Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Study on the scope of impact of consequences of leakage of hydrogen blended with natural gas pipeline","authors":"Jun Li ,&nbsp;Ding Li ,&nbsp;Xuting Du ,&nbsp;Zengfeng Jin ,&nbsp;Xin Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of low-carbon energy transition, Hydrogen blended with natural gas (HBNG) technology has attracted much attention due to its carbon reduction potential, but its leakage risk poses higher requirements for safety control. This study aims to analyze the impact of the consequences of HBNG pipeline leakage. The PHAST software is used to analyze the consequences of leakage accidents with its characteristics, and the role of three factors, namely, hydrogen blending ratio, leakage hole diameter and ambient wind speed, on the range of influence of jet thermal radiation and explosion overpressure is investigated by constructing a physical model and applying numerical simulation, combining the flame cone model and the TNT-equivalent method. The results show that the influence range of jet fire radiation increases with the increase of leakage hole diameter and ambient wind speed, but decreases with the increase of hydrogen blending ratio; the influence range of explosion overpressure increases with the increase of leakage hole diameter, decreases with the increase of ambient wind speed, and increases first and then decreases with the increase of hydrogen blending ratio. Based on this result, the corresponding hazardous and safety zones are delineated. This study can provide some technical support for the development of safety measures for jet fire and explosion accidents caused by HBNG leakage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenario-based resilience framework for gas compressor stations under fire and explosion hazards","authors":"Amir Aminshokravi,&nbsp;Gholamreza Heravi,&nbsp;Behnood Rahbari,&nbsp;Mohadese Elahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas compressor stations are pivotal nodes in gas transmission networks; therefore, assessment of their resilience against fire and explosion hazards is crucial for improving process safety. While traditional process safety risk assessments identify potential hazards, a critical gap exists in quantifying the dynamic resilience of these plants following major incidents. This study presents a novel approach in the field of process safety by introducing an integrated framework to model and quantify the resilience of gas compressor stations against fire and explosion. The methodology combines HAZID-based hazard identification with modelling the consequences of fires and explosions using PHAST software. To move beyond static consequence metrics, a time-dependent Resilience Loss (RL) index is proposed, which captures both functional degradation and the recovery process, a key component of loss prevention. A case study of the Dorahan Gas Compressor Station demonstrates the framework’s application. Results illustrate that the most vulnerable sections of gas compressor stations that lead to the most severe resilience degradation are turbocompressors and the type of flange connections. Finally, a sensitivity analysis proves the impact of increasing repair crew sizes in reducing logistical delay and recovery time. The approach introduces a novel tool for process safety decision-making and the capability to use risk-informed approaches to improve the resilience of gas compressor stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel integrated multi-source heterogeneous uncertainty fusion framework for reducing the complexity of uncertainty characterization in domino effect risk assessment","authors":"Hongrui Jiang,&nbsp;Long Ding,&nbsp;Jie Ji,&nbsp;Jiping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The risk assessment result of domino accidents in chemical industry can be influenced by uncertainty, and the multi-source heterogeneous data fusion makes the uncertainty analysis, especially the characterization, complex and difficult. This paper proposed an integrated framework of uncertainty analysis considering multi-source heterogeneous data, and provided different characterization methods for common multi-source heterogeneous data types in order to reduce the complexity of uncertainty analysis. In order to deal with the influence of expert cognitive bias on fuzzy information, the interval type-2 fuzzy set suitable for domino accidents in chemical industry was established based on questionnaire data. The proposed framework was applied to a real tank farm to obtain the intervals and the corresponding probability envelopes of time to failure and escalation probability, and the most likely accident scenario. Compared with the competitive method, the superiority of the proposed method was verified. The sensitivity analysis of inherent safety design parameter was carried out to obtain the priority of the material, size and storage of LNG storage tank considering the fire-induced domino risk. The integrated framework can reduce the complexity of uncertainty analysis of chemical domino accident risk assessment and provide reference information for decision makers to control domino effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating cybersecurity measures around industrial control systems (ICS) within the petrochemical sector","authors":"Lushen Rajaruthnam,&nbsp;Rina Peach","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fast adoption of technologies that enable the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in the South African industrial sector has been well noted, and is advancing to meet global pressures. Cybersecurity countermeasures to protect and safeguard the expanding interconnected nature of several industrial sectors have not kept pace. The steadfast march toward digitalization and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) optimization increases industrial control