The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the Republic of the Congo: Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of prenatal alcohol exposure","authors":"Andrew D. Williams, Yannick Nkombo, Gery Nkodia, G. Leonardson, L. Burd","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.131","url":null,"abstract":"Williams, A., Nkombo, Y., Nkodia, G., Leonardson, G., & Burd, L. (2014). Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the Republic of the Congo: Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of prenatal alcohol exposure. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 105-111 . doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.131 Aims: Development of useful estimates of rates of maternal smoking during pregnancy, and the impact of smoking on rates and duration of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. Design: A prospective study utilizing systematic screening of consecutive pregnant women. Setting: Ten prenatal care sites in Brazzaville, Congo’s largest city, where 50% of live births in the Congo occur. Women were asked to report the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Findings: From the 10 sites, 3,099 women were screened and 5.5% ( n = 172) reported smoking. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 1.1 and only 11% ( n = 19) of the women reported smoking two or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with a 4.9-fold increase in prenatal alcohol exposure during pregnancy. We found that 93% of the women who smoked also used alcohol during pregnancy. Conclusions: While the prevalence of smoking and the average number of cigarettes smoked per day were both low, smoking at any level results in a huge increase in risk for maternal alcohol use during pregnancy. The trend across the developing world is for increasing rates of smoking among women and children. Since the number of cigarettes smoked per day was low, smoking cessation programs and public health warnings may be useful in further reducing rates of smoking during pregnancy and, thus, risk for prenatal alcohol exposure in the Congo. We believe this is the first report quantifying the risk of smoking and prenatal alcohol use in a population of pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126366441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory study of the effectiveness of a professional development program on the academic achievement and classroom behavior of students with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Erica Clark, M. A. George, Cindy L. Hardy, W. Hall, P. Macmillan, Stacey Wakabayashi, K. Hughes","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.119","url":null,"abstract":"Clark, E., George, M., Hardy, C., Hall, W., MacMillan, P., Wakabayashi, S., & Hughes, K. (2014). Exploratory study of the effectiveness of a professional development program on the academic achievement and classroom behavior of students with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in British Columbia, Canada. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 25-34 . doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.119 Aim: Exploratory assessment of a professional development program for teachers supporting students with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Design: A mixed-method research design, using qualitative descriptive and quasi-experimental methods, was employed. Setting: The study occurred in selected public elementary schools in a British Columbia school district. Participants: Elementary school teachers and students with FASD. Measures: For the quasi-experimental component, the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2) Teacher Rating Scale (TRS), and Student Observation System assessed classroom behavior. The Curriculum-Based Measure (CBM) assessed reading, writing, and mathematics skills of children with FASD. Inductive thematic analysis was used to derive themes from teachers’ interviews. Findings: A statistically significant improvement in intervention students’ classroom behavior was observed. An improvement of moderate effect size was seen for academic achievement, although the changes were not statistically significant. Teachers reported that the professional development program changed their teaching practice. Intervention teachers described how they redefined students’ behaviors and adapted their teaching practice to accommodate students’ neurological deficits. Conclusions: The results provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the professional development program for elementary school teachers teaching students with FASD. Further research is needed with a larger sample size to reduce type II error.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"31 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122875267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An international campaign to raise awareness of the risks of drinking in pregnancy","authors":"Stefanie Bazzo, F. Marini, D. Black","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.175","url":null,"abstract":"Bazzo, S., Marini, F., & Black, D. (2014). An international campaign to raise awareness of the risks of drinking in pregnancy. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (1), 113-116. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.175 Prenatal exposure to alcohol is a major cause of birth defects and developmental disorders around the world. Prevention is a complex issue, with one factor being poor understanding of the risks of drinking during pregnancy. Awareness campaigns have emerged as an effective tool to increase knowledge of the risks in a manner which embraces the whole public and avoids creating stigma. Unfortunately many organizations lack the expertise or resources to develop, carry out, and evaluate such campaigns. The EUFASD Alliance, in collaboration with partners in health education from the Local Health Authority of Treviso, Italy, and a creative partner, Fabrica, propose to develop a campaign which can be adapted to countries and cultures around the world. A key goal is empowerment of individuals and local groups to make choices and change behaviors. A network of partners around the world is being developed to carry out the campaign. Most importantly, the effectiveness of the campaign will be evaluated in several key centers around the world.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123784092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders must be recognized globally as a large public health problem","authors":"S. Popova, C. Chambers","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.174","url":null,"abstract":"Popova, S., & Chambers, C. (2014). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders must be recognized globally as a large public health problem. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (1), 1-3. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.174 We are pleased to start a new year by introducing the Second Special Issue on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), which contains 11 original research papers.