Environmental Microbiology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Vibrio cholerae in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Aaron Awere-Duodu,&nbsp;Onyansaniba K. Ntim,&nbsp;Eric S. Donkor","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Vibrio cholerae</i> is a water-borne pathogen transmitted via the faecal-oral route, with water being a major vehicle for infection. The pathogen has caused seven pandemics in history, with contaminated water identified as the infection source. Seasonal outbreaks, claiming approximately 21,000–143,000 lives yearly, are facilitated by contaminated water environments. This systematic review, therefore, determined the prevalence of <i>V. cholerae</i> in water environments. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. After the screening process, 87 articles were included in our study. RStudio version 4.3.3 was used in conducting our meta-analysis with the data subjected to the random-effects model. The included articles were from 38 countries, which spanned 6 continents. The prevalences of <i>V. cholerae</i> in water environments were as follows: drinking water (15.69%), untreated sewage (57.26%), treated sewage (95.18%), surface water (41.95%), groundwater (26.23%), and others (20.81%). Continental prevalence revealed the following: Australia (85.00%), North America (66.60%), Africa (42.07), South America (39.32%), Asia (29.28%), and Europe (24.48%). There is a high prevalence of <i>V. cholerae</i> in water environments. More effective water treatment methods are needed to drastically reduce its prevalence to insignificant levels, especially in treated drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrio cholerae in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Aaron Awere-Duodu,&nbsp;Onyansaniba K. Ntim,&nbsp;Eric S. Donkor","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Vibrio cholerae</i> is a water-borne pathogen transmitted via the faecal-oral route, with water being a major vehicle for infection. The pathogen has caused seven pandemics in history, with contaminated water identified as the infection source. Seasonal outbreaks, claiming approximately 21,000–143,000 lives yearly, are facilitated by contaminated water environments. This systematic review, therefore, determined the prevalence of <i>V. cholerae</i> in water environments. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. After the screening process, 87 articles were included in our study. RStudio version 4.3.3 was used in conducting our meta-analysis with the data subjected to the random-effects model. The included articles were from 38 countries, which spanned 6 continents. The prevalences of <i>V. cholerae</i> in water environments were as follows: drinking water (15.69%), untreated sewage (57.26%), treated sewage (95.18%), surface water (41.95%), groundwater (26.23%), and others (20.81%). Continental prevalence revealed the following: Australia (85.00%), North America (66.60%), Africa (42.07), South America (39.32%), Asia (29.28%), and Europe (24.48%). There is a high prevalence of <i>V. cholerae</i> in water environments. More effective water treatment methods are needed to drastically reduce its prevalence to insignificant levels, especially in treated drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectobacterium versatile β-Lactamase Contributes to Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) Community Diversity During Potato Infection","authors":"Camille Lorang,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Canto,&nbsp;Erwan Gueguen,&nbsp;Jacques Pédron,&nbsp;Marie-Anne Barny","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known about the role of antibiotics in microbial ecosystems in the absence of clinical antibiotic pressure. The soft rot <i>Pectobacteriaceae</i> (SRP) species complex comprises 37 bacterial species that are collectively responsible for severe plant decay in many crops. Within this complex, <i>Pectobacterium versatile</i> strains harbour the Bla_PEC-1 β-lactamase. The aim of our work was to analyse the role of BlaPEC-1 during plant infection. To this end, two <i>bla</i>_PEC-1-deleted strains were compared with their wild-type counterparts in vitro and in mono- or mixed infections of potato tubers with different SRP strains. In vitro, Bla_PEC-1 enables <i>P. versatile</i> to resist ampicillin or the carbapenem produced by <i>Pectobacterium brasiliense</i>. In mono-infections of potato tubers, <i>bla</i>_PEC-1-deleted strains were not affected in virulence, fitness, or association with bacterial commensals. In mixed infections, Bla_PEC-1 was required for the coexistence of <i>P. versatile</i> with the carbapenem-producing strain and was necessary to rescue carbapenem-sensitive strains both in vitro and <i>in planta</i>. Protection was observed even if both the <i>bla</i>_PEC-1 gene was repressed and the Bla_PEC1-expressing bacteria were a minority in the symptoms. These results indicate that Bla_PEC-1 exerts a true β-lactamase function during the infection process and acts as a public good of the SRP species complex to maintain SRP strain diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting Microbial Consortia for Tebuthiuron Degradation in Agricultural Soils: An Alternative Bayesian-Driven Colorimetric Protocol","authors":"Letícia Barbosa Jorososki,&nbsp;Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Cruz,&nbsp;Yanca Araujo Frias,&nbsp;Paulo Renato Matos Lopes","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herbicides impact, particularly tebuthiuron (TBT), on agroecosystems and surrounding environments had been documented in scientific literature. This study investigated the hypothesis that areas exposed to TBT, a prevalent herbicide in Brazil's sugarcane crops, might harbour microbial consortia capable of degrading this compound, assessed through a Bayesian-based colorimetric method. Soil samples from plant cane (pC), characterised by lower organic matter on the surface, and first-cut ratoon cane (rC) fields, with higher organic matter due to crop residues deposition, were collected for analysis. Colorimetric assays with DCPIP (2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol) were performed with microorganisms isolated from these fields to evaluate their TBT-degradation capacity. In an ELISA microplate, absorbance was measured at 600 nm as DCPIP is a redox indicator. Results confirmed the degradation potential of soil microbial consortia, particularly from rC samples, as evidenced by reduced absorbance relative to the control. The data deviated from the expected sigmoidal pattern, necessitating an alternative data interpretation method. A Bayesian factor estimation approach for kernel density curves of the logarithmic response ratio proved effective for handling non-sigmoidal spectrophotometric data. The findings offered valuable insights into TBT-degrading microorganisms and introduced an alternative analytical tool for interpreting variable data, potentially aiding in the development of bio-based remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectobacterium versatile β-Lactamase Contributes to Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) Community Diversity During Potato Infection","authors":"Camille Lorang,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Canto,&nbsp;Erwan Gueguen,&nbsp;Jacques Pédron,&nbsp;Marie-Anne Barny","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known about the role of antibiotics in microbial ecosystems in the absence of clinical antibiotic pressure. The soft rot <i>Pectobacteriaceae</i> (SRP) species complex comprises 37 bacterial species that are collectively responsible for severe plant decay in many crops. Within this complex, <i>Pectobacterium versatile</i> strains harbour the Bla_PEC-1 β-lactamase. The aim of our work was to analyse the role of BlaPEC-1 during plant infection. To this end, two <i>bla</i>_PEC-1-deleted strains were compared with their wild-type counterparts in vitro and in mono- or mixed infections of potato tubers with different SRP strains. In vitro, Bla_PEC-1 enables <i>P. versatile</i> to resist ampicillin or the carbapenem produced by <i>Pectobacterium brasiliense</i>. In mono-infections of potato tubers, <i>bla</i>_PEC-1-deleted strains were not affected in virulence, fitness, or association with bacterial commensals. In mixed infections, Bla_PEC-1 was required for the coexistence of <i>P. versatile</i> with the carbapenem-producing strain and was necessary to rescue carbapenem-sensitive strains both in vitro and <i>in planta</i>. Protection was observed even if both the <i>bla</i>_PEC-1 gene was repressed and the Bla_PEC1-expressing bacteria were a minority in the symptoms. These results indicate that Bla_PEC-1 exerts a true β-lactamase function during the infection process and acts as a public good of the SRP species complex to maintain SRP strain diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting Microbial Consortia for Tebuthiuron Degradation in Agricultural Soils: An Alternative Bayesian-Driven Colorimetric Protocol","authors":"Letícia Barbosa Jorososki,&nbsp;Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Cruz,&nbsp;Yanca Araujo Frias,&nbsp;Paulo Renato Matos Lopes","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herbicides impact, particularly tebuthiuron (TBT), on agroecosystems and surrounding environments had been documented in scientific literature. This study investigated the hypothesis that areas exposed to TBT, a prevalent herbicide in Brazil's sugarcane crops, might