The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research最新文献_第7页

Addiction: The dance between concept and terms 上瘾:概念和术语之间的舞蹈

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.199

R. Room, Matilda Hellman, K. Stenius

引用次数: 21

The risks of cannabis and other illicit drugs: Views among French and Finnish addiction treatment providers 大麻和其他非法药物的风险:法国和芬兰成瘾治疗提供者的观点

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.201

L. Simmat-Durand, A. Koski-Jännes

{"title":"The risks of cannabis and other illicit drugs: Views among French and Finnish addiction treatment providers","authors":"L. Simmat-Durand, A. Koski-Jännes","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.201","url":null,"abstract":"Simmat-Durand, L., & Koski-Jannes, A. (2015). The risks of cannabis and other illicit drugs: Views among French and Finnish addiction treatment providers. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 61-69. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.201 Aims: This study explores the effect of cultural context and group-level factors on the views held by treatment professionals in France and Finland about addiction and the dangers of illicit drugs. Design: Cross-cultural survey. Setting: Similar questionnaires were mailed to professionals working in specialized addiction treatment units in both countries. Participants: In Finland, 520 treatment providers working personally with clients responded, and 472 responded in France. The samples differed in several ways. Most notably, the medical profession was more dominant in France, while social work and counselling dominated in Finland. Measures: In addition to demographics, the questions covered different addictions, and included questions on the levels of danger of heroin, amphetamines and cannabis for individuals and the society. Findings: Consistent cultural differences appeared in the views of Finnish and French professionals regarding the addictiveness of illicit drugs and their level of danger to society. These differences remained significant after controlling for professions and other background variables. Conclusions: Cultural context, local prevalence of high-risk behaviors, familiarity with the substance, country of residence, and level of education appeared as major modifiers of risk perceptions.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125314929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Addiction, recovery and moral agency: Philosophical considerations 成瘾、康复和道德能动性:哲学思考

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.190

S. Uusitalo

{"title":"Addiction, recovery and moral agency: Philosophical considerations","authors":"S. Uusitalo","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.190","url":null,"abstract":"Uusitalo, S. (2015). Addiction, recovery and moral agency: Philosophical considerations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, X(Y), N-M . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.vXiY.190 Aims: The purpose of this paper is to argue that it is important to recognize that addicts are morally accountable even for their addictive action, as moral agency is more generally an important factor in full-blown human agency. The challenge is to identify the problems that addicts have in their agency without discarding their potentially full-blown agency. Design: In philosophy of agency, moral responsibility and accountability, in particular, may refer to control over one’s action. I discuss this control as reason-responsiveness and, on a more general level, illustrate the importance of moral agency to human agency with a contrasting example of psychopaths and addicts as agents. Measures: A philosophical analysis is carried out in order to argue for the relevance and importance of moral accountability in therapeutic models of addiction. Findings: The example of psychopaths and addicts illustrates that moral agency is part of full-blown human agency, as psychopaths are generally believed to lack moral skills common to non-psychopathic individuals. I argue that addicts are not analogous to psychopaths in the framework of moral agency in this respect. Conclusions: By fleshing out the conceptual considerations in the framework of addiction therapies, I clarify the relevance and importance of moral accountability in therapeutic models of addiction. If evidence-based therapies attempt to restore the addict’s full-fledged agency at least in respect to addiction, then acknowledging addicts’ moral accountability for their action does matter.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121190086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis Addiction-as-a-kind假说

