Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative classification of equipment protection level in concept of zone classification with downtime of protective measures","authors":"Teruhito Otsuka ,&nbsp;Satoru Mochida ,&nbsp;Takashi Furuya","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Handling flammable materials has a risk that can create explosive atmosphere. Such locations are classified as hazardous area, depending on the frequency and volume of explosive atmospheres. General electrical equipment is prohibited in the hazardous area and explosion protected equipment is used. These are the spatial isolation of ignition sources within the fire triangle, but even time isolation can prevent explosion hazards as well. It is proposed a method to classify zones from the calculation of downtime of protective measures based on failure rates and repair times of protective measures related to ventilation in explosive gas atmospheres with the Functional Safety under the time isolation concept. On the other hand, according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres, explosion protected equipment was also classified as an Equipment Protection Level, \"EPL\". The EPL should be selected according to the risk of the hazardous area. However, in IEC60079–14:2013, users can choose any EPL according to their risk assessment. In this paper, we clarify the quantitative risk difference of EPLs with expansion the idea of classifying hazardous area from the downtime of protective measures and introduce a means to quantitatively classify the EPL of equipment in an explosive gas atmosphere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the attractiveness of chemical and process facilities to terrorism using a situational crime prevention approach","authors":"Giulia Marroni ,&nbsp;Valeria Casson Moreno ,&nbsp;Alessia Tortolini ,&nbsp;Francesco Tamburini ,&nbsp;Gabriele Landucci","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As intentional attacks to industry have been on the rise in the last years, researchers and institutions put effort in addressing risks of industrial assets exposed to acts of interference. One of the key steps of security risk assessment is the evaluation of the attractiveness, i.e. determining which installation or part of it could be of interest to a potential attacker. As security concerns are intrinsically tied to human intention, attractiveness does not only depend on technical characteristics of the facility, but also on the type of threat and its geographic, economic, and socio-political context. Therefore, interdisciplinarity is among the key features of a team tasked with assessing attractiveness. This work is the result of the joint effort of Physical Sciences and Engineering experts and Social Sciences and Humanities experts, and it presents a methodology for the assessment of attractiveness of process facilities to physical terroristic attacks developed using a “terrorist thinking” approach. Technical factors such as plant layout and physical protection systems were combined with modern criminology principles (namely Situational Crime Prevention, i.e. how actors take advantage of situated opportunities to commit a crime) to obtain a comprehensive picture of the possible motives behind a physical terroristic attack to a chemical and process facility (meant as facilities where chemical substances are present and where chemical and/or physical processes occurs). The methodology was applied to a case study featuring facilities located in a critical context; a ranking among facilities was obtained, and the robustness of the results was tested through a Monte Carlo-based uncertainty analysis. The results revealed that it is not possible to obtain a clear ranking of critical facilities accounting only for technical or non-technical factors, but both are necessary. The method developed was demonstrated easy to apply and could be used not only by plant security managers, but also by Institutions and Governments to prioritize critical assets in threatening contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties on thermal risk and production assessment: Application to the hydrogenation of levulinic acid and butyl levulinate","authors":"Lujie Shi ,&nbsp;Younes Aoues ,&nbsp;Sébastien Leveneur","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrogenation of levulinates, derivatives from cellulose hydrolysis, leads to the platform molecule γ-valerolactone (GVL). While prior investigations indicate the propensity for thermal runaways in this reaction, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been conspicuously absent in the existing literature. This study endeavors to scrutinize the influence of input parameters on both thermal risks and the production rate during GVL synthesis. Distinguished by its dual focus on sensitivity analyses, this manuscript also contrasts the implications of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties on thermal risk and production metrics. Aleatory uncertainties arise from the inherent variability of initial conditions, while epistemic uncertainties emanate from incomplete knowledge of the kinetic model. Employing Sobol global sensitivity analysis on the kinetic model, we delineate the hierarchical importance of various parameters. This analysis incorporates a quantification of uncertainty, and algorithmic approaches are proffered. The findings reveal that the initial temperature, the initial mass of the Ru/C catalyst, and hydrogen pressure are pivotal factors that are directly proportional to thermal risk and production efficiency. The implications of uncertainty on these variables are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950423024000755/pdfft?md5=bc9118c66eefacb82cd746d131f868bb&pid=1-s2.0-S0950423024000755-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel risk analysis method for hazardous cargo operations at port integrating the HFLC model and DEMATEL method","authors":"Junwen