Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning-based literature review on the concept of safety barriers against hazardous events","authors":"Elena Stefana ,&nbsp;Marilia Ramos ,&nbsp;Nicola Paltrinieri","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification and implementation of effective safety barriers represent the core aim of any safety management process. Safety barriers, whether physical and/or non-physical, serve to prevent or mitigate hazardous events. The interest towards this topic has stimulated a wide spectrum of research activities that is difficult to investigate and summarise by only human analysts. In such a context, data-driven methods could assist the screening and review of the extensive number of contributions on safety barriers. However, to the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed yet. For this reason, we propose a systematic literature review of the concept of safety barriers by employing an automated unsupervised Machine Learning-based clustering technique. To ensure the effectiveness of the automated clustering, we also performed a manual cleansing. As a result, 769 articles published until 2023 were retrieved from the Scopus database, and were grouped into 21 relevant cluster. Such clusters characterise the main research streams on the safety barriers, including risk assessment approaches, quantitative methods estimating event probabilities, design and management principles, and applications of the barriers in critical and industrial domains. This paper thus advocates for adopting a different perspective to investigate the safety barrier knowledge, by leveraging on the potentialities offered by the scientometric analysis and mapping in the safety science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based precise monitoring of aluminium-magnesium alloy dust","authors":"Fengyu Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Jianxin Lu,&nbsp;Haipeng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al-Mg alloys are widely used in industrial production, which can lead to occupational health issues and explosion hazards. The study focuses on applying a machine learning-enhanced Kalman filtering algorithm to detect the concentration of Al-Mg alloy dust, significantly reducing dust hazards and constructing an efficient and safe dust reduction and removal system. A machine learning-based Kalman filter algorithm is proposed for fast and accurate detection of high Al-Mg dust concentrations (200–1200 g/m³). The results show that the KFGRU approach outperforms the traditional line filter method, achieving answer times between 2.6 s and 6 s—an improvement of 62.5% over the traditional method. As far as the forecast accuracy is concerned, the KFGRU method yields a minimal curve deviation value, reaching as low as 0.097, which represents a significant improvement compared to the 0.151 of the Kalman filter algorithm, the 0.217 of the sliding average method, and the 0.177 of the median filter methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the inhibition of hydrogen explosion using gas-solid two-phase inhibitors","authors":"Yanan Yu ,&nbsp;Haowen Qu ,&nbsp;Ping Ping ,&nbsp;Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen, as a renewable energy source, is widely used in energy supply and industrial production. However, due to frequent hydrogen explosion accidents posing significant threats to people and property, exploring effective inhibition methods and mechanisms becomes crucial. This study employs a 20L spherical device to evaluate the inhibitory effects of different inert gases (such as N₂ and CO₂) combined with various inert powders (including SiO₂, NH₄H₂PO₄, and NaH₂PO₄) as two-phase inhibitors on hydrogen explosions. The results show that single-phase CO₂ outperforms N₂ in explosion suppression, achieving complete prevention of hydrogen explosions at a 60% CO₂ concentration. N₂ shows minimal inhibition at concentrations below 40%, and even at 60%, it fails to provide complete inhibition. Two-phase inhibitors significantly enhance the inhibitory effects of inert gases, and reduce their required amounts. Both under N₂ and CO₂ conditions, the effectiveness of inhibitors is ranked as follows: NH₄H₂PO₄ &gt; SiO₂ &gt; NaH₂PO₄, with NH₄H₂PO₄ exhibiting excellent inhibitory capabilities. Mechanistic analysis, conducted using HSC and CHEMKIN molecular dynamics software, reveals that the basic reaction H + O₂ = O + OH possesses the highest sensitivity coefficient in hydrogen combustion, underscoring its vital function in elevating explosion temperatures. Adding NH₄H₂PO₄ lowers the maximum combustion temperature of hydrogen and prolongs the time required to reach this temperature. The primary function of NH₄H₂PO₄ is to lower the levels of H and O radicals by creating NH₃ intermediates and merging them with O and H atoms, which in turn diminishes the intensity of the reaction and effectively inhibits explosions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the vented flame and pressure behaviour of hydrogen-air mixtures","authors":"Yuhuai Sheng ,&nbsp;Zhenmin Luo ,&nbsp;Litao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Fan Meng ,&nbsp;Zhe Dong ,&nbsp;Yanni Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiao Qu ,&nbsp;Jun Deng ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the changes in pressure and flame propagation inside and outside the vessel when the pipe diameter does not match the vent diameter, and to check the conservatism of standards NFPA 68 and EN 14491 for this case, an experimental apparatus was utilized to investigate the influences of static activation pressure (0.7–1.75 bar) and vent diameter (30–70 mm) on the deflagration behavior of hydrogen–air mixtures (Φ: 0.6–1.4). The vented pressure, flame propagation, and pressure–flame interaction characteristics of hydrogen–air mixtures were observed and analyzed. Additionally, the conservatism of the calculated venting area under the experimental conditions of NPFA 68 and EN 14491 was verified. The results indicated that under an equivalence ratio of 0.6, the pressure-time curve inside the container exhibited only one peak (P_max11). In the stoichiometric and fuel-rich states, the pressure-time curve inside the container exhibited two peaks attributed to the decrease in venting efficiency due to the secondary explosion inside the pipe, increasing the turbulence intensity within the container. When the static activation pressure is 0.7 bar, the pressures of the three vent diameters of 30, 50 and 70 dropped by 11.34%, 24.38% and 26.86% respectively. And the P_max11 at Φ = 1.0 and Φ = 1.4 are similar, while this phenomenon is not observed for other vent diameters. When the vent diameter was inconsistent with the duct diameter. the calculations of both standards were conservative. However, under these testing conditions (vent diameter: 30–70 mm, static activation pressure: 0.7–1.75 bar), the NPFA 68 calculations yield a conservatism range of 3.3–11, whereas EN14491 ranges from 1.6 to 15.7. The NPFA 68 results were more stable and concentrated, making these conditions more suitable for industry safety design in hydrogen venting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of flame length for the horizontal jet flame of carbon dioxide and propane mixed gas","authors":"Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Zhengkang Lu ,&nbsp;Yuke Gao ,&nbsp;Peixiang He ,&nbsp;Chunmei Wang ,&nbsp;Changfa Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inert gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), are often presented in fuel gases and influence their combustion characteristics significantly. This paper investigates the horizontal length of buoyant turbulent jet flame under different boundary conditions, including different nozzle diameters, heat release rates, and CO₂ volume fractions. According to the experiments, it is found that the horizontal length of jet flame increases with the heat release rate under the same nozzle diameter. Additionally, the flame length initially increases with CO₂ concentration but then decreases. Based on an analysis of the buoyancy and momentum flux of the turbulent jet flame, a new correlation has been developed, which relates the horizontal flame length to the heat release rate and CO₂ volume fraction. This correlation can be served as a valuable reference for fire prevention and control in gas leakage fire scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminum dust concentration detection based on LSTM-Kalman filter","authors":"Jianxin Lu,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Haipeng Jiang,&nbsp;Zhongheng Nie,&nbsp;Fengyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial dust emissions present serious hazards, including respiratory issues and explosion risks. Traditional dust concentration detection methods are often compromised by environmental factors. This study introduces a novel FFT-KF-LSTM-NET model to predict high-concentration aluminum powder levels, utilizing 128 sets of electrostatic induction measurement data. By applying the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to eliminate low-frequency interference, integrating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for advanced time series analysis, and using the Kalman Filter (KF) for rapid model convergence, this approach significantly enhances prediction accuracy. The model achieves an 82% improvement in Mean Squared Error (MSE), reducing it to 0.1336, outperforming traditional methods. Furthermore, by modeling the voltage signal generated by charged dust particles in the electrostatic induction sensor's sensing area and using the first derivative of the voltage signal as a learning feature, the model's prediction speed is increased from 1.5 s-2 s–0.5 s, with improved anti-interference capabilities. These advancements position the FFT-KF-LSTM-NET model as a crucial tool for real-time, reliable dust concentration detection in industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathing of partially saturated headspaces in near-atmospheric storage tanks","authors":"Davide Moncalvo ,&nbsp;Michael Davies ,&nbsp;Nourou Alidou ,&nbsp;Reinhard Scholz ,&nbsp;Roman Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vapors in the gaseous headspaces of uninsulated near-atmospheric storage tanks contract and condense due to weather cooling by wind or precipitation. The latest editions of API 2000 and ISO 28300 standards recommend engineering reviews for uninsulated hot tanks. If those reviews are performed using the state-of-the-art literature models, headspaces are assumed saturated with vapors. However, vapors in the headspaces of tanks with frequent turnovers are seldom saturated, and condensation may be overestimated.