The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research最新文献

{"title":"Special Issue on the Alcohol Policy 16 Conference: Building Blocks for Sound Alcohol Policies, April 3-5, 2013, Washington, DC","authors":"B. Ryan","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.210","url":null,"abstract":"Ryan, B. (2015). Special Issue on the Alcohol Policy 16 Conference: Building Blocks for Sound Alcohol Policies, April 3-5, 2013, Washington, DC.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (2), 95. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.210 In 1981, the South Carolina Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse convened the first Alcohol Policy conference (AP1) in Charleston, to provide a forum where researchers, practitioners, and prevention advocates could discuss innovative policy approaches and research for preventing alcohol-related problems. Its director, Jerry McCord, used his position to organize AP1 to promote the careful consideration of alcohol policy issues from both a research and practitioner perspective at a time when few public officials were interested in pursuing alcohol control policies as a way to address—and reduce—societal alcohol problems.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"2008 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127315848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective assessment of prenatal alcohol exposure by detection of phosphatidylethanol in stored dried blood spot cards: An objective method for determining prevalence rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy","authors":"Aileen E. Baldwin, Joseph T Jones, Mary R. Jones, C. Plate, D. Lewis","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.209","url":null,"abstract":"Baldwin, A., Jones, J., Jones, M., Plate, C., & Lewis, D. (2015). Retrospective assessment of prenatal alcohol exposure by detection of phosphatidylethanol in stored dried blood spot cards: An objective method for determining prevalence rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (2), 131-137. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.209 Aims: To analyze the efficacy of screening banked newborn dried blood spots (DBS) for detection of phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a direct alcohol biomarker, with the purpose of performing a retrospective assessment of statewide prevalence rates of alcohol consumption in late pregnancy that results in risky prenatal alcohol exposure. Design: Residual DBS samples collected for newborn screening and stored by a state department of public health were examined for concentrations of PEth. The prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure, as determined by this direct alcohol biomarker, was compared to prevalence rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy that have been derived from multiple state-based and national studies using maternal self-report surveys. Setting: DBS cards representative of the general newborn population were collected from multiple hospitals across a single midwestern state. Participants: Two hundred fifty anonymous newborn DBS collected for routine metabolic screening in a midwestern state were requested through the Virtual Repository of Dried Blood Spots. Measures: Concentrations of PEth, a highly specific biomarker of alcohol consumption, were analyzed using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method validated by our laboratory. Findings: Of 2 50 D BS e xamined, 4 % w ere p ositive f or PEth ( PEth ≥ 8 n g/ml) which is indicative of exposure to maternal alcohol consumption during the last month of pregnancy. Conclusions: Detection of PEth from newborn DBS cards can identify prenatal alcohol exposure and also be used for retrospective surveillance of alcohol consumption during the last three to four weeks of pregnancy, using specimens that are collected for routine metabolic screening and stored by many state health departments.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134390523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Alcohol Policy Enforcement Activities among Local Law Enforcement Agencies: A Latent Class Analysis.","authors":"D. Erickson, P. Rutledge, Kathleen M. Lenk, T. Nelson, R. Jones-Webb, T. Toomey","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.204","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS\u0000We assessed levels and patterns of alcohol policy enforcement activities among U.S. local law enforcement agencies.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS\u0000We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1,631 local law enforcement agencies across the 50 states.\u0000\u0000\u0000MEASURES/METHODS\u0000We assessed 29 alcohol policy enforcement activities within each of five enforcement domains-underage alcohol possession/consumption, underage alcohol provision, underage alcohol sales, impaired driving, and overservice of alcohol-and conducted a series of latent class analyses to identify unique classes or patterns of enforcement activity for each domain.\u0000\u0000\u0000FINDINGS\u0000We identified three to four unique enforcement activity classes for each of the enforcement domains. In four of the domains, we identified a Uniformly Low class (i.e., little or no enforcement) and a Uniformly High enforcement activity class (i.e., relatively high levels of enforcement), with one or two middle classes where some but not all activities were conducted. The underage provision domain had a Uniformly Low class but not a Uniformly High class. The Uniformly Low class was the most prevalent class in three domains: underage provision (58%), underage sales (61%), and overservice (79%). In contrast, less than a quarter of agencies were in Uniformly High classes.