Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the laminar burning velocity of various battery vent gases emitted during the thermal runaway of Li-ion cells","authors":"Paola Russo,&nbsp;Sofia Ubaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology across energy storage and transportation sectors raises significant safety concerns due to potential fire and explosion risks. Thermal runaway (TR) events in LIBs can release flammable gases, thereby posing heightened fire hazards. However, data on the flammability characteristics of gases emitted during thermal failure remain limited. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the laminar burning velocity (S_u), a key safety parameter, using both experimental and modeling approaches to understand the influence of cell chemistry on LIB behavior. Three commercial cylindrical cells—Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (NCA), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)—were tested at a 100 % state of charge (SoC). Cells were subjected to controlled heating at a rate of 5 °C/min in a laboratory setup equipped with Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and a micro-GC for real-time gas analysis. Major battery vent gas (BVG) components detected during TR event included H₂, CH₄, CO, CO₂, HF, and vapours of electrolyte solvents like dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethylene carbonate (EC).</div><div>The S_u values were calculated using a one-dimensional laminar premixed flame model within the CHEMKIN software, with continuous gas monitoring throughout the entire thermal failure event. These calculations considered different BVG compositions during specific phases—venting, TR, and overall event phases—each critical depending on cell chemistry. For NCA cells, the TR phase exhibited the most critical BVG composition, while for LFP and NMC cells, the venting phase proved more critical, largely due to H₂ emissions. Furthermore, the effect of TR-induced temperature on S_u was evaluated through simulations conducted at 25 °C, 150 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C at 1 atm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of temperature and oxygen in spontaneous combustion process of cylindrical coal bunker","authors":"Jingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Kexin Xing ,&nbsp;Jiajia Song ,&nbsp;Shiping Lu ,&nbsp;Tinghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Chi-Min Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cylindrical coal bunker is widely utilized in coal mining sites because of its relatively sound ventilation conditions and short storage of time. It is mainly used to store coal samples for a long time or temporarily. However, based on the current research results, studies into the variation of spontaneous combustion temperature and oxygen concentration is relatively few, and so further research on typical cylindrical coal bunkers is needed. To that end, this study was conducted to look into the shortcomings of the existing test device associated with coal storage in cylindrical coal bunkers, according to the characteristics of actual coal storage in mines, and so an experimental system for spontaneous combustion evolution of coal bunkers was built independently. The Zijing coal sample from Luoyang, Henan Province, was chosen as the research object, the temporal and spatial changes of transverse and longitudinal temperature in the process of spontaneous combustion of coal (SCC) bunker were tested, and the development stage of SCC bunker was divided. Furthermore, an ananlysis of the variation trend of oxygen concentration and oxygen consumption rate at each measuring point in different stages of coal bunker spontaneous combustion was made. The results demonstrated that the spontaneous combustion process of coal bunker were divided into the stages of slow heating, rapid heating, constant temperature, rapid cooling, and slow cooling. Besides, when the air leakage occurred at the position of the coal outlet, the lower coal body could gradually spontaneously combust. In the process of temperature migration, the high temperature points were mainly concentrated in the middle and lower part of the coal bunker, and the temperature of the second layer of coal body tended to reach 655.7 °C. The spontaneous combustion of the lower coal body formed internal voids and was in a high temperature state for a long time. The lowest coal sample in the coal bunker was observed to basically maintain between 400 and 600 °C in the constant temperature stage. The coal sample near the lower air leakage port had a fast combustion rate and a low peak temperature. The duration of the cooling stage was different due to the different oxidation degree of the coal body. The research results have vital theoretical guiding significance for the prevention and control of coal bunker's spontaneous combustion disaster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage-mutation mode of premixed methane-air explosions in a small-L/D vented vessel","authors":"Zehua Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Lv ,&nbsp;Dunyu Liu ,&nbsp;Tonghao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Li ,&nbsp;Ming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited experimental data has led to significant