Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

{"title":"Recommendations and guidelines for the safety evaluation of ammonium nitrate systems with the use of thermal analysis","authors":"Maciej Kaniewski","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonium nitrate (AN) is a critical material widely used in fertilizers, propellants, and other industrial applications. Despite its importance, AN has been linked to numerous catastrophic incidents worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for rigorous and standardized safety evaluations. Its thermal decomposition behavior is highly sensitive to conditions such as temperature, pressure, impurities, and system configuration. However, inconsistent methodologies in thermal analysis have led to variable results and unreliable safety assessments, limiting their value for risk prediction and regulatory compliance.</div><div>This study presents a comprehensive set of experimental guidelines for evaluating the thermal stability of AN-based systems. Original data are combined with extensive literature analysis to address key methodological variables including sample mass, gas flow conditions, heating programs, and crucible geometry. Particular attention is given to how these factors influence the transition from endothermic dissociation to exothermic runaway, which is essential for identifying worst-case decomposition behavior.</div><div>The proposed framework supports accurate simulation of decomposition pathways under conditions relevant to storage, transport, and industrial processing. By bridging gaps in methodology, this work provides practical, safety-oriented guidance that improves the reproducibility and relevance of thermal analysis data. The findings contribute directly to hazard identification, process safety evaluations, and the safe design and handling of reactive AN systems. This study serves as a valuable reference for engineers, researchers, and regulators seeking to enhance thermal hazard assessments and prevent accidental initiation in ammonium nitrate applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on safety resilience evaluation of gastransmission pipelines in chemical industry parks","authors":"Jiahui Wei ,&nbsp;Jixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yimeng Xia ,&nbsp;Qiuju You ,&nbsp;Jianyu Qiao ,&nbsp;Shihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas transmission pipelines within chemical industrial parks operate in complex environments with elevated risk profiles, where potential leaks or explosions could trigger cascading consequences including operational disruptions, critical infrastructure failures and severe environmental and safety implications. Consequently, this study develops a systematic safety resilience assessment framework for gas transmission pipelines in chemical industrial parks, integrating system dynamics simulation methodologies. A comprehensive complex network model is established to identify and analyze critical factors influencing pipeline safety resilience. The proposed evaluation framework incorporates a multidimensional index system encompassing resistance, recovery and adaptability capacities. By integrating techniques such as quadratic exponential smoothing, grey system theory and system dynamics simulation, the safety resilience characteristics of gas transmission pipelines are quantitatively evaluated and predicted. The analytical results provide valuable insights into the evolutionary trends of resistance, recovery, adaptability and overall system resilience of gas transmission infrastructure. The findings offer critical insights for ensuring the safe operation of gas transmission pipelines and enhancing the overall resilience of chemical industry parks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and operation of pilot-scale educational chemical plant","authors":"Byungjun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical industry has significantly contributed to human development over the past decades, experiencing rapid growth. However, despite strengthened safety regulations and corporate safety management efforts, industrial accidents continue to occur. This study proposes an educational approach to enhance safety and productivity by practicing in environments similar to actual industrial sites. By designing and operating an educational petrochemical plant, trainees gain hands-on experience with real equipment and materials, developing their ability to handle various situations. Survey results show that internal instructor-led training is the most common method, and understanding basic equipment is considered the most important competency for new employees. The educational plant prioritizes safety by using non-toxic raw materials, such as C10-15 normal paraffin, to minimize environmental risks and reduce waste generation. The educational satisfaction survey revealed high satisfaction with both the program and facilities, indicating that the educational petrochemical plant is effectively designed and operated. Additionally, the study shares problems encountered during actual operations and their solutions. This research demonstrates that practical training in real-world settings can play a crucial role in improving safety and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on flame propagation suppression characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy dust","authors":"Yunhao Li ,&nbsp;Song Lin ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Xing ,&nbsp;Juncheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy, a widely utilized titanium-based material, exhibits exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making it indispensable in aerospace, biomedical, and chemical process applications. However, in fine particulate form, it presents significant combustibility and explosion hazards. To enhance safety protocols and industrial explosion prevention strategies for TC4 titanium alloy dusts, this study investigates the suppression effects of melamine pyrophosphate (MPP), CaCO₃, and TiO₂ on flame propagation characteristics using an improved Hartmann