Journal of Neuroscience Methods最新文献

{"title":"Proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells on confined spaces","authors":"Ewelina Kalwarczyk ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Lukasiak ,&nbsp;Damian Woznica ,&nbsp;Weronika Switlik ,&nbsp;Julia Anchimowicz ,&nbsp;Piotr Zielonka ,&nbsp;Slawomir Jakiela","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><p>Microfluidics offers precise drug delivery and continuous monitoring of cell functions, which is crucial for studying the effects of toxins and drugs. Ensuring proper cell growth in these space-constrained systems is essential for obtaining consistent results comparable to standard Petri dishes.</p></div><div><h3>New method:</h3><p>We investigated the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells on circular polycarbonate chambers with varying surface areas. SH-SY5Y cells were chosen for their relevance in neurodegenerative disease research.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Our study demonstrates a correlation between the chamber surface area and SH-SY5Y cell growth rates. Cells cultured in chambers larger than 10 mm in diameter exhibited growth comparable to standard 60-mm dishes. In contrast, smaller chambers significantly impeded growth, even at identical seeding densities. Similar patterns were observed for HeLaGFP cells, while 16HBE14<span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span> cells proliferated efficiently regardless of chamber size. Additionally, SH-SY5Y cells were studied in a 12-mm diameter sealed chamber to assess growth under restricted gas exchange conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods:</h3><p>Our findings underscore the limitations of small chamber sizes in microfluidic systems for SH-SY5Y cells, an issue not typically addressed by conventional methods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>SH-SY5Y cell growth is highly sensitive to spatial constraints, with markedly reduced proliferation in chambers smaller than 10 mm. This highlights the need to carefully consider chamber size in microfluidic experiments to achieve cell growth rates comparable to standard culture dishes. The study also shows that while SH-SY5Y and HeLaGFP cells are affected by chamber size, 16HBE14<span><math><mi>σ</mi></math></span> cells are not. These insights are vital for designing effective microfluidic systems for bioengineering research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on “Cortical stimulation depth of nTMS investigated in a cohort of convexity meningiomas above the primary motor cortex”","authors":"Michele Lastilla ,&nbsp;Francesco Carbone","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global brain connectivity: Test-retest stability and association with biological and neurocognitive variables","authors":"Gianpaolo Del Mauro,&nbsp;Yiran Li,&nbsp;Ze Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Global brain connectivity (GBC) enables measuring brain regions’ functional connectivity strength at rest by computing the average correlation between each brain voxel’s time-series and that of all other voxels.</p></div><div><h3>New method</h3><p>We used resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data of young adult participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset to explore the test-retest stability of GBC, the brain regions with higher or lower GBC, as well as the associations of this measure with age, sex, and fluid intelligence. GBC was computed by considering separately the positive and negative correlation coefficients (positive GBC and negative GBC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Test-retest stability was higher for positive compared to negative GBC. Areas with higher GBC were located in the default mode network, insula, and visual areas, while regions with lower GBC were in subcortical regions, temporal cortex, and cerebellum. Higher age was related to global reduction of positive GBC. Males displayed higher positive GBC in the whole brain. Fluid intelligence was associated to increased positive GBC in fronto-parietal, occipital and temporal regions.</p></div><div><h3>Comparison with Existing Method</h3><p>Compared to previous works, this study adopted a larger sample size and tested GBC stability using data from different rs-fMRI sessions. Moreover, these associations were examined by testing positive and negative GBC separately.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Lower stability for negative compared to positive GBC suggests that negative correlations may reflect less stable couplings between brain regions. Our findings indicate a greater importance of positive compared to negative GBC for the associations of functional connectivity strength with biological and neurocognitive variables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple MATLAB toolbox for analyzing calcium imaging data in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Niraj S. Desai ,&nbsp;Chongbo Zhong ,&nbsp;Ronald Kim ,&nbsp;David A. Talmage ,&nbsp;Lorna W. Role","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fluorescence imaging of calcium dynamics in neuronal populations is powerful because it offers a way of relating the activity of individual cells to the broader population of nearby cells. The method’s growth across neuroscience has particularly been driven by the introduction of sophisticated mathematical techniques related to motion correction, image registration, cell detection, spike estimation, and population characterization. However, for many researchers, making good use of these techniques has been difficult because they have been devised by different workers and impose differing – and sometimes stringent – technical requirements on those who seek to use them.