Journal of Neuroscience Methods最新文献

{"title":"Direction of TIS envelope electric field: Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus","authors":"Weiyu Meng ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Changzhe Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Huo ,&nbsp;Guanghao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS) is a non-invasive approach to deep brain stimulation. However, most research has focused on the intensity of modulation, with limited attention given to the directional properties of the induced electric fields, despite their potential importance for precise stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>New methods</h3><div>A novel analytical framework was developed to analyze TIS-induced electric field directions using individual imaging data. For each voxel, the direction corresponding to the maximal modulation depth was calculated. The consistency of these directions within regions of interest (ROIs) and their alignment with the ROI principal axes, derived from principal component analysis (PCA), were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Simulations revealed complex spatial and temporal trajectories of the electric field at the voxel level. In the left putamen, the maximal modulation depth reached 0.241 ± 0.041 V/m, whereas in the target region, the left hippocampus, it was lower (0.15 ± 0.032 V/m). Notably, in the left hippocampus, the directions of maximal modulation depth were predominantly perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (84.547 ± 8.776°), reflecting structural specificity across its anterior, middle, and posterior regions.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>Unlike previous approaches, this study integrates directional analysis into TIS modeling, providing a foundation for precise stimulation by exploring structural alignment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our analysis revealed that the orientations of maximal modulation depth in the left hippocampus were perpendicular to its longitudinal axis under the current electrode configuration, but they shifted to parallel alignment when the electrode pairs were swapped. This directional specificity offers insights for optimizing TIS by aligning with structural features, presenting a potential strategy to enhance stimulation precision and broaden its clinical and research applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 110416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in managing pediatric epilepsy","authors":"Guangshun Hou,&nbsp;Yujie Guo,&nbsp;Chuanmei Chen,&nbsp;Xinghua Cui,&nbsp;Zaifen Gao,&nbsp;Fang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pediatric epilepsy significantly affects cognitive and developmental outcomes, with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) posing a major challenge. While pharmacological and surgical interventions remain standard treatments, they often fail in refractory cases. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS), including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>This study systematically reviews and compares the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of TMS and tDCS in pediatric epilepsy. The analysis evaluates seizure reduction, cognitive improvements, and treatment tolerability. A comparative assessment considers mechanisms of action, precision, accessibility, and clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TMS and tDCS treatments produce a 30–40 % seizure reduction effect in addition to attaining enhanced attention and memory functions. TMS provides top-level spatial precision but tDCS allows low-cost portable treatment that suits home use. Studies show that patients experience minimal and short-term discomfort on their scalp but only minor headaches as reported side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>Compared to pharmacological treatments, NIBS offers a non-invasive alternative with fewer systemic side effects. Unlike surgery, which requires invasive intervention, NIBS is safe, repeatable, and adaptable. However, cost (TMS), lack of standardization, and patient response variability remain challenges to clinical adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NIBS is a safe and effective alternative for pediatric epilepsy but requires protocol standardization, accessibility improvements, and long-term efficacy validation. Future research should focus on biomarker-driven personalized treatments, AI-optimized stimulation, and affordable device development for broader clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 110412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An immunohistochemical protocol for visualizing adrenergic receptor subtypes in the rhesus macaque hippocampus","authors":"Kelsey E. McDermott ,&nbsp;Carol A. Barnes","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The noradrenergic system is an important modulatory system in the brain, and dysfunction in this system is implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The study of this system in neuronal tissues relies on the availability of specific antibodies but to date no protocol exists for immunohistological visualization of α1, α2, and β adrenergic receptors in rhesus macaques.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>Here, we test the ability of various commercially available antibodies to detect these receptors in the primate brain and develop a protocol for visualization of receptors alongside noradrenergic axons and glial and vascular cells that interact with the noradrenergic system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the eleven primary antibodies for adrenergic receptors tested, five did not produce staining at any concentration. The remaining six antibodies underwent a preadsorption protocol to determine specificity of the antibody to its’ immunogen sequence. Two antibodies failed this test, indicating they were binding to other targets in the brain. We then determined optimum concentrations for the remaining four antibodies. Additionally, we develop an immunofluorescence protocol that allows for the visualization of each AR - α1, α2a, or β1 – along with adrenergic axons as well as with glia and vasculature.