Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献_第4页

The analysis of urban gas accidents in China in recent years based on the semi-quantitative FRAM

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105584

Liu Xiao-Man , Qian Ji-Fa , Gao Yuan , Li Hui , Kong Sheng-Li , Zhang Shao-Jie

{"title":"The analysis of urban gas accidents in China in recent years based on the semi-quantitative FRAM","authors":"Liu Xiao-Man , Qian Ji-Fa , Gao Yuan , Li Hui , Kong Sheng-Li , Zhang Shao-Jie","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread use of gas, gas safety accidents occur frequently. Especially, the occurrence of serious and extraordinarily serious accidents has seriously threatened the safety of people's lives and property. In order to better understand the causes of urban gas accidents, a statistical analysis of urban residential gas accidents in 2016∼2022 was conducted to analyze the characteristics of gas accidents. The study examined various aspects such as accident overview, month, geographical location, gas type, and accident subject to identify the common characteristics of gas accidents. The semi-quantitative Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is introduced to construct a semi-quantitative analysis model of the gas accident process from a systemic perspective. This method illustrates the interaction and coordination among multiple elements. By quantifying the upstream and downstream coupling variability of the system's functional units, it was found that the occurrence of accidents was related to multiple potential factors, with the human factor playing a crucial role. Finally, based on the conclusions of accident law and semi-quantitative functional resonance analysis, targeted countermeasures are proposed from four aspects: man-machine-environment-management. This is to prevent the impact of functional resonance variation from exceeding the tolerance range of the urban gas safety responsibility system, effectively reduce the incidence of urban gas accidents, ensure the safety of life and property of urban residents, and promote social harmony, stability, and sustainable economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon capture with pure monoethanolamine aerosols: Method development for assessing safety hazards and identifying a safe operating window using oxygen-containing flue gas streams

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105587

Annelot Van den Bogaert , Filip Verplaetsen , Maarten Vanierschot , Leen Braeken , M. Enis Leblebici

{"title":"Carbon capture with pure monoethanolamine aerosols: Method development for assessing safety hazards and identifying a safe operating window using oxygen-containing flue gas streams","authors":"Annelot Van den Bogaert , Filip Verplaetsen , Maarten Vanierschot , Leen Braeken , M. Enis Leblebici","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research proved the potential of aerosol reactors for post-combustion capture of CO<sub>2</sub> with highly concentrated monoethanolamine (MEA). However, aerosol flammability in a continuous aerosol reactor has not been studied before. Safety cannot be guaranteed when processing oxygen-containing flue gases. The goal of this work is to develop a continuous aerosol safety testing method to investigate aerosol flammability. The proposed method is validated by determining the safe operating window of MEA aerosols by changing parameters on the aerosol and gas side. The relation between aerosol properties and flammability is investigated via high-speed camera. Safe operating conditions in air were found for MEA solutions up to of 70 wt%, suggesting that these solutions are safe to use with any flue gas. However, 80 wt% MEA and higher were flammable. 80 wt% MEA was only flammable at low liquid flow rates. This can be attributed to the increased droplet velocity at higher liquid flow rates, which results in shorter evaporation times. Therefore, the lower flammability limit (LFL) cannot be reached. Overall, MEA concentration and liquid flow rate appear to be the most influential parameters on aerosol flammability. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) was investigated. Maximum LOCs were identified as 13.5% and 15% for 100 and 90 wt% MEA, respectively. This information is crucial for matching appropriate flue gases with compatible aerosol reactor configurations. By developing and validating the method for MEA aerosols, this work narrows the gap between aerosol reactors for carbon capture and safely processing oxygen-containing flue gas streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous flow synthesis of pendimethalin in a microreactor for thermal risk reduction

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105583

Gang Fu, Kai Ma, Juncheng Jiang, Lei Ni

{"title":"Continuous flow synthesis of pendimethalin in a microreactor for thermal risk reduction","authors":"Gang Fu, Kai Ma, Juncheng Jiang, Lei Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, pendimethalin synthesis was carried out in a microreactor to reduce its thermal risk. First, the nitration reaction was conducted in a semi-batch mode in the micro calorimeter. It was found the process was highly exothermic with a high adiabatic temperature rise (>133 °C). Then the reaction was transformed to a continuous flow mode in a microreactor. Effects of molar ratio, residence time and reaction temperature on the thermal behavior of the nitration process as well as the yield of pendimethalin were investigated and analyzed. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the reaction condition. The results showed that under the optimum condition in the microreactor, the yield reached 54.32%. The space-time yield in the microreactor was 1.38 g⋅L<sup>−1</sup>∙s<sup>−1</sup>, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that in the batch reactor. Further, a risk assessment using a recently developed method (m-ITHI) was carried out to compare the thermal hazards of the nitration process in the microreactor and the batch reactor. The index for the continuous flow mode was 3.77, corresponding to a risk level of Class I, which was safer than the batch mode with a risk level of Class II. Overall, this paper showcased an inherently safer design with the microreactor and provided a theoretical basis for the one-step synthesis of pendimethalin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Bayesian approach integrating real-time monitoring data for the estimation of a dynamic RUL of equipment affected by sulfidation and naphthenic acids corrosion