systems' (ICSs) vulnerabilities, and they become ripe targets for the wicked. This study aimed to identify the current level of the cybersecurity maturity of ICS assets in the South African petrochemical sector and to investigate the root causes of that level of maturity. Extensive research was done into industry best practices, lessons learned, and global governing bodies of knowledge. A target maturity (from NIST 800-xx and IEC 62443-x-x) and possible contributing factors to poor adoption were identified and tested with a population in a cluster of South African petrochemical facilities. The research propositions concurred with the results, showing systemic barriers to adequate ICS cybersecurity adoption. A risk-based approach and a high-level recommendation roadmap were developed to address poor maturity levels. More specific sector studies could be conducted in the future to refine the findings, but this framework and roadmap could be implemented directly as a starting point for an organization's ICS cybersecurity journey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on explosion hazard of methanol-polyvinyl alcohol two-phase system in industrial processes","authors":"Qi Lan ,&nbsp;Liangliang Li ,&nbsp;Zhengang Wang ,&nbsp;Yipeng Li ,&nbsp;He Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Bi ,&nbsp;Bin Tao ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the production, storage, and packaging of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), methanol may volatilize to form a methanol/PVA dust two-phase system, posing a high risk of explosion. To fill the research gap on the explosion characteristics of methanol/PVA dust systems, the variation laws of explosion parameters such as the lower explosion limit (LEL), explosion intensity, and minimum ignition energy (MIE) of methanol-PVA two-phase systems at different concentrations were studied using a modified 20L explosion sphere device. The addition of methanol significantly reduced the LEL of PVA dust. When the methanol concentration increased from 0 % to 5 %, the minimum explosion concentration of PVA dust decreased from 150 g m⁻³ to 10 g m⁻³. Based on the experimental results, an empirical formula for the MIE of the gas-solid system at different methanol concentrations was proposed. The MIE of the two-phase system decreased sharply with the increase in methanol gas concentration. When the methanol content exceeded 10 %, the MIE of the two-phase system could be as low as 2–3 mJ, which is lower than the brush discharge energy commonly seen between non-metallic packaging bags and grounded metal surfaces. The explosion pressure of the two-phase system first increased and then decreased with the increase in the added methanol concentration. When the PVA dust concentration was low, the explosion pressure increased significantly. However, when the PVA dust concentration exceeds the optimal explosion concentration, the explosion pressure curve levels off, and the influence of methanol concentration on the explosion pressure of the two-phase system diminishes, with the explosion pressure increase not exceeding 0.05 MPa. The maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of the two-phase system showed a continuous upward trend with the increase in methanol concentration. The results hold significant reference value for the prevention and control of industrial dust explosions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the dual effects of safety information process loss and its application to Tianjin Port fire and explosion accident","authors":"Shuicheng Tian ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Ning ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Hongyan Li ,&nbsp;Hongxia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The loss of safety information during its flow may heighten accident risks and exacerbate accident consequences. To address this issue, this study examines safety information loss from a process perspective. The concept of safety information process loss is proposed, and a cheese model is constructed to explain its fundamental connotations and key features. Furthermore, a double helix structure of safety information process loss is introduced to model two core effects, the cascade amplification effect and the compensatory adjustment effect. Taking the Tianjin Port fire and explosion accident as a case study, the dual effects of safety information process loss are analyzed and validated based on Agent-Based Modeling. The results reveal significant cascade amplification effects and compensatory adjustment effects in the flow of safety information at both organizational and individual levels. The compensatory adjustment effect can partially mitigate information loss. This study provides a quantitative basis for safety information loss assessment and offers practical guidance for its prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing atomization and fire-Suppression efficiency of perfluorohexanone using swirl nozzles across a range of injection pressures","authors":"Zhilei Yu ,&nbsp;Guohui Li ,&nbsp;Hongzhang Jia ,&nbsp;Haibin Dong ,&nbsp;Junchao Zhao ,&nbsp;Heping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the atomization, diffusion, and fire suppression performance of perfluorohexanone, discharged through a swirl nozzle in a 1 m³ sealed chamber, aiming to enhance the total flooding efficiency of this environmentally friendly Halon alternative. For the first time, the coupling effect of swirl nozzle geometry and injection pressure on droplet size distribution, vapor diffusion, and suppression effectiveness is systematically analyzed through combined experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Increasing the injection pressure from 0.3 to 0.5 MPa reduced D90 and D50 by 22 % and 29 %, respectively, which accelerated vaporization and improved the cooling rate. Correspondingly, the average chamber temperature declined from 