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>While protocols exist for visualizing receptors in rodents, this is the first protocol for use in nonhuman primates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Seven out of the eleven tested antibodies were inaccurate, highlighting the importance of comprehensive testing. The stringent tests conducted here suggest that some commercially available antibodies can reliably detect adrenergic receptor subtypes in nonhuman primate tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 110410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 3D Vertical Maze: A new model system for studying the interactions between social and spatial cognition","authors":"Taylor B. Wise ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Templer ,&nbsp;Rebecca D. Burwell","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evolutionary biology and neuroscience evidence supports the theory that spatial cognition and social cognition share neural mechanisms. Although rodent models are widely used to study either spatial or social cognition, few studies have explored the interactions between these domains, possibly because measures across tasks differ.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>We introduce the automated 3-dimensional Vertical Maze (VM), a new model system designed to measure multiple aspects of spatial and social behavior and cognition. The VM features a standard 3-chamber maze positioned above three-level columns allowing for presentation of conspecifics as either demonstrators or discriminative stimuli at different spatial distances and different social familiarity levels. The presentation of demonstrators below the perforated floors of the 3-chamber level encourages rats to use multisensory cues to judge distance, direction, and social identity of conspecifics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using the VM, we found that rats showed normal social preferences whether demonstrators were presented at the near, middle, or far distance. In an operant spatial distance discrimination task, rats readily learned to associate a reward with the spatial distance of a demonstrator.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>This new paradigm advances the field by permitting the presentation of social information (conspecifics) at different spatial distances allowing more direct comparison of behavioral measures across social and spatial information domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The VM is an effective tool for studying both spatial and social cognition opening new avenues for investigating the neural and cognitive foundations of spatial and social behavior and for exploring the possibility of shared mechanisms across these cognitive domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 110414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3D-printed modular implant for extracellular recordings","authors":"Dorian Röders ,&nbsp;Jesus J. Ballesteros ,&nbsp;Celil Semih Sevincik ,&nbsp;Sara Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Luca Bürgel ,&nbsp;Bilal Abbas ,&nbsp;Yannik Neukirch ,&nbsp;Roland Pusch ,&nbsp;Jonas Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic implants for neural data acquisition must meet several criteria that can be difficult to integrate. Surgical procedures should be as short as possible to reduce unnecessary stress and risks, yet implants must precisely fit to the location of interest and last long periods of time. Implants also must be lightweight but stable enough to withstand the subject’s daily life and experimental needs.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>Here we introduce a novel, 3D-printed and open-source modular implant. Our modular design philosophy allows altering parts of the implant either before implantation or later, during the course of experiments. The implant consists of a base individually designed, for instance using an MRI of the subject for an exact skull fit. This base remains permanently on the subject and can contain multiple sites for craniotomies, microdrives and head stage connectors. All movable components (drives with probes, connectors, reference/ground points) are securely screwed onto this base, allowing for replacement and recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After implantation of the bases, self-made microdrives carrying commercial silicon probes were implanted. Once the experimental goals were achieved, they were recovered for further use. Should the quality of the data decrease during the experimental period, the components were replaced, allowing for the experimentation to continue. On an exemplary free-moving subject, under wireless electrophysiological data collection, we reliably obtained single and multi unit data up to 86 days after a silicon probe implantation. In this specific case, after this time we successfully substituted the components and collected similar quality data for additional 11 days.