</p></div><div><h3>New method</h3><p>We have built a simple toolbox of analysis routines that encompass the complete workflow for analyzing calcium imaging data. The workflow begins with preprocessing of data, includes motion correction and longitudinal image registration, detects active cells using constrained non-negative matrix factorization, and offers multiple options for estimating spike times and characterizing population activity. The routines can be navigated through a simple graphical user interface. Although written in MATLAB, a standalone version for researchers who do not have access to MATLAB is included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We have used the toolbox on two very different preparations: spontaneously active brain slices and microendoscopic imaging from deep structures in awake behaving mice. In both cases, the toolbox offered a seamless flow from raw data all the way through to prepared graphs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The field of calcium imaging has benefited from the development of numerous innovative mathematical techniques. Here we offer a simple toolbox that allows ordinary researchers to fully exploit these techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502702400147X/pdfft?md5=e231459ee5572f886bb59641feb3f535&pid=1-s2.0-S016502702400147X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Twin Peaks” method of automated Spike-Wave detection: A two-step, two-criteria Matlab application","authors":"Ivaylo Borislavov Iotchev ,&nbsp;Dmitrii Andreevitch Perevozniuk ,&nbsp;Ivan Lazarenko ,&nbsp;Martin F.J. Perescis ,&nbsp;Evgenia Sitnikova ,&nbsp;Gilles van Luijtelaar","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are many automated spike-wave discharge detectors, but the known weaknesses of otherwise good methods and the varying working conditions of different research groups (mainly the access to hardware and software) invite further exploration into alternative approaches.</p></div><div><h3>New method</h3><p>The algorithm combines two criteria, one in the time-domain and one in the frequency-domain, exploiting morphological asymmetry and the presence of harmonics, respectively. The time-domain criterion is additionally adjusted by normal modelling between the first and second iterations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We report specificity, sensitivity and accuracy values for 20 recordings from 17 mature, male WAG/Rij rats. In addition, performance was preliminary tested with different hormones, pharmacological injections and species (mice) in a smaller sample. Accuracy and specificity were consistently above 91 %. The number of automatically detected spike-wave discharges was strongly correlated with the numbers derived from visual inspection. Sensitivity varied more strongly than specificity, but high values were observed in both rats and mice.</p></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><p>The algorithm avoids low-voltage movement artifacts, displays a lower false positive rate than many predecessors and appears to work across species, i.e. while designed initially with data from the WAG/Rij rat, the algorithm can pick up seizure activity in the mouse of considerably lower inter-spike frequency. Weaknesses of the proposed method include a lower sensitivity than several predecessors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The algorithm excels in being a selective and flexible (based on e.g. its performance across rats and mice) spike-wave discharge detector. Future work could attempt to increase the sensitivity of this approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165027024001444/pdfft?md5=e078fa8d42858a178ffedefee55425ce&pid=1-s2.0-S0165027024001444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced qEEG analyses discriminate between dementia subtypes","authors":"Masha Burelo ,&nbsp;Jack Bray ,&nbsp;Olga Gulka ,&nbsp;Michael Firbank ,&nbsp;John-Paul Taylor ,&nbsp;Bettina Platt","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Dementia is caused by neurodegenerative conditions and characterized by cognitive decline. Diagnostic accuracy for dementia subtypes, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s Disease with dementia (PDD), remains challenging.