gaps in understanding gas-explosion damage modes in small L/D vessels or constructions. To address this, we developed a novel two-dimensional gas explosion system. In a typical L-shaped vessel, we investigated 10 vol% methane-air explosions under varying vent-ignition conditions and low failure pressures. Influenced by the L-shaped space and vent-ignition relationship, combustion and pressure exhibit strong coupling and mutual reinforcement. Two newly identified flame mutation modes enhance the burning damage of gas explosions. Flame return driven by a pressure gradient, which depends on the volume of unburnt premixed gas, intensifies local combustion and amplifies overpressure, particularly at short vent-ignition distances. Flame collision between two flame fronts, under conditions of abundant unburnt premixed gas and short vent-ignition distances, generates intense turbulence and produces violent combustion. The long vent-ignition distance and L-shaped space mitigate the Helmholtz oscillation while amplifying the overpressure peak <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. The violent combustion caused by the flame collision dramatically increases <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mn>4</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. These atypical peaks, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mn>4</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, further exacerbate the overpressure damage. These findings demonstrate that under specific vent-ignition conditions, flame mutation modes can increase the overpressure peak by up to 141 %, underscoring their crucial role in the investigation and prevention of gas explosion incidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and chemical kinetics research on the suppression of hydrogen explosion by CO2, N2, and He","authors":"Xinyu Chang ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Ge ,&nbsp;Yuanfang Li ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrogen energy industry holds significant potential for future development, but the inherent hazardous properties of hydrogen make it highly susceptible to explosion risks during production, transportation, and storage. Studies have shown that the addition of inert gases can effectively suppress H₂-air explosions. This study aims to enhance comprehension of the inhibitory mechanisms of inert gases. It achieves this by utilizing both experimental methodologies and computational simulations to analyze the damping effects of CO₂, N₂, and He on H₂-air explosions comparatively. From an experimental standpoint, the greater specific heat capacity of inert gases allows them to absorb heat more effectively from the reaction zone, which explains this phenomenon. Additionally, by reducing the laminar burning velocity, the addition of inert gases extends the duration of the explosion. This prolongation is positively correlated with heat loss, resulting in a greater overall heat dissipation. CHEMKIN simulation results suggest that CO₂ suppresses reactive free radicals more effectively than N₂ and He, making its inhibitory effect on hydrogen explosions stronger. Additionally, CO₂ more effectively suppresses elementary reactions and promotes the specific negative elementary reaction R99. Moreover, CO₂ also demonstrates a stronger inhibitory effect on the elementary reaction R84, which governs the conversion of H₂ to H₂O. This study advances the theoretical framework for hydrogen explosion suppression while also offering essential technical guidance for implementing gas explosion suppression technologies, highlighting its significant importance for hydrogen energy safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD simulation of turbulent diffusion and phase transition of methanol spray in a 20L spherical vessel","authors":"Feng Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Shucheng Guo ,&nbsp;Xuhai Pan ,&nbsp;Juncheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The atomization process of flammable liquids occurs across various aspects of chemical industry production. Atomized droplets dispersed into the surrounding environment significantly enhance their risk, as the resulting fuel-air mixture requires minimal energy for ignition. Methanol, a widely used chemical feedstock, poses significant explosion risks due to its high volatility and flammability. The spray explosion behavior of flammable liquids is commonly studied experimentally using a standard 20L spherical explosion vessel. Recently, CFD simulations have emerged as a cost-effective and reliable approach for predicting particle behavior with high accuracy. In this study, the numerical simulation of methanol spray in a 20L spherical vessel utilized the DPM model. The continuous and discrete phases adhere to the Euler-Lagrange approach, employing two-way coupling and incorporating phase changes of methanol droplets upon entering the vessel. The numerical model was validated using experimental data of pressure and velocity variations over time. The spatial distributions of velocity, streamline patterns, particle trajectories, and turbulent kinetic energy (<em>TKE</em>) were examined under various ignition delay times. The correlation between the gas-phase methanol distribution after phase change and the temperature field was