tube apparatus. The explosion suppression mechanisms of these three agents are analyzed through detailed explosion residue examination. The results indicate that as suppressant content increases, flame fronts gradually transform into regular parabolic shapes, while bright luminous regions progressively contract until dust extinction occurs. The presence of suppressants significantly reduces the flame propagation velocity of the mixed dust. With increasing suppressant concentration, the time required for flame propagation velocity to reach its peak increases, while the maximum flame propagation velocity continuously decreases. MPP suppresses TC4 titanium dust explosions through both physical mechanisms (heat transmission, cooling, and hindering oxygen) and chemical mechanisms through capturing free radicals within chemical reaction. In contrast, suppression effects of CaCO₃ and TiO₂ on TC4 titanium alloy dust explosion primarily manifest through physical mechanisms such as cooling, impeding oxygen, and heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing laser diffraction as an approach to categorize the dispersion propensity of combustible dust","authors":"Yajie Bu ,&nbsp;Tianxin Chen ,&nbsp;Paul Amyotte ,&nbsp;Chunmiao Yuan ,&nbsp;Qingwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Yu ,&nbsp;Juncheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dispersion of combustible dust into airborne clouds constitutes one of the five prerequisites for dust explosions. The process is predominantly governed by initial conditions, with specific material characteristics exerting measurable influences. For example, dust with good dispersibility has a higher tendency to form clouds and stay airborne. Dust prone to breakage is more likely to be distributed in smaller sizes. This study develops an experimental approach employing sequential particle size analysis through a dry dispersion laser diffractometer. Nine industrially relevant dust samples (<em>i.e.</em>, ascorbic acid, corn starch, lycopodium, niacin, potato starch, skimmed milk, sulfur, wheat flour, and wood) were characterized under controlled dispersion pressures from 0.1 to 3.4 bar. The results show the degree of dispersion or comminution can be distinguished by monitoring the change in size distribution. In general, the fine fraction in the distribution increases at first upon increasing the dispersing energy due to improved dispersion. At higher energies, the amount of fines rises again if the particles start to break up. Sample-specific response patterns emerge in the pressure titration curves: smooth plateaus indicate optimal dispersion for easily dispersible and robust dusts, versus continuous size reduction trajectories revealing poor dispersion and fragile dusts. This qualitative categorizing method enables simultaneous evaluation of both dispersion efficiency and particle integrity, supplementing the pathway for assessing dust explosion hazards across laboratory and industrial scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using hydrate foam to extinguish petroleum product tank fires","authors":"I.V. Zabelin ,&nbsp;M.V. Shkola ,&nbsp;N.E. Shlegel ,&nbsp;P.A. Strizhak","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Firefighting foam is the most effective means to suppress fires involving liquid petroleum products. Its key ingredient, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, takes a long time to degrade, thus causing serious damage to the environment. Another option is to use fluorocarbon surfactants or silicone surfactants. These solutions are less effective in fighting fires. This research presents a conceptual framework of suppressing fires involving liquid petroleum products using hydrate foam. When hydrate foam interacts with fire, carbon dioxide released in the dissociation of hydrate displaces the oxidizer from the combustion zone. Hydrate foam absorbs the heat released in combustion, thus cooling the petroleum product and the tank. It creates a buffer zone between the oxidizer and petroleum product surface. This zone limits the combustion front spread. The conducted experiments confirmed the high efficiency of hydrate foam. Optimal parameters were determined for efficient and economical operation of hydrate-based foam fire suppression systems. The data obtained were used to develop a conceptual framework of a fire suppression system for petroleum products in storage tanks. The economic efficiency of the proposed technology was estimated. Mathematical equations were derived to predict the required volume of hydrate to suppress the burning of petroleum products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the knowledge domain of gas explosion studies in process industry for safety development","authors":"Junjie Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Chaozhen Tong ,&nbsp;Jie Kong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Yao ,&nbsp;Xinqun Wang ,&nbsp;Hailin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas explosions are one of the common forms of accidents in the process industries, posing significant risks to the safe and sustainable development of industrial enterprises. To understand the current research trends and the current state of prevention and control technologies, a bibliometric analysis was conducted in this paper. The results show that “<em>Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries</em>”, “<em>Process Safety and Environmental Protection</em>” and “<em>Fuel</em>” are the main source journals in gas explosion research. Gas explosions research is multidisciplinary, with knowledge bases including accident analysis and method research, general understanding of gas explosions, and explosion control technology. Five main research hotspots were identified: methane explosion research, explosion characteristics research, explosion venting research, explosion suppression materials research and accident risk assessment analysis. Regional analysis reveals Asia focuses on coal mine explosions, Europe on structural impact, while North America emphasizes process safety and simulation. Intelligent