Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Hazardous materials transportation route optimization considering dynamic wind speeds and risk equity","authors":"Liping Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Tian ,&nbsp;Shuxia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel approach to hazardous materials transportation by integrating time-varying wind speed variations into risk assessment and equity optimization. Unlike previous research that mainly focuses on total transportation risk, our model specifically quantifies risk disparities and proposes an adaptive routing strategy for improving risks equity. Moreover, studies on hazardous materials route optimization rarely incorporate risk equity considerations in the context of fluctuating population densities and wind speeds. This study addresses these gaps by analyzing the impact area of hazardous materials accidents under varying wind conditions and developing a time-varying risk assessment function that accounts for dynamic population distributions. The Gini coefficient is utilized to quantify risk disparities across different routes. Based on this, we propose a novel time-dependent route optimization model for hazardous materials transportation that integrates risk equity considerations. The NSGA-II genetic algorithm is employed to solve the model efficiently. Finally, a case study on a transportation network in Shanghai demonstrates the model's practical applicability and examines the temporal distribution of risk equity, providing valuable insights for equitable risk management in real-world scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid Monte Carlo and graph-based method for analyzing LOC-induced domino effect evolution in the chemical industry","authors":"Yanfu Wang ,&nbsp;Weikai Ma ,&nbsp;Peijie Xing ,&nbsp;Jingbin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domino effects triggered by loss of containment (LOC) events in chemical facilities represent critical challenges to industrial safety due to their complex, multi-phase, and spatially evolving characteristics. Traditional assessment methods often fall short in capturing both the dynamic propagation of accidents and the systemic vulnerabilities within facility layouts. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid analytical framework that integrates time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations with graph-theoretic metrics to model and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of LOC-induced domino effects. Unlike conventional static models, the proposed approach explicitly incorporates fire–explosion coupling and dynamic unit-state transitions, enabling high-resolution simulation of cascading failures over time. The framework is applied to the CAPECO tank farm explosion as a representative case study, demonstrating strong consistency with the observed progression of the real-world accident. The results provide actionable insights for risk-informed facility layout, hazard mitigation, and emergency response planning. Overall, the proposed method offers a significant advancement in the modeling, understanding, and management of domino effects in complex chemical storage environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk propagation analysis of domino effect in chemical accident: An integrated approach with data mining and Bayesian networks","authors":"Xunqing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Xue ,&nbsp;William Yeoh ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Sun ,&nbsp;Hu Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domino effects in chemical process industries can lead to catastrophic consequences due to their complex, multi-stage escalation mechanisms. Existing approaches to domino accident analysis often lack integration between qualitative causal insights and quantitative modeling of risk propagation. To address this gap, this study proposes an integrated methodology that combines the grounded theory, association rule mining, and Bayesian network modeling to systematically identify and evaluate risk pathways in hazardous chemical accidents. The grounded theory analysis of historical accident reports led to the identification of five core dimensions: accident type, human error, material properties, environmental conditions, and systemic management deficiencies. Using the Apriori algorithm, 418 high-confidence association rules were extracted from leakage- and explosion-initiated disaster chains, with the sequence ‘equipment defect → leakage → explosion’ occurring in 78 % of cases. A dual-layer Bayesian network model comprising 106 nodes was constructed to quantify the interactions among causative factors. Sensitivity analysis using the expectation–maximization algorithm revealed that shockwaves (sensitivity = 0.275) and debris dispersion (0.258) are dominant contributors to secondary escalation. This study proposes an integrated approach combining data mining and Bayesian networks for analyzing risk propagation patterns of the domino effect in hazardous chemical incidents, providing insights to enhance safety resilience in high-risk chemical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion by carbon sequestration products from typical industrial solid waste mineralized CO2","authors":"Xian Xi ,&nbsp;Jundong Hu ,&nbsp;Quanlin Shi ,&nbsp;Qingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Hemeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using solid waste mineralization to fix CO₂ and mineralization products to plug air leakage in goaf is an effective way to reduce carbon emission, which has the advantages of large consumption of solid waste and significant safety. In this research, the ability of typical alkaline solid wastes such as fly ash and steel slag to mineralize CO₂ and the effect of mineralized products on the prevention of coal spontaneous combustion were explored. SEM-EDS, XRD and Fourier infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the microstructure changes of solid waste and mineralized samples. It was found that the particle morphology before and after mineralization produced many irregular calcium carbonate