harbour microbial consortia capable of degrading this compound, assessed through a Bayesian-based colorimetric method. Soil samples from plant cane (pC), characterised by lower organic matter on the surface, and first-cut ratoon cane (rC) fields, with higher organic matter due to crop residues deposition, were collected for analysis. Colorimetric assays with DCPIP (2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol) were performed with microorganisms isolated from these fields to evaluate their TBT-degradation capacity. In an ELISA microplate, absorbance was measured at 600 nm as DCPIP is a redox indicator. Results confirmed the degradation potential of soil microbial consortia, particularly from rC samples, as evidenced by reduced absorbance relative to the control. The data deviated from the expected sigmoidal pattern, necessitating an alternative data interpretation method. A Bayesian factor estimation approach for kernel density curves of the logarithmic response ratio proved effective for handling non-sigmoidal spectrophotometric data. The findings offered valuable insights into TBT-degrading microorganisms and introduced an alternative analytical tool for interpreting variable data, potentially aiding in the development of bio-based remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentative Yeast Diversity at the Northern Range Limit of Their Oak Tree Hosts","authors":"Javier Pinto,&nbsp;Chloé Haberkorn,&nbsp;Markus Franzén,&nbsp;Ayco J. M. Tack,&nbsp;Rike Stelkens","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fermentative yeasts play important roles in both ecological and industrial processes, but their distribution and abundance in natural environments are not well understood. We investigated the diversity of yeasts at the northern range limit of their oak tree hosts (<i>Quercus</i> spp.) in Sweden, and identified climatic and ecological conditions governing their distribution. Yeasts were isolated from bark samples from 28 forests and identified to the species level using DNA metabarcoding. Most communities were dominated by species in the Saccharomycetaceae family, especially by species of <i>Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces</i> and <i>Pichia</i>. Each genus showed a distinct latitudinal and longitudinal distribution, and both temperature and precipitation metrics predicted significant variation in their abundance. Consistent with this, laboratory assays revealed significant effects of temperature on the growth of strains collected from different longitudes and latitudes. We found that older trees harbour more diverse and more balanced fermentative yeast communities with more evenly distributed species abundances. Communities across trees were more similar when sharing a common dominant species. This work provides a baseline for future studies on the impact of climate change on the fermentative yeast biodiversity of temperate forests in northern latitudes and contributes to a growing collection of wild isolates for potential biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentative Yeast Diversity at the Northern Range Limit of Their Oak Tree Hosts","authors":"Javier Pinto,&nbsp;Chloé Haberkorn,&nbsp;Markus Franzén,&nbsp;Ayco J. M. Tack,&nbsp;Rike Stelkens","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fermentative yeasts play important roles in both ecological and industrial processes, but their distribution and abundance in natural environments are not well understood. We investigated the diversity of yeasts at the northern range limit of their oak tree hosts (<i>Quercus</i> spp.) in Sweden, and identified climatic and ecological conditions governing their distribution. Yeasts were isolated from bark samples from 28 forests and identified to the species level using DNA metabarcoding. Most communities were dominated by species in the Saccharomycetaceae family, especially by species of <i>Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces</i> and <i>Pichia</i>. Each genus showed a distinct latitudinal and longitudinal distribution, and both temperature and precipitation metrics predicted significant variation in their abundance. Consistent with this, laboratory assays revealed significant effects of temperature on the growth of strains collected from different longitudes and latitudes. We found that older trees harbour more diverse and more balanced fermentative yeast communities with more evenly distributed species abundances. Communities across trees were more similar when sharing a common dominant species. This work provides a baseline for future studies on the impact of climate change on the fermentative yeast biodiversity of temperate forests in northern latitudes and contributes to a growing collection of wild isolates for