The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research最新文献

{"title":"The brain craving for gambling? Neurosciences and addiction concept in clinical practice","authors":"Ilpo Helén, Joonas Toivio","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.202","url":null,"abstract":"Helen, I., & Toivio, J. (2015). The brain craving for gambling? Neurosciences and addiction concept in clinical practice.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 45-51. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.202 Aims: Paper discusses the impact of the neuroscientific concept of addiction and expectations related to neurosciences in a clinical setting for treatment of addiction disorders. Design: A case study based on qualitative analysis of scientific publications, research plans, presentations, and interviews of Finnish experts in gambling addictions. Setting: The case studied is a joint project for experimentation of medication (naltrexone) in treatment of gambling addiction by National Institute of Health and Welfare (THL) and Gambling Clinic, a center specialized in counseling for gambling addicts in Helsinki. Results: Although Finnish experts think that deep down all addictions share the same neural mechanisms, they consider gambling addiction a complex phenomenon. Clinical experiments seem to have two parallel objectives: neurophysiological malfunctions of the brain and the addict as the person. Two epistemologies and two concepts of addiction are working side by side in the clinical reasoning of the Finnish experts: the neurobiological one for framing the ‘addicted brain’, and the one derived from cognitive behavioral therapy for the addict. Conclusions: The role of the neurobiological concept of gambling addiction is to back up the therapeutic promise of the experimental project. In a reciprocal manner, the expectation to extend treatment options by the project findings justifies the neuroscientific approach.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123901404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?","authors":"H. Kalant","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V4I1.196","url":null,"abstract":"Kalant, H. (2015). Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?.  The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 53-59. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.196 The initial goal of neurobiological research on addiction was to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the mediation and expression of addictive behavior. More recently, however, it has attributed causal roles to these mechanisms, as illustrated by the definition of addiction as a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to a drug. This concept carries a number of implications that can be assessed experimentally and clinically. None of these implications is borne out by the currently available evidence. The interactions of neuronal systems involved in addiction are also involved in adaptation to experience and environmental change. Much of the neurobiological research to date has not differentiated between causes of addiction, neuronal mechanisms that are activated by them, and risk factors that contribute to individual vulnerability. It has largely ignored the important experiential and environmental influences known to affect the prevalence of addiction in different populations or different times, and it has so far directed much less attention to other forms of addiction-like behavior that do not involve drugs. These failures are not inherent in neurobiological research but require reorientation of objectives, including more emphasis on the study of mechanisms by which environment and experience, including drug experience, can determine whether genetic risk factors are expressed or remain dormant and can direct neuroadaptive mechanisms toward alternative outcomes.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125330108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term changes in substance use among problematic alcohol and drug users from a general population sample","authors":"K. Sinadinovic, P. Wennberg, A. H. Berman","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.186","url":null,"abstract":"Sinadinovic, K., Wennberg, P., & Berman, A. (2014). Short-term changes in substance use among problematic alcohol and drug users from a general population sample. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 277-287. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.186 Aims: To investigate 12-month changes among individuals with baseline problematic use of alcohol or illicit drugs, by gender, age, initial level of substance use, and administration method (Internet or Interactive Voice Response, IVR). Design: 1,861 individuals from a random population sample were screened for problematic alcohol and illicit drug use. Individuals screening positive were followed up after 12 months. Setting: The Swedish general population. Participants: 423 individuals with baseline problematic alcohol (women: AUDIT ≥ 6, men: AUDIT ≥ 8) or drug use (both genders: DUDIT ≥ 1). Measures: AUDIT, DUDIT, AUDIT-C and DUDIT-C scores. Findings: AUDIT scores decreased from 10.43 to 8.62; among 239 participants with baseline problematic alcohol use, 34.3% no longer had problematic use at follow-up. Total DUDIT scores decreased from 4.92 to 2.33; among 51 participants with baseline problematic drug use, 60.8% reported no illicit drug use at follow-up. AUDIT and DUDIT scores decreased more for individuals who at baseline had harmful problematic use, compared to those who had hazardous baseline use. Within-group effect sizes for AUDIT and DUDIT scores varied between 0.29 and 0.69 (Cohen’s d ). Conclusions: Data on short-term change in problematic substance use in a random general population sample could constitute a reference point for comparisons for uncontrolled treatment studies.