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>Our approach allows to remove, reposition and exchange components during minimally invasive procedures, not requiring new incisions, bone drilling (unless new craniotomies are planned sequentially) or removal of dental cement or glue structures. Splitting complex implantations into multiple shorter procedures reduce the risks inherent to long surgical procedures. A careful plan of action allows to re-use and reduce subject's usage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This novel approach reduces the duration of surgical procedures. It allows for minimally invasive follow-up procedures, including component replacements between experiments. The design is stable, proven to yield good results, in a very long-term period. This approach increases the chance of successful long experimental paradigms, and help reducing the use of subjects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 110407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large animal model for focal stroke: Photothrombotic lesion in the cortex of Danish Landrace pigs","authors":"V.H. Kuang ,&nbsp;C.S. Skoven ,&nbsp;S. Arvin ,&nbsp;L.M. Fitting ,&nbsp;K.R. Drasbek ,&nbsp;B. Hansen ,&nbsp;D. Orlowski ,&nbsp;J.C.H. Sørensen","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preclinical rodent models have been crucial for studying stroke pathophysiology. However, the limited success of translating these ischemic stroke models to human trials highlights their shortcomings. To address this, we developed a large animal porcine stroke model using Rose Bengal (RB) for photothrombotic ischemic lesioning.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>Four Danish Landrace pigs (4–6 months old, 36–40 kg) were used in this proof-of-concept study. RB (20 mg/kg) was infused via a central venous catheter, and lesion sites in the motor and visual cortices were targeted using MRI, a stereotactic frame, and fiducial markers. Surgical access was achieved through burr holes, followed by green light exposure through the dura onto the neocortex for 30 mins. After recovery, the pigs underwent motor behavior assessment, euthanasia, and histological and MRI analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-stroke, significant motor deficits were observed. Three pigs were hemiparetic and immobile, while one showed reduced exploratory behavior (42 % post-stroke vs. 81 % pre-stroke) and peripheral sniffing (∼0 % vs. 9 %). Histological analysis revealed ischemic changes, including nuclear shrinkage, pyknosis, and infarct zones with blood clots. Lesion size ranged from 1 mm² to 18 mm². Ex vivo diffusion MRI showed increased mean kurtosis in three pigs, confirming microstructural changes.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods and conclusions</h3><div>The model produced behavioral and histological characteristics in pigs, which have gyrencephalic brains, large intracranial vessel diameters, and a high white-to-gray matter ratio, similar to those observed in other animals and traditional models. This model can produce a reproducible isolated cortical lesion using stereotactic coordinates and/or 3D imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"418 ","pages":"Article 110408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring temporal information dynamics in Spiking Neural Networks: Fast Temporal Efficient Training","authors":"Changjiang Han ,&nbsp;Li-Juan Liu ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Karimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><div>Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) hold significant potential in brain simulation and temporal data processing. While recent research has focused on developing neuron models and leveraging temporal dynamics to enhance performance, there is a lack of explicit studies on neuromorphic datasets. This research aims to address this question by exploring temporal information dynamics in SNNs.</div></div><div><h3>New Method:</h3><div>To quantify the dynamics of temporal information during training, this study measures the Fisher information in SNNs trained on neuromorphic datasets. The information centroid is calculated to analyze the influence of key factors, such as the parameter <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>, on temporal information dynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>Experimental results reveal that the information centroid exhibits two distinct behaviors: stability and fluctuation. This study terms this phenomenon the Stable Information Centroid (SIC), which is closely related to the parameter <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>. Based on these findings, we propose the Fast Temporal Efficient Training (FTET) algorithm.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with Existing Methods:</h3><div>Firstly, the method proposed in this paper does not require the introduction of additional complex training techniques. Secondly, it can reduce the computational load by 30% in the final 50 epochs. However, the drawback is the issue of slow convergence during the early stages of training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><div>This study reveals that the learning processes of SNNs vary across different datasets, providing new insights into the mechanisms of human brain learning. A limitation is the restricted sample size, focusing only on a few datasets and image classification tasks. The code is available at <span><span>https://github.com/gtii123/fast-temporal-efficient-training</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 110401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally invasive electrocorticography (ECoG) recording in common marmosets","authors":"Silvia Spadacenta,&nbsp;Peter W. Dicke,&nbsp;Peter Thier","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a valuable compromise between spatial and temporal resolution for recording brain activity with excellent signal quality, crucial for presurgical epilepsy mapping and advancing neuroscience, including brain-machine interface development. ECoG is particularly effective in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), whose lissencephalic (unfolded) brain surface provides broad cortical access. One of the key advantages of ECoG recordings is the ability to study interactions between distant brain regions. Traditional methods rely on large electrode arrays, necessitating extensive trepanations and a trade-off between size and electrode spacing.