Ma,&nbsp;An Zhang,&nbsp;Changhong Tang,&nbsp;Wenhao Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of maritime chemical and industrial trade has led to the large-scale hazardous cargo operations at port, making it essential to conduct risk analysis to analyze the risk factors affecting port safety and prevent the occurrence of accident. However, the complex interrelationships among risk factors in hazardous cargo operations and the uncertainties in the risk analysis process pose significant challenges to the effectiveness of risk analysis results. To this end, this paper proposes an integrated risk analysis method for hazardous cargo operations at port based on the hesitant fuzzy linguistic cloud (HFLC) model and the DEMATEL method. Firstly, 20 risks related to hazardous cargo operations are determined based on accident analysis and previous literatures. The HFLC model is then applied to characterize the linguistic judgements with uncertainty provided by the experts on the different risk factors. Next, the DEMATEL method is extended to the HFLC environment and utilized to calculate the centrality degree and causality degree of different risk factors in the form of HFLC. Finally, ten factors for cause group and effect group are identified separately, and the critical influence relationships between the factors are determined. This study can assist port managers in mitigating the risks of hazardous cargo operations at port, and can also serve as a crucial basis for the formulation of management decision-making and emergency response strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction model of continuous discharge coefficient from tank based on KPCA-DE-SVR","authors":"Juanxia He ,&nbsp;Liwen Huang ,&nbsp;Yao Xiao ,&nbsp;Wen Li ,&nbsp;Jiamei Yin ,&nbsp;Qingshan Duan ,&nbsp;Linna Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The discharge of hazardous liquids from storage tanks poses a serious threat to the surrounding environment and humans in consideration of the potential risk of catastrophic fire and explosion. Hence, it is essential to precisely predict discharge coefficient of a continuous leakage to benefit risk assessment and management and accident prevention. This study proposed a prediction model using a hybrid KPCA-DE-SVR algorithm for the discharge coefficient for sustaining discharge (<em>C</em>_s). It was developed based on experimental data of a continuous discharge. The Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) algorithm was applied to reduce redundant variables to improve data quality; the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm was employed to optimize the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model to improve the generalization ability of model; and the SVR algorithm was utilized for both training and testing in order to construct the prediction model of <em>C</em>_s. Compared with the prediction performance of four models (SVR, KPCA-SVR, KPCA-GA-SVR, and KPCA-DE-SVR), it was found that the KPCA-DE-SVR model had the highest prediction accuracy (<em>MAE</em> = 0.0211, <em>RMSE</em> = 0.0006, <em>R</em>² = 0.9649). This study provides an important technical insight for improving the prediction accuracy of <em>C</em>_s from a continuous discharge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of safety culture analysis program: First online safety culture quantitative analysis and assessment system in China","authors":"Xie Xuecai ,&nbsp;Fu Gui ,&nbsp;Shi Zhao ,&nbsp;Tong Ruipeng ,&nbsp;Tong Wenqing ,&nbsp;Lyu Qian ,&nbsp;Wang Yuxin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To promote safety culture assessment, this paper developed China's first online safety culture analysis and evaluation system—<em>Safety Culture Analysis Program</em> (SCAP). SCAP is based on the 32 safety culture elements in the 24Model and provides two login methods: web version and WeChat mini program. It can meet the needs of individuals, groups, and enterprises to conduct safety culture assessments anytime and anywhere and provide convenience for universities to conduct safety culture experiments. The application of SCAP showed that (1) SCAP has rich functions and is highly scientific and universal. (2) The SCAP can output assessment results according to categories, such as total, personnel, safety culture elements, and individual employee requirements, which can be compared with the highest and lowest values stored in the system. This makes it easy for intuitively understanding the current evaluation status. (3) The suggestion report generated by SCAP can help assessment units improve safety culture in a targeted manner and form a dynamic mechanism cycle of “construction-evaluation-construction.” (4) In the future, SCAP will be employed in designing more targeted questions based on the characteristics of different industries and fields to balance the adaptability and specificity of the industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on the relationship between accident ratio of machinery, metal, and non-metal mineral product manufacturing and improvement ratio of risk factors classified according to the KRAS","authors":"Ho Houng Yu ,&nbsp;Doo Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Sung Chul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, 76.6% of businesses in South Korea that are required to appoint safety managers have outsourced their safety management tasks to specialized safety management institutions. As a result, the role of these institutions is crucial. However, these institutions lack standardized inspection items for workplaces, and there are no specific regulations that enforce the improvement of identified risk factors in the submitted inspection reports. This leads to a low improvement rate and a lack of reduction in the accident rate. This study focuses on 10 businesses in the machinery, metallic, and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing industry in the southern region of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Over a period of three years, the contents of inspection reports submitted by these businesses were classified into six categories: mechanical factors, electrical factors, chemical(substance) factors, biological factors, task-specific factors, and work environment factors, according to the Korea risk assessment system(KRAS) classification. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to find out the relationship between the improvement rate and the accident rate. The results of the regression analysis confirmed that the improvement rate of risk factors provided by specialized safety management institutions significantly affects the accident rate in the workplace. The correlation analysis results indicate a significant correlation between the improvement rates and accident rates of the five factors excluding biological factors for which no inspection items were identified. Based on these findings, the study identified inspection items within the reports that had a low improvement rate and were repeatedly pointed out. Additionally, priority improvement items were derived based on the industry's characteristics. This study proposes checklists that can be utilized for safety inspections in the machinery, metallic, and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing industry. It is expected that by utilizing these safety inspection checklists, the accident rate in these workplaces can be reduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140542991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of explosion impact on the electrical performance and appearance of lithium-ion battery","authors":"Wei-Qing Peng,&nbsp;Song Guo,&nbsp;Zi-Wen Gao,&nbsp;Zi Wang,&nbsp;Jiao Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the effect of the overpressure and incidence angle of shock waves on lithium-ion battery with various states of charge was studied, and the changes of electrical performance and appearance were measured accordingly. The result shows that the compression from shock wave can lead to the voltage going up and the internal resistance and capacity down; the elevated magnitude of the lithium-ion battery voltage goes up with the state of charge decreasing; the voltage increases and the internal resistance decreases with the overpressure increasing; the magnitude of battery capacity descent depends significantly on the severity of rupture disk cracking, and the capacity declines drastically corresponding to the complete failure of rupture disk; the cracked severity of rupture disk from oblique compression displays more than that from horizontal impact of shock wave; compared to 37Ah batteries, 50Ah batteries have higher safety valve damage thresholds and destruction thresholds, but are more prone to bulging. The conclusions will be of value to the establishment of safety standards for lithium-ion battery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting possible recommendations related to causes and consequences in the HAZOP study worksheet using natural language processing and machine learning: BERT, clustering, and classification","authors":"Ali Ekramipooya ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Boroushaki ,&nbsp;Davood Rashtchian","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A set of recommendations is one of the most valuable outputs of the hazard and operability (HAZOP) study. The HAZOP study team provides recommendations when deficiencies are detected in the chemical process plant. These deficiencies can cause chemical process accidents and operability issues. This study employed a data-driven approach using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) to predict potential recommendations based on causes and consequences. The dataset had no label; thus, clustering was used to label it. Firstly, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) converted recommendation sentences into vectors. Secondly, uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN) were utilized to determine recommendation categories and label the dataset. Then, BERT was used to convert causes and consequences into vectors. Finally, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier was employed to predict possible recommendations based on causes and consequences. The class imbalance problem was handled by random over-sampling. The prediction accuracy of possible recommendations based on causes and consequences equals 93.7% and 89.5%, respectively. As a result of predicting potential recommendations utilizing causes and consequences, major recommendations will not be overlooked during the HAZOP study. This can further expand NLP and ML applications in HAZOP study automation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effects of confined space opening pressure and ignition energy on the explosion flame of AlSi10Mg dust","authors":"Siheng Sun ,&nbsp;Chonglin Xing ,&nbsp;Yuangang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yang Hu ,&nbsp;Lei Pang ,&nbsp;Longzhe Jin ,&nbsp;Huanjuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of dust explosion experiments were conducted using a minimum ignition energy experimental device to investigate the explosion flame of AlSi10Mg dust and its influencing factors. The microscopic morphology of the AlSi10Mg dust explosion flame was captured using a high-speed camera, and the effects on flame characteristics were observed by varying the confined space opening pressure and ignition energy. The results indicated that when the Hartmann tube was in a closed state, the maximum instantaneous rate of flame initially increased and then decreased with increased opening pressure. Conversely, the maximum instantaneous flame rate decreased initially and then increased with an increased ignition energy. The experimental results were valuable for preventing dust explosions in industrial production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}