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105582

Giuseppa Ancione , Paolo Bragatto , Maria Francesca Milazzo

{"title":"A Bayesian approach integrating real-time monitoring data for the estimation of a dynamic RUL of equipment affected by sulfidation and naphthenic acids corrosion","authors":"Giuseppa Ancione , Paolo Bragatto , Maria Francesca Milazzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfidation and naphthenic acids corrosion is a common mechanism in processing crude oils with high sulphur content. This research addresses the need for reliable corrosion management strategies in chemical industry in an energy transition context and simultaneously affected by emerging scenarios (economic, geopolitical, etc.). The objective is to develop a dynamic model for estimating the remaining lifetime of equipment, using predictive modelling techniques and monitoring data of process variables that influence the deterioration mechanism. The developed model supports the prevention of negative consequences due to the equipment deterioration and the optimisation of inspection and maintenance programs. By offering an innovative tool for the corrosion management, this research aims to contribute to ongoing efforts improving the efficiency and sustainability of energy production processes. Due to some emerging scenarios, refineries could be oriented to increase the processing of raw materials with high content of sulphur; these are more accessible and economical, but accelerate the deterioration of equipment materials and, therefore, increase the risk. The use of the method, proposed in this article, allows for more effective management of safety through the monitoring of the conditions of critical items.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 105582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convergence of safety and security within process plants

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105579

David Rehak , Alena Splichalova , Tomas Lovecek , Martin Hromada , Simona Jemelkova , Alena Oulehlova

{"title":"Convergence of safety and security within process plants","authors":"David Rehak , Alena Splichalova , Tomas Lovecek , Martin Hromada , Simona Jemelkova , Alena Oulehlova","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process plants safety is currently an integral part of process industries. This fact is evidenced by a number of important directives, standards, and regulations, such as the Seveso III Directive, Process Safety Management Standard or Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. By implementing them, personnel safety, process safety, functional safety, etc. are constantly ensured. However, on the other hand, it is necessary to point out that process plants can be a significant source of risk not only from a process point of view, but also as a result of intentional or unintentional external damage. In this context, it is also necessary to pay attention to process plants security. Currently, only a few directives related to the critical infrastructure protection or cyber security pay attention to this area. Based on these facts, the aim of the article is to present possibilities, tools and benefits of the convergence of process plants safety with the physical protection system and organizational resilience. As part of the physical protection system, convergence mechanical barriers, alarm systems, security forces and regime measures can be used for this purpose at the operational level. In contrast, organizational resilience processes can be used to strengthen process plants safety at the management level. In both cases, these security measures can be used in all three-time phases of the accident, i.e. before the accident, during the accident, and after the accident.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation exploration on the interaction between hydrogen/air explosion overpressure and flame morphology under different initial pressures

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105567

Yaofen Bo, Mingshu Bi, Yanchao Li, Wei Gao

{"title":"Simulation exploration on the interaction between hydrogen/air explosion overpressure and flame morphology under different initial pressures","authors":"Yaofen Bo, Mingshu Bi, Yanchao Li, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the flame morphology, pressure field, and velocity field near the flame surface in H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>/air explosion under different initial pressures, by resorting to numerical simulations. Their interaction effects are revealed and analyzed in detail, which is hard in real-constrained experiments. The results demonstrate that the flame wrinkling factor increases along time in the magnitude of <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>-degree power. The correlation between its temporal rise rate and initial pressure can be reflected by power function. In addition, it can seen that the trend of wrinkling factor with time is similar to that of explosion overpressure at different equivalence ratios. When the wrinkling factor reaches maximum, the rate of pressure rise is biggest. Like flame surface, the isobaric surfaces near the flame surface also wrinkle. Many concave pressure waves appearing after the convex flame surface disturb the flow in burnt zone. Moreover, it can be found that along time, the increasing pressure difference before and after the flame surface will lead to gas decelerating and then reversely accelerating. When the overpressure increases more quickly, the backward gas velocity goes up faster. Note that the backward velocity after convex flame surface is larger than that after concave flame surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of appropriate intensity measures for seismic performance assessment of base-isolated liquid storage tanks