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132401251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Doc, I didn’t know I was pregnant. Does my baby have fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?”","authors":"C. Green, Jocelynn L. Cook","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.176","url":null,"abstract":"Green, C., & Cook, J. (2014). “Doc, I didn’t know I was pregnant. Does my baby have fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?”. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (1), 117-120. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.176 How much alcohol is “safe” during pregnancy? This is a question for which there is no conclusive answer. Although no mother wants to intentionally harm her baby, the reality is that consuming alcohol during pregnancy can lead to a variety of complex developmental disabilities, collectively termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The precise dosimetry data for the timing and dose of alcohol in pregnancy is unknown, but several features of alcohol metabolism are well characterized and have significant implications for alcohol’s deleterious effects on the developing fetus. There are a number of critical periods in embryonic development, which can be brief or prolonged and that correspond to specific tissues and structures (organ systems). Alcohol at any one of these critical periods can have significant downstream effects on typical fetal development. Alcohol teratogenicity does not produce a single abnormality, but instead can lead to a cluster of birth defects and/or neurodevelopmental abnormalities (i.e., FASD). Each of these cognitive or behavioral problems can vary in its expression, from severe and obvious early in life, to subtle and apparent only years after birth. Based on the variability among women and their fetuses, genetics and environmental influences, it is very unlikely that “absolute risk” for alcohol and pregnancy will ever be established. The age-old question, “How much is too much?”, will also remain unanswered. The best advice: “NO exposure equals NO risk.”","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125710292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a three-year Youth Outreach Program for Aboriginal youth with suspected Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder","authors":"C. Hubberstey, D. Rutman, S. Hume","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.124","url":null,"abstract":"Hubberstey, C., Rutman, D., & Hume, S. (2014). Evaluation of a three-year Youth Outreach Program for Aboriginal youth with FASD. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, X3(1), 63-70. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.124 Aims: This article discusses the process, findings and lessons learned from the external evaluation of the Youth Outreach Program (YOP), a three-year intensive outreach and support program intended for at-risk Aboriginal youth, 13 to 18, with characteristics and/or behaviors associated with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The overall purpose of the formative and summative evaluation was to document the development and early implementation of the program, in order to make adjustments as the program unfolded; and to assess, describe, and document early outcomes for youth participants and community partners. Design: The project employed a mixed-method design using qualitative and quantitative data. Setting: The program and evaluation took place in a small, rural community in British Columbia, Canada. Participants: Program managers, program staff, program participants, community partners, family members of participants. Measures and methods: Triangulation, program output data; program-specific data collection tools, such as qualitative interview guides; participant outcome rating scale. Results: Multiple sources of data revealed that the Youth Outreach Program led to a number of positive outcomes for youth in areas of safety, relationships, school attendance, sexual health, substance use, and knowledge and use of community resources. Conclusions: The Youth Outreach Program made an important contribution in developing and implementing a program model for promoting positive change for highly marginalized youth who display characteristics of FASD and have limited community and family support.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126278015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance abuse treatment outcomes in women with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder","authors":"T. Grant, N. Brown, J. C. Graham, C. C. Ernst","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Grant, T., Novick Brown, N., Graham, J., & Ernst, C. (2014). Substance abuse treatment outcomes in women with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 43-49 . doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.112 Aims: There is little literature describing substance use treatment participation or completion rates for adults with neurocognitive impairments, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). This paper examines inpatient and outpatient substance abuse treatment outcomes among women with diagnosed or suspected FASD compared to women without prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Design: Three-group observational study. Setting: A three-year case management intervention program in Washington State for high-risk women who abuse alcohol and/or drugs during pregnancy. Participants: Group 1: No PAE ( N = 463); Group 2: Diagnosed with FASD (FAS, ARND, fetal alcohol effects, or static encephalopathy) by a qualified physician ( N = 25; 14 included in hypothesis testing); Group 3: Suspected FASD (all reported PAE and displayed behaviors consistent with a clinical diagnosis of FASD) ( N = 61). Measures: Addiction Severity Index and biannual assessment of substance abuse treatment received and alcohol and drug use. Findings: Women with diagnosed/suspected FASD were less likely than those without PAE to attend and complete inpatient and outpatient treatment. Women with diagnosed/suspected FASD who completed treatment were twice as likely to do so within a structured residential setting compared to a less structured outpatient setting. Conclusions: Program structure in substance abuse treatment is important for people with FASD because of brain-based impairments. Outpatient treatment participation requires intact executive function skills (e.g., planning, organizing, sequencing), while structured inpatient treatment is not as challenging because it requires less independent decision-making. We suggest routine intake screening, referral protocols for follow-up diagnostic assessment, maximizing program structure to the extent possible, and modified therapeutic approaches to accommodate disabilities.