particles, and EDS results exhibited that the carbon content increased significantly. XRD results exhibited that CaO diffraction peak disappeared and CaCO₃ diffraction peak replaced it in solid waste after mineralization. FTIR results further appeared that the presence of carbonate ions in the samples before and after the reaction indicated the formation of CaCO₃. Moreover, it was found by temperature programmed that adding waste slurry to the coal powder could significantly increase the temperature at the intersection point of the coal, finally indicating that the product after adding reinforced waste mineralized CO₂ had a certain inhibitory effect on the coal oxidation reaction, further providing the theoretical basis for underground coal mine fire prevention materials prepared by industrial solid waste mineralization reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance assessment of LNG full-containment tank under explosive blast loading","authors":"Yong Yang,&nbsp;Tuanhai Chen,&nbsp;Kezheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explosive blast is a critical accidental scenario for liquefied natural gas (LNG) full-containment tanks, necessitating rigorous structural safety assessments. This study explored a method for evaluating the performance of LNG full-containment tanks subjected to explosive blast waves. The coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian technique in ABAQUS was used to simulate blast-wave propagation and resulting structural responses. The method was validated using empirical formulas and experimental data. A 270,000-m³ LNG full-containment tank was analyzed as a case study, and the explosion overpressure and structural responses at various locations on the tank were assessed. This study further examined the effects of detonation height and distance on tank performance using structural damage to the outer concrete wall of the tank as an evaluation indicator. Results indicated that the zone of elevated blast overpressure was primarily confined to a vertical range extending up to twice the detonation height and a horizontal angular spread of ±10° from the blast epicenter. The peak structural response of the tank was observed with a noticeable delay after the maximum explosion overpressure was applied, reflecting the tank's dynamic reaction to the sudden blast loading. The prestressing system significantly enhanced the tank blast resistance. Greater detonation heights caused more severe damage to the LNG tank and increased explosive distances reduced the damage. However, an explosion source located too low caused excessive damage to the foundation slab. Therefore, the detonation height should not be less than 0.3 times the outer wall height. These findings support safer design and risk mitigation strategies for LNG storage facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable failure prediction modeling of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines containing a crack-in-corrosion defect","authors":"Yihuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Meixing Lu ,&nbsp;Jianjun Qin ,&nbsp;Guojin Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a CIGWO-GPR machine learning (ML) model is developed, integrating Circle chaotic mapping, grey wolf optimization, and Gaussian process regression. The proposed hybrid model is developed to predict the failure pressure of X80 hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines (HBNG) containing a crack-in-corrosion defect (With a hydrogen blending ratio below 15 %). The model interpretability is enhanced with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which captures the contributions of global and local features. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen blending ratio and geometries of corrosion and crack highly correlate with corrosion- and crack-induced failure pressure. The CIGWO algorithm significantly improves the model accuracy and global search capability of GPR models, which has superior performance for high-dimensional nonlinear data. The SHAP analysis indicates that the hydrogen blending ratio and corrosion depth are the critical factors for crack-induced failure pressure (<em>P</em>_crack) and corrosion-induced failure pressure (<em>P</em>_corrosion), respectively. The proposed method can serve as a valuable reference for artificial intelligence-based integrity management of HBNG pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deflagration suppression of methane-air by sodium salt-modified dry water: Experimental and kinetic investigation","authors":"Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenmin Luo ,&nbsp;Shangyong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wentao Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Tian ,&nbsp;Zhe Dong ,&nbsp;Fan Meng ,&nbsp;Yuhuai Sheng ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prevent explosion hazards of methane, the explosion suppression effects of dry water powder were enhanced using sodium salt (NaHCO₃, CH₃COONa, and NaH₂PO₄). The effects of different dry water on the pressure and time parameters of methane-air deflagration were tested experimentally. Meanwhile, a comprehensive reaction mechanism model of sodium salt dry water-methane combustion was established, revealing the thermal-chain synergistic explosion suppression mechanism of sodium salt dry water. The experimental results demonstrate that as the amount of sodium salt modified dry water increased, the pressure characteristic parameters of methane-air explosion decreased, and time characteristic parameters prolonged. Sodium bicarbonate-modified dry water exhibits the best suppression performance. The calculation of kinetics showed that adiabatic flame temperature and laminar burning speed decrease linearly with the increasing addition of sodium salt-modified dry water. The thermal characteristics show that the pyrolysis process of sodium salt dry water absorb heat and dilute the oxygen concentration of the deflagration process. Sodium-containing compounds react with H, O, and OH to form relatively stable NaOH. This compound inhibits chain reactions by suppressing both the net heat release and the production of critical free radicals within the system.The research results help to promote the safe use of methane energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the leakage and diffusion dynamics in small and medium-sized holes at a 45-degree inclination within extensive open-air high-pressure natural gas pipelines","authors":"Jiashuai Wang ,&nbsp;Shengzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuntao Li ,&nbsp;Tao Zeng ,&nbsp;Yingquan Duo ,&nbsp;Rujun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to improve the reliability of emergency management for accidental natural gas pipeline leaks by analyzing the effects of different conditions on gas leakage and diffusion in large open spaces through both simulations and experimental investigations. The experiments involved a 25 mm diameter leak test, accompanied by numerical simulations for 5 mm and 25 mm leak apertures. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was employed to assess the distribution of gas cloud dimensions and hazard zones, with large-scale experiments conducted to validate the simulation outcomes. The results reveal that size variations of the near-field flammable area remain within 8 % in response to changes in wind speed and pipeline pressure, while far-field variations exceed 15 %, indicating greater stability in the near-field gas cloud. As wind speed increases, the gas cloud spreads downwind, and the flammable area height and width gradually decrease, with a maximum attenuation rate of 31.6 % observed at a horizontal distance of 40 m. Additionally, with rising pipeline pressure, the size variations of the near-field flammable area are minimal, with changes in height and width both staying under 5 %. Both wind speed and pipeline pressure variations influence the extent of high-concentration areas. While wind speed has a minor effect, it does cause a shift in the high-concentration area, whereas increased pipeline pressure enlarges the high-concentration area without affecting the degree of offset. The average attenuation rate of the offset for high-concentration areas due to increased wind speed is 9.2 %. These findings demonstrate that the established CFD model can effectively simulate and predict the diffusion behavior of natural gas during accidental leaks. The research outcomes provide valuable insights for early warning systems associated with natural gas pipeline leaks, thus contributing to the prevention of accidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic effect of thermal decomposition of binary ionic liquid mixtures","authors":"Yuyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuxian Dai ,&nbsp;Yong Pan ,&nbsp;Yuling Xiao ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Kemin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread application of binary ionic liquid (IL) mixtures in the chemical, energy, and environmental fields, improving their thermal stability has become crucial. This study three pyrrolidine-based pure ionic liquids (ILs) were selected to form two types of binary IL mixtures, including [Py₁₄][NTf₂]_(x)[Py₁₄][BF₄]_(10-x), and [Py₁₂][NTf₂]_(x)[BF₄]_(10-x). The thermal decomposition properties of the two mixtures were investigated and compared through thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), density functional theory (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The TG results indicate that [Py₁₄][NTf₂]_(x)[Py₁₄][BF₄]_(10-x) exhibits higher thermal stability, and both IL mixtures demonstrate synergistic thermal decomposition behavior at different molar ratios. DFT analysis indicates that, compared to [NTf₂]^-, [BF₄]^- exhibits a stronger tendency to bind with cations, facilitating the formation of stable ionic clusters and enhancing overall stability. Additionally, hydrogen bonding interactions are widely present. While C₂-H is the main hydrogen bond donor, C₄-H, C₅-H, and even the hydrogen atom on alkyl can also be involved in hydrogen bonding, albeit as a weak donor. MD simulations reveal that the interactions between anions and cations are not directly correlated with the number of hydrogen bonds, nor do their trends exhibit a significant relationship with the interactions of the mixtures during thermal decomposition. The results will be helpful to select and design the ILs at high temperature, and contribute to their safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test set-up for reproducible shock wave generation","authors":"M. Gerbeit ,&nbsp;H. Seeber ,&nbsp;D. Grasse ,&nbsp;M. Donner ,&nbsp;S. Grobert ,&nbsp;D. Krentel","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A test setup was developed at the BAM test site to generate and record reproducible, adjustable shock waves resulting from gas detonations. The setup is used to study the impact of blasts on humans and structures with short setup times. To further develop this innovative test bench and improve reproducibility, the ignition source and gas composition is analysed in more detail.</div><div>The experimental setup consists of a cylindrical pressure vessel (autoclave) that is operated with acetylene and oxygen at ambient pressure. The elevated pressure resulting from the combustion process is released through an orifice by the instantaneous rupture of a diaphragm. The shock propagates symmetrically into the free field, where it interacts with the models and sensors to be analysed. With this design, shock waves with a typical ideal Friedlander waveform characteristic, except for a reflection and a muzzle blast-like behavior that deviates from the ideal characteristics, can be generated. This setup enables an average peak overpressure of 88 kPa. By using exploding wires as an ignition source in comparison to a fusehead, the reproducibility was significantly increased during the test to <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2.8</mn></mrow></math></span> kPa from <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>9.5</mn></mrow></math></span> kPa previously.</div><div>The presented data confirms the quality and reliability of this setup in generating realistic, reproducible shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}