investigated. The results indicate that during the initial spray stage, the 20L spherical vessel exhibits a distinct spray diffusion behavior. Strong turbulence regions were observed near the nozzle outlet and in the central axis of the vertical jet. The <em>TKE</em> at the vessel center varied with ignition delay time, conforming to a Sigmoidal-Boltzmann fit. The gas-phase methanol distribution within the vessel exhibited a strong correlation with the temperature field. After 120 ms, both the gas-phase methanol distribution and temperature field achieved a steady state, with methanol droplets uniformly distributed and turbulence levels relatively low. Ignition at this stage can effectively prevent issues such as reduced fuel concentration and incomplete combustion resulting from uneven fuel-air mixing or droplet settling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the mechanisms of non-adaptive psychological emotional contagion and evacuation behavior in chemical parks","authors":"Ran Ye ,&nbsp;Yong Pan ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Hongcheng Lu ,&nbsp;Jinghong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the ongoing expansion and advancement of chemical parks have led to a significant increase in the frequency of chemical accidents, which pose a substantial threat to both public safety and property. However, the majority of casualties are not caused directly by the accidents themselves, but rather by extreme behaviors triggered by non-adaptive psychological responses during the evacuation process. Consequently, this study examines the influence of maladaptive psychological emotional contagion on the emergency evacuation processes within chemical parks. Initially, the mechanisms underlying emotional contagion caused by maladaptive psychological responses during evacuation are analyzed. A system dynamics model of pedestrian emotional contagion is constructed using the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) framework, which quantitatively assesses the influence of various factors on the emotional contagion process while exploring the dynamic behavior of emotional contagion within a crowd. The study reveals that increased environmental familiarity with the results in a reduction in the intensity of emotional contagion; as the severity of the disaster spread, the pace of emotional contagion accelerates, and contagion between pedestrians intensifies; furthermore, as the intervention of emergency personnel increases, the number of Recovered significantly rises, though the growth rate eventually diminishes. Additionally, early intervention proves effective in mitigating emotional contagion; however, as the intensity of the intervention rises, its efficacy diminishes. By simulating a real chemical park evacuation scenario, the study demonstrates that moderate panic can enhance evacuation efficiency, while confirming the trend of environmental familiarity in real-world scenarios. This paper offers theoretical insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of maladaptive psychological emotional contagion, while providing guidance for the formulation of effective evacuation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The holistic process sustainability index framework","authors":"Mitchell Huffman,&nbsp;Qingsheng Wang,&nbsp;Faisal Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world population now exceeds 8 billion people, and the demand for goods, energy, services, and food continues to grow. As large-scale processes meet these demands, sustainability becomes ever more vital for the long-term health of humans and the environment. To promote the most sustainable solutions in decision-making, there must be a means of comparing the sustainability of different processes. A quantitative measure of sustainability would allow for internal benchmarking, design assessment, and regulatory guidance. Therefore, the Holistic Process Sustainability Index (HPSI) framework is proposed, which provides a basis for translating the qualitative nature of sustainability into a quantitative form. This framework seeks to address the lack of process safety considerations in sustainability assessment and the lack of quantified connections between triple bottom line pillars. The foundation of this framework is established using an expanded triple bottom line: economics, environment, society, and safety are the key pillars. Indicators were then established to reflect the driving forces, pressures, states, exposures, and effects toward process sustainability. These indicators were analyzed using interpretive structural modeling to understand how indicators within one pillar of sustainability affect those from other pillars. The application of the framework was demonstrated through the development of the HPSI. Therefore, the proposed framework provides the basis for a dynamic sustainability metric that considers sustainability's economic, environmental, societal, and safety aspects while properly accounting for the interrelations between these different aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenario deduction of explosion accident based on fuzzy dynamic Bayesian network","authors":"Fuqiang Lu,&nbsp;Fan Meng,&nbsp;Hualing Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to effectively tackle