potential biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrosarchaeum haohaiensis sp. Nov. CL1T: Isolation and Characterisation of a Novel Ammonia-Oxidising Archaeon From Aquatic Environments","authors":"Hailing Li,&nbsp;Lingqi Zhuang,&nbsp;Haoyun Cai,&nbsp;Yimin Ni,&nbsp;Ting Chu,&nbsp;Lanming Chen,&nbsp;Yongxin Yu,&nbsp;Yongjie Wang","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a 3.5-year enrichment cultivation period, a novel ammonia-oxidising archaeon (AOA), designated strain CL1^T, was isolated from Yangshan Harbour (East China Sea). Strain CL1^T demonstrates a maximum ammonia tolerance of up to 10 mM. Its optimal growth conditions include a pH range of 7–8, a salinity of 2%–3%, and a temperature range of 20°C–25°C. Under these conditions, strain CL1^T achieved a maximum specific growth rate of 0.87 d⁻¹, with cell yields estimated at 3.92 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ μM ammonia⁻¹. Genomic sequencing revealed that strain CL1^T possesses a genome size of 1.63 megabases with a high completeness of 99.95%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome data placed strain CL1^T within the genus <i>Nitrosarchaeum</i>. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) between the genome of strain CL1^T and its closest relative was 92.01%, confirming that strain CL1^T represents a novel species within <i>Nitrosarchaeum</i>. Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that strain CL1^T encodes key enzymes for ammonia oxidation, including ammonia monooxygenase (<i>amoA</i>, <i>amoB</i>, <i>amoC</i>) and copper oxidase, indicating its capacity for ammonia oxidation. Additionally, strain CL1^T likely assimilates ammonia through the GS-GOGAT and GDH pathways. Consistent with the observation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in strain CL1^T via electron microscopy, genome annotation identified core genes associated with EVs function, such as <i>vps4</i> and <i>FtsZ</i>. The isolation of strain CL1^T provides a valuable model system for investigating its ammonia metabolism and exploring its ecological interactions with other AOA, ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB), thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of nitrogen cycling mechanisms in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrosarchaeum haohaiensis sp. Nov. CL1T: Isolation and Characterisation of a Novel Ammonia-Oxidising Archaeon From Aquatic Environments","authors":"Hailing Li,&nbsp;Lingqi Zhuang,&nbsp;Haoyun Cai,&nbsp;Yimin Ni,&nbsp;Ting Chu,&nbsp;Lanming Chen,&nbsp;Yongxin Yu,&nbsp;Yongjie Wang","doi":"10.1111/1758-2229.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a 3.5-year enrichment cultivation period, a novel ammonia-oxidising archaeon (AOA), designated strain CL1^T, was isolated from Yangshan Harbour (East China Sea). Strain CL1^T demonstrates a maximum ammonia tolerance of up to 10 mM. Its optimal growth conditions include a pH range of 7–8, a salinity of 2%–3%, and a temperature range of 20°C–25°C. Under these conditions, strain CL1^T achieved a maximum specific growth rate of 0.87 d⁻¹, with cell yields estimated at 3.92 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ μM ammonia⁻¹. Genomic sequencing revealed that strain CL1^T possesses a genome size of 1.63 megabases with a high completeness of 99.95%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome data placed strain CL1^T within the genus <i>Nitrosarchaeum</i>. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) between the genome of strain CL1^T and its closest relative was 92.01%, confirming that strain CL1^T represents a novel species within <i>Nitrosarchaeum</i>. Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that strain CL1^T encodes key enzymes for ammonia oxidation, including ammonia monooxygenase (<i>amoA</i>, <i>amoB</i>, <i>amoC</i>) and copper oxidase, indicating its capacity for ammonia oxidation. Additionally, strain CL1^T likely assimilates ammonia through the GS-GOGAT and GDH pathways. Consistent with the observation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in strain CL1^T via electron microscopy, genome annotation identified core genes associated with EVs function, such as <i>vps4</i> and <i>FtsZ</i>. The isolation of strain CL1^T provides a valuable model system for investigating its ammonia metabolism and exploring its ecological interactions with other AOA, ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB), thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of nitrogen cycling mechanisms in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":163,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiology Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1758-2229.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}