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105581

Ketan Kumar Sengar, Sandip Kumar Saha, Maheshreddy Gade

{"title":"Evaluation of appropriate intensity measures for seismic performance assessment of base-isolated liquid storage tanks","authors":"Ketan Kumar Sengar, Sandip Kumar Saha, Maheshreddy Gade","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes appropriate intensity measures (IMs) for seismic performance assessment of base-isolated liquid storage tanks (BI-LSTs) through an extensive evaluation of various scalar IMs and vector-valued IMs of earthquake ground motions. Ground-supported liquid storage tanks (LSTs) with cylindrical shapes are considered for this study. The LSTs are assumed to be base-isolated using lead core rubber bearing (LCRB), and the bearing displacement is considered as the engineering demand parameter (EDP) for assessing the seismic fragility of the BI-LSTs through cloud analysis. It is shown that the average spectral acceleration, i.e., <em>S</em><sub><em>a,avg</em></sub>(0.05<em>T</em><sub><em>b</em></sub>-<em>T</em><sub><em>b</em></sub>) [where <em>T</em><sub><em>b</em></sub> is the isolation period], is an efficient, practical, proficient and sufficient IM. Therefore, <em>S</em><sub><em>a,avg</em></sub>(0.05<em>T</em><sub><em>b</em></sub>-<em>T</em><sub><em>b</em></sub>), is recommended as an appropriate IM for seismic performance assessment of ground-supported BI-LSTs. Detailed parametric studies are also performed to investigate the effect of different slenderness ratios of the LST and isolation periods on the selection of the appropriate IM. Further, the seismic risk of the considered BI-LSTs is assessed considering the seismic hazard for Shimla, which is the capital city of the Indian state Himachal Pradesh. For the considered site, the risk of the slender tanks is found to be higher than that of the broad tanks, regardless of the isolation period. It is also concluded that the peak bearing displacement demand corresponding to the maximum considered earthquake is substantially lower than that obtained as per the selected design code recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic prediction of multisensor gas concentration in semi-closed spaces: A unified spatiotemporal inter-dependencies approach

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105569

Shikuan Chen , Wenli Du , Bing Wang , Chenxi Cao

{"title":"Dynamic prediction of multisensor gas concentration in semi-closed spaces: A unified spatiotemporal inter-dependencies approach","authors":"Shikuan Chen , Wenli Du , Bing Wang , Chenxi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flammable gas leakage in industrial environments poses significant risks to human health and environmental safety. Developing accurate and efficient spatiotemporal models for gas dispersion is essential for mitigating these dangers. The gas diffusion is inherently a spatiotemporal process, yet most research has focused on modeling spatial or temporal correlations separately, failing to capture the dynamic relationships between various variables. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel approach based on FourierGNN, a multivariate time series forecasting (MTS) method, which treats concentration values from multiple sensors as multivariates and predicts their future trends. By utilizing a fully-connected hypervariate graph structure, the model adaptively learns high-resolution representations across different timestamps and variates simultaneously. Experimental data are generated by simulating a methane leak scenario in a semi-closed gas turbine enclosure using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The method is evaluated on the dataset with three distinct prediction horizons and compared with FC-LSTM and StemGNN. Results indicate that the approach outperforms others in terms of MAPE, MAE and RMSE across different prediction horizons while reducing parameter counts by 61.26% and 82.83%, respectively. Furthermore, the method demonstrates robustness under varying noise levels, confirming its reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143296603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human factors analysis and classification system - positive experience (HFACS-PE): New approaches to aviation accident and incident investigation

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105578

Ondrej Zavila

引用次数: 0

Ignition characteristics of mixtures of micro-sized wood dusts and centimeter-sized flakes and fibers initiated by deposit fires

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105575

Chang Li , Zhiyang Zhang , Kaiwen Sun , Caodi He , Chunmiao Yuan

{"title":"Ignition characteristics of mixtures of micro-sized wood dusts and centimeter-sized flakes and fibers initiated by deposit fires","authors":"Chang Li , Zhiyang Zhang , Kaiwen Sun , Caodi He , Chunmiao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a highly flammable biomass dust, the explosion potential of wood dust has been widely recognized. However, compared with wood dust, other larger-sized wood processing by-products, such as wood flakes and wood fibers, pose a lower explosion risk due to their difficulty in forming dust clouds. Nevertheless, their fire risk should not be underestimated. Accident case analyses have shown that the explosion risk may increase when wood dust is mixed with wood processing by-products like wood flakes. This study experimentally investigated the ignition characteristics of mixtures of wood dust, wood flakes, and wood fibers, with a focus on the effects of mixing ratios, particle sizes, and spatial confinement on explosion risk. Whether in confined or open spaces, smoldering wood dust (D50 = 137 μm) as an ignition source was found to be insufficient to trigger a dust explosion. In mixtures of wood dust with wood flakes or wood fibers, the mixing ratio played a significant role in explosion risk. When the wood dust content exceeded 50 wt %, explosions occurred at both 0.2 MPa and 0.4 MPa dispersal pressures, with the key factor being the contact between the fireballs generated by burning wood flakes or wood fibers and the wood dust cloud. Conversely, when the wood dust content was lower (25 wt %), no explosion occurred. This study provides experimental evidence for the safe management of wood processing and biomass fuels. It recommends that enhanced preventive measures be implemented during storage and handling, particularly for mixtures with a high wood dust content, to mitigate explosion risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 105575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0