Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献_第3页

Effect of ambient pressure on the fire characteristics of lithium-ion battery energy storage container 环境压力对锂离子电池储能容器火灾特性的影响

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105459

{"title":"Effect of ambient pressure on the fire characteristics of lithium-ion battery energy storage container","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As lithium-ion battery energy storage gains popularity and application at high altitudes, the evolution of fire risk in storage containers remains uncertain. In this study, numerical simulation is employed to investigate the fire characteristics of lithium-ion battery storage container under varying ambient pressures. The findings reveal that the peak heat release rate of fires at normal pressure is significantly higher than at lower pressure. Specifically, the heat release rate at 100 kPa is 9215 kW, exceeding the value at 40 kPa by 42%, which is only 3900 kW. This peak heat release rate also demonstrates a power function relationship with ambient pressure. In addition, fires tend to last longer in lower pressure, where high-temperature areas expand and spread rates increase. Moreover, higher pressures produce elevated peak concentrations of CO and CO<sub>2</sub>, while smoke spreads faster in lower pressure, despite lower peak smoke concentrations. The study findings can serve as a foundation for assessing the fire hazards and designing fire protection measures for lithium-ion battery storage containers exposed to varying ambient pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dynamic system reliability analysis model on safety instrumented systems 安全仪表系统的动态系统可靠性分析模型

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105455

引用次数: 0

Natural gas leakage detection from offshore platform by OGI camera and unsupervised deep learning 利用 OGI 摄像机和无监督深度学习检测海上平台的天然气泄漏

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105449

{"title":"Natural gas leakage detection from offshore platform by OGI camera and unsupervised deep learning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas leak from offshore platform poses a potential to cause explosion disaster and bring significant causalities and economic losses. Existing deep learning-based leak detection approaches are limited by the requirement of a large number of labeled leak datasets, and also has worse performance in the complex and changeable marine environment. This study proposes a detection approach of natural gas leakage from offshore platform by integrating optical gas imaging (OGI) camera and unsupervised deep probability learning. In this approach, unsupervised deep learning is applied to learn the changeable infrared features of offshore platform, and variational Bayesian inference is integrated to provide the larger epistemic uncertainty contour corresponding to the infrared natural gas plume. An epistemic uncertainty-based detection score is proposed as the detection criterion to improve the accuracy of natural gas plume detection and localization. An OGI imaging experiment of natural gas leak from offshore platform is conducted to construct the benchmark dataset. With such datasets, two pre-defined parameters, namely Monte Carlo sampling number m = 100 and dropout probability <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></math></span> are determined to guarantee the detection accuracy and efficiency. Comparison between the proposed approach and prevalent unsupervised deep learning approach is also conducted. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach has the higher detection accuracy with AUC = 0.9753, as well as the real-time capability with inference time of 4s/frame. Overall, our proposed approach provides a more accurate and generalized approach of natural gas detection for safety monitoring and detection management of offshore platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incident investigation of hydrogen explosion and fire in a residue desulfurization process 残渣脱硫过程中氢气爆炸和火灾事故调查

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105458

引用次数: 0

Influence of ammonia-water fog formation on ammonia dispersion from a liquid spill 氨水雾的形成对液体溢出氨扩散的影响

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105446

{"title":"Influence of ammonia-water fog formation on ammonia dispersion from a liquid spill","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia is expected to play an important role in the green transition, both as a hydrogen carrier and a zero-emission fuel. The use of refrigerated ammonia is attractive due to its relatively high volumetric energy density and increased safety compared to pressurized solutions. Ammonia is highly toxic, and with new applications and increased global demand come stricter requirements for safe handling. Cold gaseous ammonia following a spill of refrigerated ammonia will in contact with humid air cause fog formation. In an environment rich in ammonia, these droplets will due to ammonia’s strong hygroscopicity consist of considerable amounts of liquid ammonia as well as water. Fog formation affects the ammonia-air density and thus influences the dispersion dynamics, with a potentially significant impact on hazardous zones. In this work, we present a CFD model including an ammonia-water fog formation model based on accurate thermodynamics. This includes modeling the vapor–liquid equilibrium and accounting for the exothermic mixing of ammonia and water. We apply this CFD model to relevant cases and demonstrate the significant impact of the fog. We analyze the effect of varying relative humidity, fog visibility, influence of wind, and pool evaporation rate. Finally, we model the Red Squirrel test 1F and show how the fog formation could have influenced the dispersion behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel methodology for dynamic vulnerability assessment of storage tank exposed to technological hazards 对遭受技术危害的储罐进行动态脆弱性评估的新方法

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105457

{"title":"A novel methodology for dynamic vulnerability assessment of storage tank exposed to technological hazards","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Storage tanks are vulnerable to catastrophic technological hazards such as fires or explosions. Although many attempts have been made to assess the tank vulnerability exposed to a certain fire or explosion, little attention has been paid to the uncertainties of diverse accident scenarios and time-dependent damage effects. In this paper, a novel methodology is developed to dynamically estimate the vulnerability of chemical storage tank, while the static and dynamic factors related to tank vulnerability are studied in a unified framework. The uncertainties in the evolution of technological hazard are discretized and assessed using the dynamic event tree, in which the dynamic possibility of ignition and potential scenario transition are taken into account. Furthermore, a detailed study of the dynamic consequence and time-dependent damage behavior of physical effects is conducted, supporting a more accurate assessment of tank vulnerability. The case study demonstrates that the developed methodology could simulate the stochastic process of spatio-temporal evolution of technological hazards and enable a comprehensive analysis of damage patterns over time. Besides, the protection and mitigation effects of different safety barriers are evaluated and discussed, the results are valuable for reducing the risks of tank farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ontological approach increasing the knowledge about equipment ageing including the effects of current transitions 采用本体论方法增加对设备老化的了解，包括当前过渡的影响