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidents of harm in European drinking environments and relationships with venue and customer characteristics","authors":"Z. Quigg, K. Hughes, M. Bellis, Ninette van Hasselt, A. Calafat, M. Košir, Mariàngels Duch, M. Juan, L. Voorham, F. Goossens","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.180","url":null,"abstract":"Quigg, Z., Hughes, K., Bellis, M., van Hasselt, N., Calafat, A., Kosir, M., Duch, M., Juan, M., Voorham, L., & Goossens, F. (2014). Incidents of harm in European drinking environments and relationships with venue and customer characteristics. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 269-275. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.180 Aim: Research shows there are associations between bar environments and alcohol-related harms. However, few European studies have examined such links. Our study investigates the type of harms experienced by patrons in European bars, and their relationships with individual, social and environmental factors. Design: Unobtrusive one-hour observational visits. Characteristics of the bar environment, staff and patrons, and harms observed were recorded on structured schedules. Setting: Bars in four cities in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Participants: 238 observations across 60 bars. Measures: Analyses utilized chi-squared, analyses of variance and logistic regression. Findings: 114 incidents of harm were observed; in one-fifth of visits, at least one incident was recorded. People falling over, arguing or being so severely intoxicated that they required assistance to walk were the most common incidents observed. Bivariate analyses showed associations between a range of staffing, customer and environmental characteristics, and incidents of harm. Controlling for city and venue, only a permissive environment remained significant in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Harms occurring in nightlife venues are typically minor. However, such incidents have the potential to escalate into more serious harms; thus, prevention is crucial. Prevention should focus on improving venue management practice and on the behavioral standards expected of customers.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130723284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbid mental disorders among clients in addiction treatment: The costs of care","authors":"K. Urbanoski, J. Rehm, S. Lange, S. Popova","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.183","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanoski, K., Rehm, J., Lange, S., & Popova, S. (2014). Comorbid mental disorders among clients in addiction treatment: The costs of care. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 297-304. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.183 Aims: To compare the volume and costs of services for clients with and without comorbid mental disorders in an addiction treatment system. Design: Secondary data analysis. Setting: Administrative data for the fiscal year 2010–2011 were abstracted from the Drug and Alcohol Treatment Information System (DATIS). Participants: Data represents all clients entering publicly funded services in Ontario in the fiscal year 2010–2011 ( N = 41,953). Measures: Service costs were calculated using recent estimates of the cost per outpatient visit and day of residential care. Average numbers of visits/days per client, with and without mental disorders, were compared across gender and age subgroups. Findings: Overall, 22% of clients treated in 2010–2011 reported a past-year mental disorder. The costs of services for these clients were estimated to be between $18.5 and $40.3 million (in Canadian dollars), or 20% of the total service costs for the year. The largest difference in average volume of care was seen for residential treatment, where having a mental disorder was associated with seven fewer days of care. On average, during the period studied, among those without mental disorders, men spent 20 more days in residential care than did women. Conclusions: At the system-level in Ontario, clients with mental disorders did not account for a disproportionate amount of the total costs of care during the year. While these findings may signal a mismatch between the needs of clients with co-occurring disorders and their use of services, it is also possible that such clients receive additional care in other treatment sectors. Further study is warranted to explore potential unmet needs among clients with co-occurring disorders in addiction treatment.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131930972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the stability of risk factors for adolescent cannabis use","authors":"M. Hallgren, H. Källmén","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.184","url":null,"abstract":"Hallgren, M., & Kallmen, H. (2014). Monitoring the stability of risk factors for adolescent cannabis use. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 235-243. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.184 Aims: To identify factors associated with repeated cannabis use among Swedish adolescents aged 15 and 17 years and assess the stability of these factors over time, in the context of rising cannabis use and recent socio-economic changes. Design: Two cross-sectional surveys completed in 2006 and 2012 are compared. Setting: Secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants: 15- and 17-year-old secondary-school students surveyed in 2006 ( n = 11,895) and 2012 ( n = 13,004). Response rates were 76% and 77%, respectively. Measures: Bivariate and multivariate analyses of the Stockholm Student Survey identified associations between repeated cannabis use (2 to 4 times or more) and 20 presumed risk factors. Findings: Despite socio-economic changes in Sweden and recent increases in cannabis use, the factors associated with repeated cannabis use among adolescents have remained stable in recent years. Four key variables were identified in both survey years: having drug-using friends, cigarette smoking, early alcohol debut, and high drug availability. Conclusions: Multi-component prevention strategies that ameliorate peer influences on drug taking and reduce cigarette smoking are highly recommended. Preventing the initiation of alcohol consumption at an early age and reducing drug availability may also reduce the risk of cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127785144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social networks and alcohol consumption among first generation Chinese and Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles metropolitan area","authors":"C. Hofstetter, J. Clapp, Jon-Patrick Allem, Suzanne Hughes, Yawen Li, V. Irvin, Alan, J. Daly, S. Kang, M. Hovell","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.188","url":null,"abstract":"Hofstetter, C., Clapp, J., Allem, J., Hughes, S., Li, Y., Irvin, V., Daly, A., Kang, S., & Hovell, M. (2014). Social networks and alcohol consumption among first generation Chinese and Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 245-255. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.188 Aims: To test hypotheses involving mechanisms of reinforcement of alcohol behaviors operating in social networks. Design: Telephone interviews conducted by professional interviewers in Mandarin or Korean or English with first generation Chinese (from Mainland or Taiwan) and Korean immigrants residing using a dual frame stratified sampling design. Combined probability and non-probability approaches for sampling due to the widespread use of cell phones. Interviews were conducted in language of preferences with over 95% of interviews in Korean or Mandarin. Setting: Residents of three counties with the largest proportions of eligible residents (Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino) were included. Participants: Adult residents (21 and over) stratified by gender who could be reached by telephone constituted the sample. Measures: Measures included frequency/amount alcohol consumption drawn from NIAAA standard, a “relax, socialize, have fun with” name generator was used to identify alters. Reinforcers within networks were measured by participant reports of amount of alter drinking, drunkenness, and encouragement to drink, acculturation, and demographic variables were measured by self report. Findings: Using a random effects approach and controlling for other variables, including drinking in the network, acculturation, Korean/Chinese origin, and demographics, source of immigration, network context, as was and sampling frame, encouragement to drink in the network was related to drinking ( P <.05). Conclusions: Studies of social networks in relation to health behaviors should include measures of actions within networks, especially reinforcers of behaviors, in order to understand the functioning and consequences of networks.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131913086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of first incidence of alcohol use disorders in the Lundby cohort from 1947-1997","authors":"C. Mattisson, M. Bogren, V. Horstmann, L. Öjesjö","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.185","url":null,"abstract":"Mattisson, C., Bogren, M., Horstmann, V., & Ojesjo, L. (2014). Predictors of first incidence of alcohol use disorders in the Lundby cohort from 1947-1997. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 257-267. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.185 Objective: Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), although there are relatively few recent incidence studies. The present study aimed to assess the incidence of AUD by age, gender and SES and to analyse AUD’s association with mental disorder. Method: Information about mental disorders, including first incidence cases of AUD, was assessed in the Lundby cohort ( n =3,563) by field investigations in 1947, 1957, 1972 and 1997. Incidence calculations were based on 3,372 individuals without prior AUD. For the two genders, age-standardised incidences of AUD for the 25-year periods of 1947-1972 and 1972-1997 were compared. Possible risk factors for incident AUD were analysed by means of Cox regression analyses for the whole sample and for each sex separately. Results: A total of 233 first incidence AUD cases were detected (198 males, 35 females. Incidence rates, expressed as number of cases per 1000 person years, were highest for working class males at 5.46 cases per 1000 person years for the period 1 of July 1947, to 30 June 1972 and 4.77 for the period 1 of July 1972 to 30 June 1997, respectively. Middle class males showed intermediate incidence rates of 2.73 and 2.65. Self-employed males showed the lowest incidence rates of 2.50 and 1.47. Females generally had much lower incidence, although they showed a non-significant tendency for higher incidence rates in the latter period. A diagnosis of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and unspecific neurotic states increased the risk for developing first incident AUD. Conclusion: Working class males had higher annual incidence of alcoholism in both time periods relative to middle class and self-employed males. Mental disorder increased the risk for AUD among both genders.