Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Effect of debris mixing on ignition and propagation of dust clouds in fine rice husk","authors":"Jinglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Zhenguo Du ,&nbsp;Shikai Bao ,&nbsp;Chang Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunmiao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the associated product of rice husk dust, large particles of crushed brown rice (abbreviated as debris) are widely found in grain dust processing and transportation industry. The rice husk dust is combined with huge pieces of debris, which can reduce the consequences of dust explosion in the mixed dust cloud. Debris added at a 70 % ratio considerably slows the spread of flames. However, at 500 g/m³ of dust cloud concentration, including a 10 % percentage of debris increases the average flame spread velocity (AFSV) by 16.9 % and the maximum flame spread velocity (MFSV) by 33.3 %. This intensify phenomenon persists across varying dust cloud concentrations. Tests on the dispersibility of blended dust clouds revealed that fine dust particles that have been adsorbed on top of bigger particles typically stripped off upon lifted, increasing the blended dust cloud's dispersibility. This leads to the formation of a dust cloud system with efficiently smaller particle sizes, consequently resulting in an increase in flame spread velocity (FSV). Moreover, owing to the enhanced dispersibility of the dust cloud due to the inclusion of larger particles, the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of rice husk dust clouds decreases. Analysis of the angle of repose (AOR) and Hausner ratio (HR) indicates that the incorporation of larger particles improves the flowability of the blended dust cloud, thereby increasing the risk of dust explosions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk analysis of urban low-pressure natural gas networks based on hybrid dynamic Bayesian networks","authors":"Yangfan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianchun Fan ,&nbsp;Baoqian Dai ,&nbsp;Shengnan Wu ,&nbsp;Rujun Wang ,&nbsp;Xinwei Yin ,&nbsp;Bingbing Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the accelerating pace of urbanization, natural gas has become an increasingly vital component of urban energy supply due to its status as a clean energy source. As the \"last mile\" of gas transportation, the reliability of low-pressure natural gas pipeline networks directly affects both the quality of life for urban residents and public safety. However, these networks face numerous uncertainties, such as equipment aging, environmental changes, and operational errors, all of which pose significant safety risks. To effectively assess the risk level of urban natural gas networks and enhance their reliability, this paper proposes a risk analysis approach based on a hybrid Dynamic Bayesian Network for urban low-pressure natural gas pipeline systems. First, failure data from an urban low-pressure network is statistically analyzed to identify operational characteristics and potential failure factors, leading to the establishment of a comprehensive risk analysis index system. Then, combining the dynamic Bayesian network model with an improved failure probability model with historical accident data, real-time monitoring data, and expert experience, the proposed approach dynamically updates the network's safety status, predicting the failure probability trend over future time periods and tracing critical weak points in the network. Furthermore, through an integrated reliability evaluation, targeted optimization strategies and improvement measures are proposed to ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of the low-pressure natural gas network. This study provides theoretical support and technical solutions for enhancing the safety and reliability of urban natural gas pipeline systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the explosion suppression effect of foam fire extinguishing agents on methane/air explosions under obstacle current limiting conditions","authors":"Shiwei Li ,&nbsp;Chang Lu ,&nbsp;Zhongchao Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;Bei Pei ,&nbsp;Rongkun Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the suppression effects on gas explosion under the synergistic action of obstacles with varying blockage rates and foam extinguishing agents, a series of experimental studies were conducted. The comparison and analysis of blast mitigation performance were carried out by varying the spray positions of different foam extinguishing agents under blockage rates of 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %. The results indicate that due to the throttling compression effect of obstacles on explosion flames and their retention blockage effect on foam, better blast mitigation is achieved when foam extinguishing agents are sprayed downstream of the obstacles, with greater blockage rates and shorter distances between the spray nozzles and the obstacles. When foamed fire extinguishing agents are sprayed upstream of obstacles, a higher blockage rate of the obstacle and a greater distance from the nozzle to the obstacle result in a broader foam suppression zone, more effective interaction between the foam agents and the explosive flame, and better explosion suppression performance. Additionally, the foam agents can absorb the high temperatures generated by the explosion, effectively reducing overpressure and the peak rate of pressure rise. However, the position where the foam fire extinguishing agents are sprayed significantly influences the rate of flame propagation during the explosion; when sprayed upstream of the obstacle, the suspended foam causes earlier turbulence in the explosive flame, increasing the flame propagation rate. Conversely, spraying downstream of the obstacle can effectively lower the flame propagation rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-factor coupling risk assessment method in relation to coal mine gas explosion","authors":"Huimin