dynamic and uncertain challenges related to hazardous chemical accidents' occurrence and progression, this research establishes a model for identifying scenario elements in hazardous chemical explosion incidents based on crucial scenario states, vulnerable environmental conditions, emergency responses, and evolving objectives during these incidents. Subsequently applying this model to dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) modeling enables integration of triangular fuzzy set theory into DBN methodology for constructing a fuzzy dynamic Bayesian network (FDBN) specific to hazardous chemical accidents. Additionally leveraging complex networking expertise allows conducting sensitivity analyses along with critical node assessments pertaining to impact factor nodes associated with disaster-prone environments as well as emergency responses. The findings demonstrate that computed probabilities within this simulated scenario network align with actual occurrences of these incidents while also simulating their evolutionary trajectories across diverse disaster-prone settings alongside various emergency response scenarios. Moreover, this investigation identifies pivotal influencing factors including ambient surroundings as well as firefighting capabilities thereby furnishing essential decision support for managing such emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the occurrence path and prediction of unsafe behaviours of hazardous chemical storage personnel","authors":"Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Mengqi Zhang,&nbsp;Mushan Li,&nbsp;Yuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The storage of hazardous chemicals is a high-risk area prone to accidents, which can result in severe environmental pollution, endanger personnel safety, and cause significant economic losses. By applying an improved HFACS model, tailored for hazardous chemical storage and combined with Bayesian methods, a more effective analysis of unsafe behaviour in personnel can be achieved. First, a model for analysing unsafe behaviour in hazardous chemical storage was developed, and 14 relevant factors were identified. Parameter learning was then conducted to preliminarily determine key nodes. Next, the mutual information matrix was calculated, and sensitivity analysis was performed to update the model. Path analysis was then employed to examine the impact of various factors on three types of unsafe behaviour: skill-based errors, decision errors, and violations. Finally, posterior probabilities were calculated to illustrate the unsafe behaviour analysis method. Violations are significantly influenced by the organisational climate, skill-based errors are more affected by the technical environment, and decision errors are primarily influenced by inadequate supervision and poor operational planning. In hazardous chemical storage working scenarios, attention should be focused on improving the technical environment to prevent skill-based errors, addressing inadequate supervision and operational planning to avoid decision errors, and improving the organisational climate to prevent violations. This study presents a methodology, applicable to the hazardous chemical storage industry, that predicts potential unsafe behaviour based on certain factors and provides insights into the causes of accidents that may not be clearly identified in accident analysis reports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of debris mixing on ignition and propagation of dust clouds in fine rice husk","authors":"Jinglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Zhenguo Du ,&nbsp;Shikai Bao ,&nbsp;Chang Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunmiao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the associated product of rice husk dust, large particles of crushed brown rice (abbreviated as debris) are widely found in grain dust processing and transportation industry. The rice husk dust is combined with huge pieces of debris, which can reduce the consequences of dust explosion in the mixed dust cloud. Debris added at a 70 % ratio considerably slows the spread of flames. However, at 500 g/m³ of dust cloud concentration, including a 10 % percentage of debris increases the average flame spread velocity (AFSV) by 16.9 % and the maximum flame spread velocity (MFSV) by 33.3 %. This intensify phenomenon persists across varying dust cloud concentrations. Tests on the dispersibility of blended dust clouds revealed that fine dust particles that have been adsorbed on top of bigger particles typically stripped off upon lifted, increasing the blended dust cloud's dispersibility. This leads to the formation of a dust cloud system with efficiently smaller particle sizes, consequently resulting in an increase in flame spread velocity (FSV). Moreover, owing to the enhanced dispersibility of the dust cloud due to the inclusion of larger particles, the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of rice husk dust clouds decreases. Analysis of the angle of repose (AOR) and Hausner ratio (HR) indicates that the incorporation of larger particles improves the flowability of the blended dust cloud, thereby increasing the risk of dust explosions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 105651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}