</div><div>In this paper the authors present the first method to address thermal inbreathing of partially saturated single-component headspaces in near-atmospheric storage tanks. The comparison with available measurements from the open literature involving tanks with saturated headspaces infers that this simplified approach tends to minimize overestimation of the inbreathing requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-scale BLEVE: Near-field aerial shock overpressure and impulse","authors":"E.M. Laamarti ,&nbsp;A.M. Birk ,&nbsp;F. Heymes","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an investigation into one of the most damaging hazards associated with Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE), specifically focusing on the near-field overpressure and impulse effects. Experiments were conducted at a small-scale to study the overpressure and impulse using aluminum tubes with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 300 mm. The tubes were filled with pure propane liquid and vapor. The controlled variables, in this work included the failure pressure, the liquid fill level, and the weakened length along the tube top. These variables control the strength of the overpressure characterized by the peak overpressure amplitude, duration of this overpressure event, and the resultant impulse. Notably, these experiments at a small scale included experiments with a 100 % liquid fill level. This further confirmed that the vapor space is the main driver of the lead overpressure hazard. High-speed cameras and blast gauges effectively illustrated the progressive formation of the shock wave in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Furthermore, various predictive models available in the literature are discussed in this paper and new correlations were developed to quantify the overpressure duration and impulse. The current analysis aims to predict the potential consequences of overpressure events during a BLEVE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of integrated failure consequences of hazardous chemical leakage and explosion","authors":"Yong Kang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Xia ,&nbsp;Zhuang Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dangerous chemicals are widely present in various aspects of people's lives, but they often pose risks of leakage and explosion during transportation and storage, resulting in severe casualties and property damage. Firstly, this paper proposes a visualization method applicable to comprehensive failure consequences of hazardous chemical storage tanks. This method considers the toxic hazard range of chemical leaks and the blast overpressure injury range of leak clouds and visualizes the comprehensive failure consequences. Secondly, FLACS is employed to simulate a major leakage and explosion accident at Jinyu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. in Linyi City. The simulation reproduces the leakage and explosion processes and verifies the reliability of the simulation results. Finally, the proposed method is used to visualize the comprehensive failure consequences of this accident, providing comprehensive visual results. The method presented in this paper can serve as a theoretical reference for predicting the development of accidents and clarifying their consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rupture energy coupling of alkali washing tower cylinder","authors":"Jiaqi He ,&nbsp;Lijing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yangyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy generated by the container during the explosion induces destructive effects on the surrounding objects and itself, such as deformation, compression, rupture, etc. The explosive energy is one of the richest pieces of evidence in the analysis of the accident cause, and therefore a comprehensive analysis of the accident explosive energy is essential for determining accident properties. Considering the rupture accident of an alkali washing tower in an aromatic hydrocarbon plant as an example, the destructive energy and the rupture internal pressure are estimated to ascertain the explosive properties of the accident by analyzing the field damage characteristics. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis and calculation of the energy associated with an alkali washing tower rupture accident. The objective is to determine the cause of the accident, which can be attributed to the combined effect of wall thickness reduction and fluctuations of production process parameters. The findings of this analysis will serve as a scientific basis for the examination of similar accidents and the formulation of safety protection measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}