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000We identified qualitatively distinct patterns of enforcement activity, with a large proportion of agencies in classes characterized by little or no enforcement and fewer agencies in high enforcement classes. An important next step is to determine if these patterns are associated with rates of alcohol use and alcohol-related injury and mortality.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133548790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging youth in alcohol policy: The Lee Law Project","authors":"J. Mosher, Maia E. D’Andrea","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.206","url":null,"abstract":"Mosher, J., & D’Andrea, M. (2015). Engaging youth in alcohol policy: The Lee Law Project.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (2), 113-118. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.206 Aims: (1) Conduct a pilot project to test the effectiveness of a youth development “toolkit” designed to reduce youth exposure to signage on liquor store windows; (2) Highlight the disparity in violation rates of a state law limiting window signage on liquor store windows between low income communities of color and higher income, predominantly Anglo communities. Design : Pilot project/case study. Participating young people, working with adult coaches, photographed liquor store windows in three communities and determined level of compliance with state law limiting liquor store window signage to 33 percent of total window area and requiring clear view of cash register area in the store. Setting: Three communities in Santa Cruz County, California, with diverse income and racial/ethnic compositions. Participants: 71 liquor stores. Measures: Compliance rates of participating liquor stores with state law limiting the amount and placement of window signage. Findings: Low income, predominantly Latino community had significantly lower compliance rates than two nearby higher income, Anglo communities. Youth participants successfully engaged community organizations and policy makers in advocating for voluntary compliance. Conclusions: The toolkit provides a promising model for engaging youth in alcohol policy reform and reducing youth exposure to liquor store signage.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol policies and impaired driving in the United States: Effects of driving- vs. drinking-oriented policies.","authors":"Z. Xuan, Jason G. Blanchette, T. Nelson, T. Heeren, T. Nguyen, T. Naimi","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.205","url":null,"abstract":"AIMS\u0000To test the hypotheses that stronger policy environments are associated with less impaired driving and that driving-oriented and drinking-oriented policy subgroups are independently associated with impaired driving.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000State-level data on 29 policies in 50 states from 2001-2009 were used as lagged exposures in generalized linear regression models to predict self-reported impaired driving.\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000Fifty United States and Washington, D.C.\u0000\u0000\u0000PARTICIPANTS\u0000A total of 1,292,245 adults (≥ 18 years old) biennially from 2002-2010.\u0000\u0000\u0000MEASURES\u0000Alcohol Policy Scale scores representing the alcohol policy environment were created by summing policies weighted by their efficacy and degree of implementation by state-year. Past-30-day alcohol-impaired driving from 2002-2010 was obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys.\u0000\u0000\u0000FINDINGS\u0000Higher Alcohol Policy Scale scores are strongly associated with lower state-level prevalence and individual-level risk of impaired driving. After accounting for driving-oriented policies, drinking-oriented policies had a robust independent association with reduced likelihood of impaired driving. Reduced binge drinking mediates the relationship between drinking-oriented policies and impaired driving, and driving-oriented policies reduce the likelihood of impaired driving among binge drinkers.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Efforts to reduce alcohol-impaired driving should focus on reducing excessive drinking in addition to preventing driving among those who are impaired.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131795334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Girls, women, and alcohol: Implications for alcohol policy","authors":"A. Johnston","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.212","url":null,"abstract":"Johnston, A. (2015). Commentary: Girls, women, and alcohol: Implications for alcohol policy.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (2), 101-102. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.212 Alcohol abuse is rising in much of the developed world, and in many countries, female drinkers are responsible for this growth. This is a global issue: the richer the country, the fewer abstainers and the smaller the gap between male and female behaviour. The new reality: while male consumption is constant or declining, female consumption is on the upswing.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130898785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Why do pregnant South African women drink alcohol? A call to action for more qualitative investigations","authors":"Olufunto A. Olusanya, A. Barry","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.213","url":null,"abstract":"Olusanya, O., & Barry, A. (2015). Letter to the Editor: Why do pregnant South African women drink alcohol? A call to action for more qualitative investigations.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (2), 171-174. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.213 Even though the adverse effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy have been well documented, millions of babies each year continue to be affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This is concerning given that FASD is completely preventable. FASDs have been documented across a variety of races and geographical regions worldwide, yet the highest known prevalence rates are recorded in Africa. Specifically, for every 1000 children born in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, approximately 59.3 to 91.0 are determined to have fetal alcohol syndrome, the most severe form of FASD. While the risk factors contributing to FASDs have been examined quantitatively among South African women, there is a dearth of qualitative investigations that articulate and contextualize the underling motivations, beliefs, and attitudes that influence these risk factors. Qualitative investigations have been conducted in other geographic regions (e.g., Australia), but are not generalizable to South Africa. Qualitative investigations, which explore the familial, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence maternal drinking, are needed to inform future health promotion programs and interventions aimed at decreasing and ultimately eliminating maternal alcohol consumption among South African women.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117006648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: The land of insurmountable opportunities","authors":"R. Denniston","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I2.207","url":null,"abstract":"Denniston, R. (2015). Commentary: The land of insurmountable opportunities.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (2), 97-99. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.207 Much is known about how to change alcohol policy to reduce harm, but despite the evidence little action has been taken at the national level in the United States. Government officials have shown little interest in putting prevention research results to work. The influence of the alcohol industry on policy-makers combined with free market ideology has thwarted change despite the efforts of advocacy groups working to reduce harm. The role of the alcohol industry at the national and international level serves as a powerful deterrent to policy change.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131858470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to alcohol and binge drinking among vocational college students: A multilevel study in a tourist destination province of Thailand","authors":"E. McNeil, Yanisa Inthawong, S. Assanangkornchai","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V5I2.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V5I2.214","url":null,"abstract":"McNeil, E., Inthawong, Y., & Assanangkornchai, S. (2015). Access to alcohol and binge drinking among vocational college students: A multilevel study in a tourist destination province of Thailand.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5 (2), 47-55. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.214 A key issue in alcohol-related harm reduction is the impact of commercial and social availability on alcohol-related problems and harm among young people. The increasing density of alcohol outlets has been shown to be associated with harmful youth drinking behavior, although studies have produced mixed results, underlying the complexity of the situation. Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between density of alcohol outlets and drinking behaviors among vocational college students. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted among full-time students studying in vocational colleges in Phuket, Thailand. Multilevel regression models were used to assess the relationship between alcohol-outlet density and current and binge drinking, controlling for student and school characteristics. Results: A total of 3,363 students completed the self-reported questionnaire (response rate 66.7%). A significant association was found between alcohol-outlet density and binge drinking but not current drinking. Both current and binge drinking were associated with a positive attitude toward drinking, perception of peer and family drinking norms, and social availability of alcohol. For every increase in 10 on-premise alcohol outlets per square kilometer the risk of binge drinking increased by an average of 5%. Empirical evidence regarding this relationship is important to support law and policy movements towards further restriction of alcohol outlets and zoning of entertainment venues.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122057520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction as an adaptation process in the brain, a view from neurobiology","authors":"E. Korpi","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.194","url":null,"abstract":"Korpi, E. (2015). Addiction as an adaptation process in the brain, a view from neurobiology.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 91-94. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.194 Research on the brain mechanisms of dependence on alcohol and drugs of abuse has rapidly advanced during the last two decades. We know the main processes, especially how the drugs are acting on their targets on brain cells, but this basic knowledge has not been well translated to better therapies. Not surprisingly, neurobiological addiction research is tackling the same fundamental questions as all neuropsychiatric research. For example, what are the roles of individual neuronal populations in different phases of addiction (development, maintenance, craving and compulsion, abstinence and relapse)? For preclinical research, novel neurogenetic methods now show great promise to answer at least some of the questions, but more innovative work is required to build models and find mechanisms for social and environmental interactions in addiction and to translate the inventions to clinical therapies. Addiction as a disease concept still gives a proper framework for this line of important research.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117190515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}