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Here, different methods of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) analyses were employed to assess their effectiveness in distinguishing dementia subtypes from healthy controls under eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Classic Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) and autoregressive (AR) power analyses differentiated between all conditions for the 4–8 Hz theta range. Only individuals with dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) differed from healthy subjects for the wider 4–15 Hz frequency range, encompassing the actual dominant frequency of all individuals. FFT results for this range yielded wider significant discriminators vs AR, also detecting differences between AD and DLB. Analyses of the inclusive dominant / peak frequency range (4–15 Hz) indicated slowing and reduced variability, also discriminating between synucleinopathies vs controls and AD. Dissociation of periodic oscillations and aperiodic components of AR spectra using Fitting-Oscillations-&amp;-One-Over-F (FOOOF) modelling delivered a reliable and subtype-specific slowing of brain oscillatory peaks during EC and EO for all groups. Distinct and robust differences were particularly strong for aperiodic parameters, suggesting their potential diagnostic power in detecting specific changes resulting from age and cognitive status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate that qEEG methods can reliably detect dementia subtypes. Spectral analyses comprising an integrated, multi-parameter EEG approach discriminating between periodic and aperiodic components under EC and EO conditions may enhance diagnostic accuracy in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-computer interfaces inspired spiking neural network model for depression stage identification","authors":"M. Angelin Ponrani ,&nbsp;Monika Anand ,&nbsp;Mahmood Alsaadi ,&nbsp;Ashit Kumar Dutta ,&nbsp;Roma Fayaz ,&nbsp;Sojomon Mathew ,&nbsp;Mousmi Ajay Chaurasia ,&nbsp;Sunila ,&nbsp;Manisha Bhende","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Depression is a global mental disorder, and traditional diagnostic methods mainly rely on scales and subjective evaluations by doctors, which cannot effectively identify symptoms and even carry the risk of misdiagnosis. Brain-Computer Interfaces inspired deep learning-assisted diagnosis based on physiological signals holds promise for improving traditional methods lacking physiological basis and leads next generation neuro-technologies. However, traditional deep learning methods rely on immense computational power and mostly involve end-to-end network learning. These learning methods also lack physiological interpretability, limiting their clinical application in assisted diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A brain-like learning model for diagnosing depression using electroencephalogram (EEG) is proposed. The study collects EEG data using 128-channel electrodes, producing a 128×128 brain adjacency matrix. Given the assumption of undirected connectivity, the upper half of the 128×128 matrix is chosen in order to minimise the input parameter size, producing 8,128-dimensional data. After eliminating 28 components derived from irrelevant or reference electrodes, a 90×90 matrix is produced, which can be used as an input for a single-channel brain-computer interface image.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>At the functional level, a spiking neural network is constructed to classify individuals with depression and healthy individuals, achieving an accuracy exceeding 97.5 %.</p></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><p>Compared to deep convolutional methods, the spiking method reduces energy consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>At the structural level, complex networks are utilized to establish spatial topology of brain connections and analyse their graph features, identifying potential abnormal brain functional connections in individuals with depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open cranium model for the study of cerebrovascular dynamics in intracranial hypertension","authors":"Rohan Jaishankar ,&nbsp;Daniel Teichmann ,&nbsp;Alison Hayward ,&nbsp;James W. Holsapple ,&nbsp;Thomas Heldt","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Significant research has been devoted to developing noninvasive approaches to neuromonitoring. Clinical validation of such approaches is often limited, with minimal data available in the clinically relevant elevated ICP range.</p></div><div><h3>New Method</h3><p>To allow ultrasound-guided placement of an intraventricular catheter and to perform simultaneous long-duration ICP and ultrasound recordings of cerebral blood flow, we developed a large unilateral craniectomy in a swine model. We also used a microprocessor-controlled actuator for intraventricular saline infusion to reliably and reversibly manipulate ICP according to pre-determined profiles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The model was reproducible, resulting in over 80 hours of high-fidelity, multi-parameter physiological waveform recordings in twelve animals, with ICP ranging from 2 to 78 mmHg. ICP elevations were reversible and reproducible according to two predetermined profiles: a stepwise elevation up to an ICP of 30–35 mmHg and return to normotension, and a clinically significant plateau wave. Finally, ICP was elevated to extreme levels of greater than 60 mmHg, simulating extreme clinical emergency.