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129024857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-ACE and predictors of self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy in a large, population-based urban cohort","authors":"M. Hicks, S. Tough, D. Johnston, J. Siever, M. Clarke, R. Sauve, R. Brant, A. Lyon","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.117","url":null,"abstract":"Hicks, M., Tough, S., Johnston, D., Siever, J., Clarke, M., Sauve, R., Brant, R., & Lyon, A. (2014). T-ACE and predictors of self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy in a large, population-based urban cohort. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 51-61 . doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.117 Aims: To determine 1) the relationship between T-ACE score and maternal self-reported alcohol use prior to and during pregnancy, and 2) the relationship between T-ACE score and maternal demographics, mental health and life circumstances. Design: Prospective, population-based cohort study. Setting: Three urban maternity clinics in Calgary, Canada. Participants: 1,929 pregnant women attended by family physicians at low-risk maternity clinics. Measures: Women completed three standardized questionnaires over the telephone in the first and third trimesters and eight weeks post-delivery, including the T-ACE and questions about drug and alcohol use, demographics, mental health and life circumstances. Findings: 43.6% of subjects had a positive T-ACE score at intake (score 2 or greater). A positive T-ACE score was predictive of alcohol use throughout pregnancy, although most women reported no alcohol after the first trimester (93.1%). Multivariate analysis indicated that a positive T-ACE score was significantly associated with being less than 30 years of age; being Caucasian; smoking during pregnancy; having an income of less than $80,000 per annum; having a history of depression; having a history of alcohol use and binge drinking during a previous pregnancy; lower social support; and poor network orientation. Conclusions: There was a positive association between the T-ACE score and maternal self-report of alcohol use, poor mental health and poor social support. Routine use of the T-ACE to assess for risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy may also help identify women with complex needs who could benefit from additional prenatal support.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128889173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia, 2001–2010","authors":"S. Callinan, J. Ferris","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.108","url":null,"abstract":"Callinan, S., & Ferris, J. (2014). Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia, 2001–2010. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 17-24 . doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.108 Aim: The aim of the current study is to examine, using cross-sectional data, the role of maternal age, period (year of pregnancy) and cohort (year of birth) as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy over a 10-year period. Design: Four cross-sectional surveys were examined, both separately and together. Setting: Using cross-sectional data, there does appear to be a positive relationship between maternal age and alcohol consumption during pregnancy; however, within any one survey period, it is difficult to determine if these patterns are due to period or cohort effects. Participants : The National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) is a large-scale survey administered to more than 20,000 respondents. Across four survey periods, 3,281 women reported being pregnant in the 12 months prior to the survey. Measures: The section on pregnancy and alcohol in the NDSHS 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010. Findings: Age was a significant positive predictor of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in 2010. However, when the four data sets were combined, period appeared to be a stronger predictor, with younger groups and cohorts decreasing consumption at a faster rate over time than older groups and cohorts. Conclusions: Although age and cohort do play a role in the likelihood of alcohol consumption among Australian women during pregnancy, period is the most important predictor, indicating that alcohol consumption among pregnant women is decreasing. Furthermore, knowledge of pregnancy results in a marked decrease in consumption, suggesting a possible focus for prevention campaigns.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"291 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120866767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining visual methods with focus groups: An innovative approach for capturing the multifaceted and complex work experiences of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder prevention specialists","authors":"J. Job, Cheryl Poth, J. Pei, Katy Wyper, O'Riordan Teresa, Lin Taylor","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I1.129","url":null,"abstract":"Job, J., Poth, C., Pei, J., Wyper, K., Teresa, O., & Taylor, L. (2014). Combining visual methods with focus groups: An innovative approach for capturing the multifaceted and complex work experiences of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder prevention specialists. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 71-80 . doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.129 Aims: This paper discusses the untapped potential of an innovative methodological approach for capturing the experiences of prevention specialists working with women at risk of drug and/or alcohol-exposed pregnancies and live births. Allowing frontline workers to express their personal and professional experiences through a creative activity enhanced our understanding of the difficult-to-measure programming outcomes of a provincial Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) strategy. Design: A multi-method design integrating focus groups with a quilting activity. Setting: Annual General Meeting of the Parent and Child Assistance Program (PCAP)—a prevention program for women at risk for drug and/or alcohol-exposed pregnancies and live births. Participants: Forty-seven FASD prevention specialists from across Alberta, Canada. Measurements: Triangulation across data sources: seven focus groups and 49 quilting pieces. Results: Thematic analysis revealed four themes: change as a process, client-advocate connection, ecological understanding, and evidence-based practice. The findings from this study contribute improved understanding about the significance of relationships, reflection, and research in the work of FASD prevention specialists. Conclusions: A multi-methods approach (focus groups with a quilting activity) provided an appropriate and trustworthy means of accessing the prevention specialists’ programmatic experience; that experience has the strong potential for informing future FASD policy, strategic planning, and programming.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132893931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}