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.189

P. Ylikoski, Samuli Pöyhönen

{"title":"Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis","authors":"P. Ylikoski, Samuli Pöyhönen","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.189","url":null,"abstract":"Ylikoski, P., & Poyhonen, S. (2015). Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 21-25. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.189 The psychiatric category of addiction has recently been broadened to include new behaviors. This has prompted critical discussion about the value of a concept that covers so many different substances and activities. Many of the debates surrounding the notion of addiction stem from different views concerning what kind of a thing addiction fundamentally is. In this essay, we put forward an account that conceptualizes different addictions as sharing a cluster of relevant properties (the syndrome) that is supported by a matrix of causal mechanisms. According to this \"addiction-as-a-kind\" hypothesis, several different kinds of substance and behavioral addictions can be thought of as instantiations of the same thing—addiction. We show how a clearly articulated account of addiction can facilitate empirical research and the theoretical integration of different perspectives on addiction. The causal matrix approach provides a promising alternative to existing accounts of the nature of psychiatric disorders, the traditional disease model, and its competitors. It is a positive addition to discussions about diagnostic criteria, and sheds light on how psychiatric classification may be integrated with research done in other scientific fields. We argue that it also provides a plausible approach to understanding comorbidity.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121256520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Is addiction a myth? Donald Davidson's solution to the problem of akrasia says not* 上瘾是神话吗?唐纳德•戴维森(Donald Davidson)对akrasia问题的解决方案是否定的

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.195

N. Heather, G. Segal

{"title":"Is addiction a myth? Donald Davidson's solution to the problem of akrasia says not*","authors":"N. Heather, G. Segal","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.195","url":null,"abstract":"Heather, N., & Segal, G. (2015). Is addiction a myth? Donald Davidson’s solution to the problem of akrasia says not*. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 77-83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.195 An obvious problem for the concept of addiction is its portrayal as involving involuntary behavior in the face of the addict’s intentional actions. This has led some writers to call addiction a myth and to describe the self-labeling of persons as addicts as an illustration of causal attribution. We argue that this position is seriously mistaken. We propose that it is possible to construct a meaningful concept of addiction without assuming it involves completely involuntary behavior and to do so within the language of agents engaging in intentional action. One way of doing so arises from the work of Donald Davidson (1917-2003), particularly his essay \"How is weakness of the will possible?\" (Davidson, 1969). Davidson proposes a solution to the classic philosophical problem (called the problem of akrasia or incontinence) of how it is logically possible for someone to perform an action against her better judgement, and his solution is relevant to an understanding of addiction (i.e., addiction is a class of akratic action). Thus, Davidson’s solution to this philosophical problem is also an answer to the question of how it is possible to understand addiction without assuming it entails completely involuntary behavior. At the same time, Davidson’s conclusion at the end of his essay—that the akrates cannot give a reason for preferring incontinent over continent action—suggests what addicts mean when they say they feel compelled to behave the way they do .","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"20 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

The Images Theory of Addiction 成瘾的意象理论

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.191

P. Sulkunen

{"title":"The Images Theory of Addiction","authors":"P. Sulkunen","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.191","url":null,"abstract":"Sulkunen, P. (2015). The images theory of addiction. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 5-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.191 In everyday language, addiction usually refers to a strong desire that drives people to continue habitual behaviour despite acknowledged harm and their own will to quit. Many theorists and practitioners have long rejected the concept because of its tendency to individualize problem behavior, to focus on treatment rather than prevention, and to limit harmful consequences unduly to a selected group of users. There is no commonly accepted etiology of, or evidence-based treatment for, the condition, and diagnostic definitions are based on syndromes only. This article argues that the objections are not valid if we understand addiction as a generic concept, defined in terms of characteristics shared by several specific types, of which some are called prototypes. Addictions involve neurological adaptations but are not caused by them. They always emerge from culturally regulated behaviours, they are processes rather than on-off conditions, and involve types and pathways that depend on the social conditions in which they evolve. Addicted and normal uses are closely related and governed by images that define the functions, norms, meanings and use-values of the behavior. These will be transformed as addictions develop. The Images Theory of Addiction opens the way to understanding cultural variations in the addictive process, as well as to identify particularly risky images of potentially addictive behaviors. The theory is illustrated with examples from recent comparative studies.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128095043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Problem gambling—a Lacanian Real 问题赌博——拉康式的真实