</p></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><p>Existing methods for ICP monitoring in large animals typically relied on burr-hole approaches for catheter placement. Accurate catheter placement can be difficult in pigs, given the thickness of their skull. Additionally, ultrasound is significantly attenuated by the skull. The open cranium model overcomes these limitations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The hemicraniectomy model allowed for verified placement of the intraventricular catheter, and reversible and reliable ICP manipulation over a wide range. The large dural window additionally allowed for long-duration recording of cerebral blood flow velocity from the middle cerebral artery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165027024001419/pdfft?md5=c54a13b2f85394db66f5d82d37021f3c&pid=1-s2.0-S0165027024001419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel three-dimensional injection guide for trigeminal ganglia","authors":"Zhouqiang Wu ,&nbsp;Yafen Zhu ,&nbsp;Lehan Xu ,&nbsp;Wenli Lai ,&nbsp;Xuepeng Chen ,&nbsp;Hu Long","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Trigeminal ganglion (TG) plays an important role in the process of orthodontic pain. It’s necessary to design an accurate, precise and minimally invasive trigeminal ganglion injection guide plate to study TG.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Micro-CT was used to obtain the Dicom format data, and three-dimensional (3D) software (mimics and magics23.03) was used to reconstruct 3D head models. Design and modifications of the TG injection guide plate were performed in Magic 23.03 software, and the guide plate was produced by a 3D stereolithography printer. X-ray, micro-CT, Evans blue, and virus transduction were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the guide-assisted injection. Pain levels were evaluated after using the injection guide by a bite force test and Von Frey test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>X-ray and micro-CT tests confirmed that the injection needle reached the bilateral trigeminal ganglia fossa. The Evans blue test and virus transduction proved that the injected drug could be accurately injected into the bilateral trigeminal ganglion and the lentivirus could be successfully transfected. The percentage of accurate injection was 10/10 (bilateral trigeminal ganglia). Orofacial pain induced by the trigeminal ganglion injection was mild and returned to baseline within seven days.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The injection guide described in this study is viable and reliable for the delivery of drugs and virus transduction into the trigeminal ganglia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of ependymal cilia from mouse brain","authors":"Akihiro Mizuno ,&nbsp;Kazuhito Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Yuichi Nagata ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Harada ,&nbsp;Taiki Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Takayuki Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Sachi Maeda ,&nbsp;Fumiharu Ohka ,&nbsp;Hironori Ueno ,&nbsp;Ryuta Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ependymal cilia play a major role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Although isolation of cilia is an essential technique for investigating ciliary structure, to the best of our knowledge, no report on the isolation and structural analysis of ependymal cilia from mouse brain is available.</p></div><div><h3>New method</h3><p>We developed a novel method for isolating ependymal cilia from mouse brain ventricles. We isolated ependymal cilia by partially opening the lateral ventricles and gently applying shear stress, followed by pipetting and ultracentrifugation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using this new method, we were able to observe cilia separately. The results demonstrated that our method successfully isolated intact ependymal cilia with preserved morphology and ultrastructure. In this procedure, the ventricular ependymal cell layer was partially detached.</p></div><div><h3>Comparison with existing methods</h3><p>Compared to existing methods for isolating cilia from other tissues, our method is meticulously tailored for extracting ependymal cilia from the mouse brain. Designed with a keen understanding of the fragility of the ventricular ependyma, our method prioritizes minimizing tissue damage during the isolation procedure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We isolated ependymal cilia from mouse brain by applying shear stress selectively to the ventricles. Our method can be used to conduct more detailed studies on the structure of ependymal cilia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16415,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 110198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165027024001432/pdfft?md5=bc1b231530f4bfdb12f32fbe9de7337a&pid=1-s2.0-S0165027024001432-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}