Guo,&nbsp;Shugang Li,&nbsp;Lianhua Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coal mine gas explosion accident is due to the interaction of risk factors. Considering the weaknesses in the multi-factor coupling risk measurement and control in the evolution process of gas explosion accidents, this study proposes a multi-factor coupling risk measurement method for gas explosion employing case analysis, on-site investigation, and theoretical research. Firstly, the grounded theory was used to analyze 125 cases of large and above gas explosion accidents, and a gas explosion risk assessment index system was established. Then, combined with the risk coupling theory, the interaction between risk factors was analyzed, and a multi-factor coupling risk assessment model for gas explosion based on the C-OWA operator and interaction matrix was constructed. Finally, the coal mine is selected for on-site inspection and application. The results show that the calculation results of the assessment model are consistent with the actual situation on site, which has certain rationality and feasibility. In addition, this method can avoid the occurrence of gas explosion accidents since the single risk factor does not break through the threshold, and the coupling risk value exceeds the system threshold, which plays an important role in the advanced control and prediction of coal mine gas explosion risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared and visible image fusion algorithm for fire scene environment perception","authors":"Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haibin Meng ,&nbsp;Haowei Yao ,&nbsp;Zhen Lou ,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang ,&nbsp;Fengju Shang ,&nbsp;Jiaqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fire scene environment is characterized by harsh factors such as high temperatures and dense smoke, which result in poor visual effects for single infrared and visible light images. Existing methods for the fusion of infrared and visible light images have been found to be less effective in “fire scene” environments, suffering from difficulties in capturing global information and insufficient extraction of cross-modal features. To address these issues, this paper proposes an algorithm for the fusion of infrared and visible light images that combines CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) with Mult-Head Transformer, effectively enhancing the quality of the fused images. The proposed fusion algorithm was experimentally validated on a self-compiled “fire scene” dataset against multiple comparative algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion algorithm has clear advantages over existing fusion methods in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics. Furthermore, ablation experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed joint encoder and fusion strategy. Using the YOLOv8s recognition algorithm for target detection, the results of target detection in the fused images were compared with those in the original infrared and visible light images. The experimental outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the proposed fusion algorithm in the task of infrared-visible light image fusion, significantly improving target recognition in fire scene environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid mixture explosions in an industrial polymer production process","authors":"Anton Schrader ,&nbsp;Katherine Axani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alauddin ,&nbsp;Alison Scott ,&nbsp;Chris Cloney ,&nbsp;Paul Amyotte","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents research on the explosibility of industrial high-density polyethylene (HDPE) dust. Experiments were conducted to investigate the explosion behaviour of the HDPE dust as well as of HDPE/ethylene hybrid mixtures. The dust explosion results further emphasize the importance of avoidance of accumulation of fine particles, as finer samples had lower explosion likelihood and higher explosion severity parameters. Hybrid mixture explosion data is presented in the form of explosion regime diagrams, which can assist process operators and designers to promote the inherently safer transfer of polymer particles. Finally, inherently safer approaches to dust explosion prevention and mitigation in relation to the results of this study have been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the SPRi method in safety and security applications","authors":"Dominik Jursa ,&nbsp;Michal Lesnák ,&nbsp;Lucie Kralova ,&nbsp;Marek Miskay ,&nbsp;Karla Barcova","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is emerging as an important tool in security, particularly for detecting a wide range of hazardous substances. It enables rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial toxins, pathogens, biomarkers, chemicals, and narcotics. Studies have confirmed its effectiveness in identifying substances with bioterrorism potential—such as anthrax and botulinum toxin—as well as pesticides, nerve agents, and drugs in body fluids. Compared to traditional analytical methods, SPR offers a faster, cheaper, and simpler alternative with high reproducibility. This article provides an overview of SPR applications in security and highlights its potential for protecting public health and preventing bioterrorism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Arrhenius reaction rate based burning model for simulation of dust explosions","authors":"Bjørn J. Arntzen ,&nbsp;Melodía Lucas ,&nbsp;Maryam Ghaffari","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The handling of combustible dust poses inherent risks, potentially leading to dust explosions whose strength and consequences hinge on various factors. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of dust explosions can effectively incorporate these factors, contributing to the design of safer processes and equipment. The FLACS DustEx CFD code has demonstrated notable efficacy in simulating explosions in organic dusts such as maize starch, even in substantial structures like a 236-m³ silo. This code, formerly known as DESC, has been utilized by multiple industries for over a decade. The accurate functioning of the DustEx code relies on the combustion properties of the dust, influenced by factors like dust concentration and particle size. These crucial properties are derived from <em>P</em>_max and (<em>dP/dt</em>)_<em>max</em> values obtained through standardized experimental tests conducted in 20-L and 1-m³ environments.</div><div>The enhanced combustion modeling in DustEx comprises three key components. First, the burning rate is linked to an Arrhenius reaction rate based on the product temperature. Second, the impact of particle size distribution and dust concentration on the burning rate is considered by making it a function of the total surface area of all particles. Third, a substantial database at Gexcon is leveraged to formulate the burning rate model across a spectrum of dust types, particle sizes, and dust concentrations. These models are fine-tuned through optimization using least square fitting to align with experimental data.</div><div>In contrast to previous iterations of DustEx, which necessitated experimental tests for all combinations of dust concentrations and particle size distributions for each dust sample, the new models significantly reduce the need for such extensive testing. This innovation facilitates a more streamlined process, wherein experimental testing of dusts before CFD simulations can be minimized. The efficacy of these new models has been validated through simulations of large-scale explosion experiments, as well as experiments conducted in 20-L and 1 m³ spherical bombs. This comprehensive testing approach ensures the reliability and applicability of the improved combustion model across a range of scenarios and conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 105638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution law of selfish psychology in evacuating crowd and its influence on emergency escape","authors":"Jinghong Wang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Sisi Sun,&nbsp;Ran Ye,&nbsp;Jialin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical parks possess unique high-risk attributes and catastrophic characteristics of accident consequences. Beyond the immediate casualties, the non-adaptive psychological behaviors of individuals often lead to more severe casualties. During the evacuation process in chemical accidents, the evolution of the crowd's psychological state, especially the development of selfishness and its impact mechanism on evacuation, still require in-depth research. In this study, AnyLogic was used to develop a system dynamics model of selfish psychological transmission, and parameter values pertaining to environmental attributes, crowd interactions, and group emotional development variables was established. The simulation analyzes the correlation between evacuees' psychological states and critical evacuation parameters, revealing the impact of evolving selfish psychology on the evacuation process under the interaction of various circumstances. The results indicate that when the panic level remains below 0.4, evacuation resources significantly influence the prevalence of pathological selfishness. As the availability of evacuation resources diminishes, a growing proportion of individuals exhibit pathological selfishness, resulting in a substantial increase in group competition rates, which can escalate up to 52.83 %. Moreover, increasing the help probability effectively suppresses the emergence of pathological selfishness and fosters cooperative behavior among pedestrians until 0.8. Notably, enhancing the level of social identity within the group facilitates the transition from pathological selfishness to adaptive selfishness, thereby effectively reducing competition rates. The influence of selfish psychology leads to an inequitable use of exits during evacuation. The crowding and competitive actions of pathologically selfish evacuees at exits can obstruct evacuation. This work elucidates the transmission mechanism of evacuation selfishness and could help disaster management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, comprehensive characterization and comparative flame retardancy analysis of three metal-organic frameworks incorporated into epoxy resin","authors":"Qi Cheng ,&nbsp;Chongyang Du ,&nbsp;Haonan Song ,&nbsp;Tingting Chen ,&nbsp;Yong Pan ,&nbsp;Juncheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resin (EP), a prevalent thermoset material, is renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. However, its high flammability and toxic smoke emission pose significant concerns, necessitating the enhancement of its flame retardancy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their reticulated structures and porous characteristics, exhibit superior thermal insulation and adsorption properties. Through comparative experiments, we aim to optimize MOF flame retardant formulations to bolster the flame resistance of EP and then enhance its fire safety. In this work, Cu-MOF, Fe-MOF, and Co-MOF were successfully synthesized at room temperature for meeting the requirements of intrinsic safety and then incorporated into EP at a 5 wt% loading to create advanced EP/MOFs composites. The investigation revealed that all three MOFs effectively elevated the limiting oxygen index and reduced smoke density rating of EP. Notably, EP/Co-MOF stood out in suppressing smoke and heat release, with reductions of 40.5 % in peak specific heat release rate (PSPR), 26.4 % in total smoke production (TSP), and 44.4 % in peak heat release rate (pHRR) compared to EP. Furthermore, EP/Co-MOF demonstrated superior compatibility compared to EP/Cu-MOF and EP/Fe-MOF, mitigating mechanical degradation. Consequently, Co-MOF emerges as a promising flame retardant and smoke suppressant for EP, showcasing significant application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}