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123489822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is early alcohol consumption related to adult alcohol use? Longitudinal analyses based on the Northern Sweden Cohort","authors":"P. Delfabbro, A. Hammarström","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.187","url":null,"abstract":"Delfabbro, P., & Hammarstrom, A. (2014). Is early alcohol consumption related to adult alcohol use? Longitudinal analyses based on the Northern Sweden Cohort. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (4), 227-233. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.187 Aim: This paper examines whether early alcohol consumption is related to adult alcohol consumption and self-reported health. Design: 1,083 people were tracked from the age of 16 years in 1981 to the age of 43, with 94% of the living respondents (n = 1,010) retained in the study. Setting: Data were drawn from the Northern Swedish Cohort study. Measures: Alcohol consumption at age 16 was the independent measure. Dependent measures included the level of alcohol consumption at age 43 years and self-reported health status. Socio-demographic control variables included parental relationship status, occupational status and employment, as well as the respondent’s smoking status and level of social alienation. Findings: Women who drank alcohol at greater amounts at age 16 were more likely to drink at a higher level at age 43. No relationship was found between male consumption at age 16 and health or alcohol consumption at age 43. Alcohol consumption at age 16 was not significantly related to self-reported health at age 43 after other background variables had been controlled. Conclusions: The results partially support previous research indicating an association between adolescent and longer-term adult drinking and health, but also highlight the importance of examining the role of socio-demographic factors as influential confounding variables.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114172639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and associated factors of alcohol consumption among Southern Thai adolescents, 2003–2009","authors":"N. Tantirangsee, S. Assanangkornchai, A. Geater","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I3.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I3.152","url":null,"abstract":"Tantirangsee, N., Assanangkornchai, S., & Geater, A. (2014). Trends and associated factors of alcohol consumption among Southern Thai adolescents, 2003–2009. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (3), 219 – 225. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i3.152 Aims: To examine the trends in and the factors associated with the use of alcohol among high school students during the period from 2003 to 2009 in southern Thailand. Design: School-based biannual cross-sectional surveys. A self–administered, voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was used to collect data on current alcohol drinking and demographic variables. The time trends were evaluated using a Chi-squared test for trend. The factors associated with alcohol consumption were examined by survey logistic regression models. Setting: High school student sample in southern Thailand. Participants: Grade 7, 9 and 11 students. The numbers of students sampled were 10,972, 9,005, 6,097 and 5,573 in 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2009, respectively. Measures: The association of the use of alcohol over a 30-day period with year of survey and demographic variables including gender, school level, school location, GPA and religion. Findings: Prevalence of the use of alcohol over a 30-day period in grade 11 students tended to increase in males ( p -value < 0.001) with no change in females, but the trends of drinking in younger students (grades 7 and 9) decreased over the years in both genders ( p -value < 0.001). Male gender ( OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.91–2.44), higher school years (grade 9: OR 2.66, 95% CI 2.35–3.01 and grade 11: OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.41–3.55), Buddhism ( OR 3.50, 95% CI 2.65–4.64) and low school record ( OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.30–1.75) were variables associated with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The prevalence of young drinkers decreased over the years covered in this study, although the prevalence among senior high school students increased. Specific interventions should be designed and integrated in school activities to reduce the prevalence of alcohol consumption.","PeriodicalId":162336,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132915418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}