sensing and rapid suppression of gas explosions are among the challenges facing current research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced analysis of Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) to mitigate Major Accident Hazards (MAH) in Early Production Facilities (EPF): A case study in Indonesia","authors":"Hasan Hidayattuloh,&nbsp;Andy Noorsaman Sommeng,&nbsp;Ardian Nengkoda","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early Production Facilities (EPF) is a temporary processing facility that allow oil production at low initial cost and reduced financial risk. EPF still faces significant challenges related to process safety despite its financial advantages. Although existing studies have addressed various aspects of EPF, including risk assessment, design, and economic feasibility, a significant gap remains in the identification and analysis of Major Accident Hazard (MAH) and Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) specific to EPF operations. This study addresses the research problem of identifying potential MAH and the corresponding SCEs to reduce the risk of major accidents in EPF. The study focused on EPF located in three (3) areas: AMJ, BMH, and HGD which are located in West Java, Indonesia. HAZOP and Bowtie methods were employed to systematically identify potential MAH and relevant SCEs in the selected EPF. 32 MAH scenarios on EPF identified in this study. 72 % of accidents have an impact on fire/explosion, which poses a risk to personal safety and facility integrity. Most MAH scenarios on EPF are triggered by two primary causes: overpressure and corrosion. A major proportion of MAH scenarios are identified in equipment such as Separator, Flowline &amp; Manifold, and Scrubber. 188 SCEs were identified in this study. By prioritizing the identified SCEs, maintenance resources can be focused on critical elements that directly prevent or mitigate MAH, thereby improving cost-effectiveness without compromising safety. 74 % were classified as technical/hardware barriers. This highlights the necessity of a robust maintenance strategy to guarantee the reliability and effectiveness of these technical elements over time. Future efforts could also focus on refining the current Bowtie analysis by incorporating quantitative risk modeling methods and on developing performance standards for SCEs, which can be used to enhance the robust maintenance strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the development of a systems-theoretic model for safety assessment of arctic offshore drilling activities","authors":"Hongqiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiangkun Meng ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoming Chen ,&nbsp;Xue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exploration and development (E&amp;D) of Arctic offshore oil and gas reserves represent a domain with significant potential, yet fraught with formidable challenges and operational risks. The harsh Arctic environment and the complexity of drilling equipment impose many challenges on E&amp;D operations. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovative methodologies capable of detailed analysis of complex drilling tasks and a holistic understanding of risk propagation. This study proposes an integrated framework combining the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) and Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) to enhance the safety analysis in Arctic offshore drilling operations. STAMP systematically identifies unsafe control actions (UCAs) within hierarchical control architectures, whereas FRAM captures functional variability and emergent resonance effects. A case study of drilling activities in the Barents Sea illustrates the applicability and highlights critical operational hazards. The integrated framework facilitates macro-level assessment of functional interactions and micro-level control structure analysis, offering actionable safety constraints. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the framework in addressing Arctic-specific operational risks. This research provides a robust analytical tool for safety management in high-risk environments, thereby providing decision-making support for ensuring the safety of arctic offshore drilling activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domain in metal dust explosion research","authors":"Hongze Su ,&nbsp;Chang Guo ,&nbsp;Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal dust explosions represent critical issues in industrial safety, necessitating comprehensive research to mitigate risks and enhance prevention strategies. To address this, a bibliometric analysis of 1132 publications (2008–2024) from the Web of Science Core Collection was conducted, mapping the temporal and spatial distribution of publications, country/region contributions, subject categories, institutional collaborations, major source journals, highly cited papers, co-authorship networks, research knowledge domains, and emerging research frontiers. Key findings reveal that China leads in publication volume (50.05 %), while the United States exhibits the highest academic influence. The primary research fields include engineering chemical (47.20 %), materials science multidisciplinary (29.44 %), and energy fuels (22.78 %). The research knowledge domain is centered on the properties of metal dust, explosion mechanisms, and suppression techniques, with a particular focus on aluminum dust and nanomaterials. Current research hotspots include combustion behavior, ignition mechanisms, and the effects of microstructure. Emerging frontiers are dominated by \"severity\" and \"inhibition\", reflecting a growing emphasis on quantifying explosion intensity and developing effective suppression strategies. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for industrial dust explosion prevention and underscore promising directions in nano-materials, alloy optimization, and interdisciplinary approaches for enhancing safety engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 105729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}