial strain, designated HYN0024^T, was isolated from lake water, and its taxonomic status was characterized in this study. Although the bacterium was isolated from an aerobic water sample, its cells were facultative anaerobes utilizing Fe(III) and oxygen as terminal electron acceptors. Phylogenetic analysis based on both genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HYN0024^T belongs to the family <i>Azonexaceae</i> and forms a monophyletic clade with the type strains of <i>Ferribacterium limneticum</i>, <i>Quatrionicoccus australiensis</i>, and '<i>Dechloromonas aromatica</i>'. However, the type strains of the genera <i>Ferribacterium</i> and <i>Quatrionicoccus</i> are currently unavailable from any public culture collections. Among the available type strains with validly published names, <i>Dechloromonas hortensis</i> shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.35%) with strain HYN0024^T, but their average nucleotide identity (80.13%) was below the threshold for species delineation. The biochemical and physiological features also supported the distinctiveness of the isolate from previously known species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, genomic relatedness, phylogenetic tree topology, and phenotypic characteristics supported the taxonomic independence of the isolate as a novel species in the genus <i>Dechloromonas</i>. Based on the phylogenetic and polyphasic taxonomic data presented in this study, we propose a novel species, <i>Dechloromonas parva</i> sp. nov., for strain HYN0024^T (= KACC 19179^T = NBRC 112737^T).</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2602044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oral Virome in Dental Caries: From Ecological Disruptors to Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"El-Sayed Khafagy, Gillan I El-Kimary, Ahmed Al Saqr, Wael A H Hegazy","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04028","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental caries results from ecological dysbiosis of oral biofilms driven by frequent sugar exposure, yet the role of viruses, particularly bacteriophages, in this process remains underexplored. This review synthesizes current evidence on how the oral virome contributes to caries pathogenesis and examines emerging phage-based therapeutic strategies. The oral cavity harbors diverse viral communities, including eukaryotic viruses (herpesviruses, papillomaviruses) and prokaryotic viruses (bacteriophages). While herpesviruses like EBV, CMV, and HSV-1 do not directly demineralize teeth, they may act as ecological stressors by modulating host immunity, altering gingival crevicular fluid composition, and promoting inflammation that favors cariogenic bacterial activity. Bacteriophages function as key ecological regulators through \"kill-the-winner\" dynamics, maintaining microbial diversity by preying on dominant species. However, temperate phages can horizontally transfer genes encoding acidogenicity, biofilm formation, or antibiotic resistance, potentially accelerating dysbiosis. Metagenomic studies reveal distinct salivary phage signatures associated with caries, suggesting diagnostic potential. Preclinical evidence demonstrates that lytic phages targeting Streptococcus mutans (<i>e.g.</i>, SMHBZ8, ΦAPCM01) disrupt biofilms in vitro and prevent caries in ex vivo and murine models. Phage-derived enzymes (endolysins, depolymerases) and peptides offer additional precision antimicrobials with minimal commensal disruption. Despite promising advances, significant translational gaps remain, including limited well-characterized phages, insufficient polymicrobial model testing, and absence of human clinical trials. Integrating virome ecology into caries management represents a paradigm shift from pathogencentric approaches toward ecosystem-based therapeutics, with phages offering targeted, self-replicating, and evolutionarily dynamic tools for restoring oral health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2604028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Production of Swine Influenza Virus Using Serum-Free Suspension MDCK Cells for Vaccine Manufacturing.","authors":"Seung Jin Koo, Yeon-Gu Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06029","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell culture-based manufacturing platforms, already well-established for human influenza vaccines, are increasingly being adopted in the veterinary field as a powerful alternative to traditional embryonated hen's eggs, providing improved scalability and safety. In this study, we established a serum-free suspension culture process using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells for the efficient production of swine influenza virus (SIV). To optimize SIV production, we investigated multiple customized serum-free media in shaking flask cultures and selected an optimal formulation that supported efficient viral production. When this optimized medium was applied to a bioreactor culture, it supported robust cell growth, achieving a maximum viable cell density of 3.8 × 10⁶ cells/mL prior to infection. Subsequent direct SIV infection experiments, conducted without media exchange in both shaking flask and bioreactor cultures, consistently yielded high and stable virus titers reaching a maximum log₂ titer of 8.0, thus confirming the excellent scalability and reproducibility of the process. Moreover, the test trivalent vaccine developed in this study using the bioreactor-produced SIV antigen triggered high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers and robust geometric mean titers (GMT) in animal models, thereby demonstrating superior immunogenicity to egg-based commercial vaccines. Taken together, these findings suggest that MDCK cell-based suspension culture platform may provide a scalable, high-yield, and reliable framework for the modern manufacturing of cell-based SIV vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}