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>This study introduces a refined ECoG technique for examining interactions among multiple cortical areas in marmosets, combining circumscribed trepanations with high-density electrode arrays at specific sites of interest.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>Standard ECoG techniques typically require large electrode arrays and extensive trepanation, which heighten surgical risks and the likelihood of infection, while potentially compromising spatial resolution. In contrast, our method facilitates detailed and stable recordings across multiple cortical areas with minimized invasiveness and reduced complication risks, all while preserving high spatial resolution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two adult marmosets underwent ECoG implantation in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. Postoperative monitoring confirmed rapid recovery, long-term health, and stable, high-quality neural recordings during various behavioral tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This refined ECoG method enhances the study of cortical interactions in marmosets while minimizing surgical invasiveness and complication risks. It offers potential for broader application in other species and opens new avenues for long-term data collection, ultimately advancing both neuroscience and brain-machine interface research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 110409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of focused ultrasound and dynamic imaging control system for targeted neuro-modulation","authors":"K.M. Karthick Raghunath ,&nbsp;Surbhi Bhatia Khan ,&nbsp;T.R. Mahesh ,&nbsp;Ahlam Almusharraf ,&nbsp;Rubal Jeet ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tabrez Quasim ,&nbsp;Azeem Irshad ,&nbsp;Fatima Asiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (tMS) have received widespread clinical use as techniques within a Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) domain, whose primary focus is modulation of neural activity to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite these advancements, precision targeting of deep brain structures remains a challenge faced with great need of another innovation that will improve precision and reduce the risks. A novel methodology integrating transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) with real-time functional imaging modalities, including functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Near-Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS), is proposed in this study as the Integrated Focused Ultrasound and Real-Time Imaging Control System (IFURTICS).</div></div><div><h3>Principle results</h3><div>Closed loop algorithms employed by IFURTICS allow it to dynamically vary stimulation parameters in response to real-time feedback on neural activity, allowing for accurate targeting of sensitive networks while minimizing deleterious collateral effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Clinical trials using standard datasets of fMRI and NIRS have proved that the approach improved targeting accuracy by ∼18 %, reduced off-target effects by ∼55 % and enhanced therapeutic outcomes by 50 % over current methods, suggesting its potential as a transformative approach to precision neuro-modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 110391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft neural interface with color adjusted PDMS encapsulation layer for spinal cord stimulation","authors":"Minjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Aiping Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongxue Gan ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) plays a crucial role in treating various neurological diseases. Utilizing soft spinal cord electrodes in SCS allows for a better fit with the physiological structure of the spinal cord and reduces tissue damage. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has emerged as an ideal material for soft bioelectronics. However, micromachining soft PDMS bioelectronics devices with low thermal effects and high uniformity remains challenging.</div></div><div><h3>New method</h3><div>Here, we demonstrated a fully laser-micromachined soft neural interface for SCS. The native and color adjusted PDMS with variable absorbance characteristics were investigated in laser processing. In addition, we systematically evaluated the impact of electrode sizes on the electrochemical performance of neural interface. By fitting the equivalent circuit model, the electrochemical process of neural interface was revealed and the performance of the electrode was evaluated. The biocompatibility of color adjusted PDMS was confirmed by cytotoxicity assays. Finally, we validated the neural interface in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Color adjusted PDMS has good biocompatibility and can significantly reduce the damage caused by thermal effects, enhancing the electrochemical performance of bioelectronic devices. The soft neural interface with color adjusted PDMS encapsulation layer can activate the motor function safely.</div></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><div>The fully laser-micromachined soft neural interface was proposed for the first time. Compared with existing methods, this method showed low thermal effects, high uniformity, and could be easily scaled up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The fully laser-micromachined soft neural interface device with color adjusted PDMS encapsulation layer shows great promise for applications in SCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"417 ","pages":"Article 110402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}