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105453

{"title":"An ontological approach increasing the knowledge about equipment ageing including the effects of current transitions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ageing management of critical equipment is essential for major accident hazard prevention. In European Union, the Seveso Directive explicitly refers to equipment ageing and specific procedures and tools have been developed in some countries to verify the adequacy of ageing management plans. Ageing management requires up-to-date knowledge of damage mechanisms, failure rates, and inspection techniques. Although the energy transition is moving towards innovative and low-impact processes, the issue of equipment ageing remains a concern for the future due to several factors as many existing petroleum industries will be kept operating for years and green fuels will partially use existing plants. The use of digital technologies, such as inspection robots and pervasive sensors, is increasing in order to optimize maintenance costs and extend the useful lifetime of critical equipment. This poses challenges for stakeholders in the establishment, control bodies, and competent authorities, which need to effectively manage knowledge in the face of digital and energy transitions. Ontologies represent a fundamental methodology for organizing and integrating information throughout the equipment life cycle. These are beneficial for activities with high cognitive content such as incident analysis, risk assessment, maintenance management, and inspection planning. This work aims to strengthen an ontology for ageing management by making it able to incorporate emerging digital inspection technologies and damage mechanisms related to green fuels; finally, through the developed web-application, the ontology is available to establishment operators and auditors for the evaluation of the adequacy of ageing management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of porous non-metallic balls on detonation propagation in hydrogen–oxygen mixtures 多孔非金属球对氢氧混合物中引爆传播的影响

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105454

{"title":"The effect of porous non-metallic balls on detonation propagation in hydrogen–oxygen mixtures","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the influence of porous non-metallic balls on the dynamics of detonation propagation in hydrogen–oxygen mixtures is studied in stainless steel tubes with square cross-sections. The effect of the length and thickness of the balls is considered in detail. Four pressure transducers are used to record the detonation time-of-arrival, and the average velocity of detonation propagation is calculate. The smoked foil technique is performed to register the detonation cellular structures. The results indicate that increasing the filling length and thickness of the balls leads to a significant increase in velocity loss, critical pressure, and re-initiation distance during detonation propagation. Two propagation modes are observed near the critical pressure. In sub-critical mode, the detonation wave is attenuated and failed eventually, propagating to the end of the tube in the form of a low-speed deflagration wave. In super-critical mode, the detonation propagation can be promoted by inducing a vertical transverse wave generated by the detonation wave passing through a group of small balls. It is worth noting that the increase in filling thickness of the small balls leads to a greater velocity loss compared to the increase in filling length. However, an increase in the filling length will cause the detonation wave to undergo a longer and more sustained weakening process as it passes through the small balls, thereby resulting in a longer re-initiation distance and a lower average velocity over a short distance after re-initiation. By increasing the filling length of the small balls to 312 mm, the transition of the detonation wave from multi-head detonation to double-head detonation can be observed, and then successfully turns into stable detonation. However, when filling double-layer small balls, even in super-critical conditions, the attenuated detonation wave cannot achieve re-initiation over a short distance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing hazardous materials transportation network: A bi-level programming approach considering road blocking 优化危险品运输网络：考虑道路阻塞的双层方案编制方法

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105451

{"title":"Optimizing hazardous materials transportation network: A bi-level programming approach considering road blocking","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road transportation serves as the primary mode for hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation in China. However, the current academic literature lacks sufficient exploration of optimizing transportation networks through road-blocking strategies. This research proposed a bi-level programming model, where the government acts as the decision-maker in the upper-level programming, and the transportation enterprise operates at the lower level. Road-blocking strategies are employed by the government to mitigate transportation risks. We developed exact solution algorithms for the upper programming and employed genetic algorithms for the lower model separately. Finally, using a real road network in Beijing as a case study, we showcased the effectiveness of our approach. We computed government decision schemes and enterprise transportation routes for 13 scenarios, and conducted a further discussion and analysis on scenarios with road service levels of 83% and 80.9%. The method and results presented in our study can adeptly dissect the transportation of hazmat in city areas, offering insightful perspectives and robust support for devising more streamlined management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting critical flame quenching thickness using machine learning approach with ResNet and ANN 利用 ResNet 和 ANN 的机器学习方法预测临界焰淬厚度

IF 3.6 3区工程技术

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105448

{"title":"Predicting critical flame quenching thickness using machine learning approach with ResNet and ANN","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the study of flame quenching, quenching thickness is one of the important parameters to determine the design of a flame arrester, and often determines the flame quenching performance of the arrester. In the study, residual network (ResNet) and artificial neural network (ANN) are used to predict the critical quench thickness of combustible gas in pipelines. The critical quench thickness is influenced by fuel concentration and density, pipeline size, inert gas type and concentration, porous media porosity, and thermal conductivity. The influence of different combinations of hyper-parameters on the prediction performance of the two models is explored. The results show that the prediction performance of both models reaches the best after hyper-parameter optimization. Compared with ANN, the ResNet model shows more stable and better prediction ability, and its optimal evaluation parameters are: MAE is 1.4679, MSE is 91.7431, R<sup>2</sup> is 0.9216. The prediction errors of the two models on the same dataset are subjected to analysis, and the impact of the use of normalized data on the performance of the two models is compared. It is determined that the ResNet model demonstrated superior robustness and generalization ability in predicting the critical quenching thickness of combustible gases. The study is helpful for the safety protection of combustible gas and the safety design of pipeline arresters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0