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.197

A. Borch

{"title":"Problem gambling—a Lacanian Real","authors":"A. Borch","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.197","url":null,"abstract":"Borch, A. (2015). Problem gambling—a Lacanian Real. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 71-76. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.197 The concept of addiction has been criticized for being mainly based on self-reporting in therapeutic and research settings, and that it is functional for people in these settings to report that they are addicted—driven by forces beyond their capacity to control. In this paper, I take this criticism seriously into account and argue that problem gambling belongs to the Lacanian Real, in short, referring to those parts of our existence that might be sensed and even acknowledged, but that never can be wholly grasped. Based on qualitative research of households with reported gambling problems, I argue that neither problem gamblers nor their spouses seem to know why the person gambles and why he or she keeps on gambling even though s/he knows it is damaging. The unknown and incomprehensible aspects of problem gambling (the Real) tend, as part of the gambler’s process of ‘recovering,’ to be repressed and replaced with the concept of addiction. This repression mechanism is observed in other contexts as well, not least in scientific milieux studying gambling, and reflects interests and power in society. Exploring the addiction concept from a critical point of view is necessary to sort truth from myth and make scientific enhancements.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114633316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Models of addiction and types of interventions: An integrative look 成瘾模型和干预类型:综合观察

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.198

Roland Simon, R. West

{"title":"Models of addiction and types of interventions: An integrative look","authors":"Roland Simon, R. West","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.198","url":null,"abstract":"Simon, R., & West, R. (2015). Models of addiction and types of interventions: An integrative look. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 13-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.198 Background: Use of psychoactive substances and problem gambling create serious harm to individuals who engage in these practices and to society as a whole (World Health Organization, 2002). The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) regularly monitors drug-related problems and interventions, as well as the efficiency of interventions. The scope and methodology of monitoring, however, depends on the conceptualization of “addiction.” Methods: The relevant literature was screened for models and theories relating to “addiction,” resulting in a systematic overview of the concepts and related approaches (EMCDDA, 2013). Using this as a background, different approaches for interventions and their theoretical bases are discussed. Results: Models of addiction follow two approaches. Most of these focus on the individual addict, involving constructs such as emotions, drive states, habits, choice, and goal-oriented processes, or else taking a more integrative or change-oriented view. Others are population-based models, including social network, economic, communication, and organizational system models. While substance- and non-substance-related addictions differ in a number of respects, they share key elements: a repeated powerful motivation to engage in a particular behavior, acquired through enacting the behavior, despite the experience or risk of significant harm. Nine different types of intervention to combat addiction found in the literature involve attempts to change one or more of three factors that interact to underpin behavior: capability, opportunity, and motivation (the “COM-B” model). The models of addiction reviewed may serve as a basis for such interventions.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125651546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Addiction: A highly successful, essentially contested concept 上瘾:这是一个非常成功的概念

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.200

A. Borch, Varpu Rantala

引用次数: 1

The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations 1860年至1930年的意大利“酒精问题”:两种对立的科学解释

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research Pub Date : 2015-06-22 DOI: 10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.193

Enrico Petrilli, Franca Beccaria

{"title":"The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations","authors":"Enrico Petrilli, Franca Beccaria","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.193","url":null,"abstract":"Petrilli, E., & Beccaria, F. (2015). The Italian “alcohol question” from 1860 to 1930: Two opposing scientific interpretations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 37-43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.193 Background: In recent years, English-speaking and Northern European alcohol researchers have turned a historical gaze towards their subject, and in particular have explored how a medical view attempted to describe and explain phenomena such as alcohol abuse and addiction. Although there was a heated and prolific debate in Italy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there are few historical studies of the first scholars’ thoughts on alcohol-related problems. Aims: The article depicts how the Italian scientific community interpreted and explained alcohol-related concerns following the emergence of the alcohol issue in the late 19th century. Specifically, the stances of the two main groups of scientists who dealt with the issue, the Positive School of Criminology and Legal Socialism, are examined. Method: The article is based on the materials collected by the Italian research group during a comparative study carried out as part of the ALICE RAP project. More than 40 books and five scientific journals were consulted. Results: Medical-related concerns were never predominant in the late 19th-century Italian debate on the alcohol question, but were addressed in the broader discussion of criminality, where positivists’ and legal socialists’ perspectives both focused mainly on social consequences, albeit with differing interpretations of causalities and remedies.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116510550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1