25 °C to 7.2 °C, achieving a 49 % cooling efficiency improvement. Fire suppression time for upper-layer flames was reduced by 47 %, and the total flooding concentration was achieved within 3.3s, with CFD predictions closely matching experimental data. Lower nozzle heights improved suppression of near-ground flames, whereas higher positions enhanced coverage and atomization in upper layers. These results provide quantitative guidance for optimizing the design and deployment of perfluorohexanone total flooding systems in confined environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen explosion modeling using AUTODYN","authors":"Minju Kim,&nbsp;Sangki Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates hydrogen explosion modeling with a focus on safety assessment and predictive analysis. As hydrogen production and utilization continue to expand, incidents involving hydrogen explosions have been reported with increasing frequency. To address these concerns, this research employs AUTODYN to simulate hydrogen explosions in a spherical copper vessel, aiming to advance the practical application of finite element modeling (FEM). The study evaluates the method's applicability by directly calculating hydrogen explosion energy using Gurney energy, adapted for vapor cloud explosions. The results show that the copper expansion velocity derived from theoretical equations and AUTODYN modeling differs by approximately 10 %. When considering the hydrogen efficiency factor, an error rate of 22.7 % was observed. In addition, a comparative analysis of AUTODYN results reveals that the copper expansion velocity for TNT is approximately 35 times higher than that for hydrogen. These findings demonstrate that hydrogen explosions can be effectively modeled, providing valuable insights for the development of hydrogen safety measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the explosion characteristics of typical lithium-ion battery vent gas","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Yunliang Qi ,&nbsp;Xi Cao ,&nbsp;Qian Cheng ,&nbsp;Haodong Lei ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Ping ,&nbsp;Chaoran Yang ,&nbsp;Shaorong Duan ,&nbsp;Chuanzhao Cao ,&nbsp;Mingyi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal runaway (TR) events in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pose significant safety hazards, particularly in energy storage systems (ESS). The release of flammable and toxic battery vent gases (BVGs) during TR can lead to catastrophic explosions. To investigate the explosion characteristics of these BVGs, this study developed a detailed chemical kinetics-based model. The model was employed to analyze the effects of battery type, state of charge (SOC), dilution, and component interactions on BVG explosion behavior under common thermodynamic conditions. Results revealed that lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries exhibit a higher explosion propensity than Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) batteries, primarily attributed to higher concentrations of ethylene and ethane. The explosion tendency of LFP BVGs increases nonlinearly with SOC, peaking at SOC between 50 % and 100 %. Nitrogen in ambient air exerts a dilution effect that becomes more pronounced at higher SOCs. Among individual BVG components, ethylene is the most hazardous, and carbon monoxide is the least prone to explode. Ethane exhibits unique explosion behavior due to its sensitivity to temperature and pressure variations, stemming from competing reaction pathways involving the C₂H₅O₂ radical. BVG mixtures exhibit nonlinear explosion behaviors that cannot be predicted by simple linear combinations of their individual component properties. Furthermore, small additions of hydrocarbons like ethylene or methane to carbon monoxide significantly enhance ignition propensity by enriching the radical pool, although this enhancing effect diminishes at higher hydrocarbon concentrations. The controlling mechanism of H₂/CO synergistic effect is also revealed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a combined control device for H2S leakage in high-sulfur natural gas plants","authors":"Yanjie Yang ,&nbsp;Yueping Qin ,&nbsp;Qigen Deng ,&nbsp;Weihua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is widely present in industrial manufacturing processes, particularly in the petrochemical industry. In some Chinese natural gas treatment plants, natural gas features high H₂S concentration and pressure. Once leakage occurs, it will severely threaten workers' safety and health. Due to the harm of H₂S and the lack of prevention and control devices, H₂S leakage may cause unacceptable losses. In order to prevent and control the loss caused by high-sulfur natural gas leakage, this paper first compares the absorption rate of H₂S by single sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) lye and modified lye through absorption experiments. 3.0 % Na₂CO₃ and 0.6 % H₂O₂ mixed alkaline solution was preferred as the scavenger. The mechanism and effect of the prevention and control device were studied by similar experiments. Finally, a set of combined prevention and control devices was designed and verified in the purification plant. The results demonstrate that: (1) The absorption rate of H₂S by the preferred scavenger reached 95 % within 90 min; (2) The prevention and control functions of the combined prevention and control device include blocking, absorption, reverse propulsion, and others; (3) The combined prevention and control devices have good protection function and can form a safe area behind the partition wall; (4) The device's reaction time (&lt;5 s) is shorter than the 12-s threshold at the IDLH concentration diffusion level. This research provides theoretical and technical guidance for H₂S leakage control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 105805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}