Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献

{"title":"Overexpression, purification and characterization of a heat-stable peroxisomal glutathione reductase from Oryza sativa involved in multifactorial abiotic stress tolerance","authors":"Pamela Chanda Roy ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Ojha ,&nbsp;Welka Sahu ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon ,&nbsp;K. Sony Reddy ,&nbsp;Gopal Chowdhary","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stress is the major bottleneck in obtaining the full potential of a standing crop. Various strategies have been investigated to impart abiotic stress tolerance. In the agricultural field, the stress conditions do not act in isolation rather they act synergistically in combinations against the wellbeing of the crop. The combined impact of abiotic stress conditions has been referred to as stress matrix or stress combination. Here, we have proposed a probable candidate that could be instrumental in imparting tolerance against stress matrix or stress combination. The investigation was made on a peroxisome localized glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme from the economically significant crop <em>Oryza sativa</em>. The protein was expressed in the <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> system, purified and characterized. The enzyme was found to be active even at an elevated temperature of 55℃, demonstrating its abiotic stress tolerance properties. Further, the gene expression studies showed it to be upregulated under salinity, dehydration, low and high temperature. The expression was also investigated under various stress combinations and it was observed that the level of GR mRNA was found to be higher in the case of combined stress treatment as compared to individual stress conditions suggesting an additive effect phenomenon. The results obtained here put this peroxisomal GR in the spotlight for imparting abiotic stress combinations studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic background of Diego blood group in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Amr J. Halawani ,&nbsp;Saif Elden B. Abdalla ,&nbsp;Abdullah Meshi ,&nbsp;Ghalia Shamlan ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Habibullah","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multiply-transfused patients are prevalent in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Alloimmunization may occur in case of red cell incompatibility. Therefore, extensive serotyping for other blood groups is essential. Two alleles of the Diego (DI) blood group system, <em>DI*A</em> and <em>DI*B</em> encode the main DI antigens Di(a + b–) and Di(a–b+), respectively. Anti-Di^a and anti-Di^b can be involved in transfusion reactions and pregnancy issues. This study aimed to investigate the allele and genotype frequencies of the DI blood groups in Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One-hundred-fifty samples were collected from Saudi blood donors in Jazan Province. DNA was extracted and sequence-specific primers were designed to amplify the SNV region (rs2285644), which distinguishes the <em>DI*A</em> allele from the <em>DI*B</em> allele. The resulting PCR amplicons were sequenced.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The frequency of <em>DI*B</em> alleles was 100 %, while the <em>DI*A</em> allele was not observed. Therefore, the only detected genotype was <em>DI*B/DI*B</em> at 100 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reported the allele and genotype frequencies of the DI blood group system in Saudi Arabia. This study may help establish a national database for blood groups in Jazan region. Moreover, it may help to reduce the risk of alloimmunization by providing matching blood units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New record of Phylloteles hyalipennis (Baranov, 1934) (Diptera: Miltogramminae) from North India, with morphology, life cycle and SEM study of immature stages","authors":"Rohit Kumar ,&nbsp;Althaf Hussain Shaik ,&nbsp;Madhu Bala","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>First time from North India, the immature stages of a species of the genus <em>Phylloteles</em> Loew, 1844, are described, with a redescription of the adults. The research explored the morphological characteristics and distribution of <em>Phylloteles hyalipennis</em> (Baranov, 1934) from India. This study aims to enhance species identification and potentially revise classification of this scientifically important group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gravid females of this species were collected from the decomposing chicken meat from the Union territory Jammu and Kashmir (India), and larvae were reared under optimal conditions to get a pure colony. The immature stages were examined under light as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results included descriptions of adult morphology, systematic classification, and detailed analysis of immature stages. The Pseudocephalon, maxillary palpus, anterior and posterior spiracles, and variations of thoracic and abdominal segments, anal region, and details of cephaloskeleton of immatures were utilized as key characters for species identification in case of immature stages and presented along with illustrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study provides valuable insights into the poorly understood larval morphology of Miltogramminae, specifically in Oriental taxa. This information can stipulate new characteristics for species identification in case of immature stages and enhances systematics of Indian Sarcophagidae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of antimicrobial, antioxidant and reactive oxygen species and caspases 3/9 mediated Anticancerous activity of β-Glucan particles derived from Pleurotus ostreatus against cervical cancer cells HeLa","authors":"Sara A. Seifeldin ,&nbsp;Tarun Kumar Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Rashmi Trivedi ,&nbsp;Raja Rezgui ,&nbsp;Amir Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer has been the foremost global cause of death, resulting in over 20 million incidences and 10 million fatalities as per WHO GLOBOCAN 2022 statistics. Cervical cancer ranks 8th among all cancer types, leading an earnest global health burden, and demands innovative therapeutic strategies. While conventional treatments often face limitations, natural bioactive compounds offer potential alternatives. This study delved into the anticancer properties of β-Glucan particles, a polysaccharide derived from the <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> (<em>P. ostreatus</em>) mushroom. <em>P. ostreatus</em> has recently garnered attention for its myriad health benefits. It was reported that Polysaccharide fraction derived from Oyster mushroom stimulated Immunomodulatory effect against cancer cells which lead to further explore active constituents. One of its fiber constituents, β-Glucan, has been documented to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, immunogenic, and prebiotic activities without harm. Given its restricted exploration and enigmatic mechanisms, it presents an excellent opportunity for a thorough investigation of its characteristics. Our findings unravel that β-glucan exhibits significant cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, β-glucan induces apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and morphological changes in the nucleus. Moreover, the activation of caspase 3/9, key apoptotic markers, further supports the pro-apoptotic effects of β-glucan. β-glucan exhibits notable antimicrobial activity, underscoring its diverse therapeutic capabilities. The collective findings of this research indicate that <em>P. ostreatus</em>-derived β-Glucan particles presents a compelling opportunity for the advancement of innovative, natural-based anticancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature importance and model performance for prediabetes prediction: A comparative study","authors":"Saeed Awad M Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Hussah M Alobaid ,&nbsp;Jamilah Alshammari ,&nbsp;Safa A Alqarzae ,&nbsp;Sheka Yagub Aloyouni ,&nbsp;Ahood A. Al-Eidan ,&nbsp;Salwa Alhamad ,&nbsp;Abeer Almiman ,&nbsp;Fadwa M Alkhulaifi ,&nbsp;Suliman Alomar","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Prediabetes is a significant health condition that elevates the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other associated complications. This study aims to (1) explore the potential of machine learning models to improve the prediction of prediabetes, (2) compare the performance of various machine learning models with traditional regression methods, and (3) identify the most influential demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors associated with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and employed comprehensive data preprocessing techniques. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess correlations between features and prediabetes risk. Feature importance was quantified using Adjusted Mutual Information values. Multiple machine learning models, including Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Neural Network, and Logistic Regression, were used for prediction. The best model was selected and validated through cross-validation to ensure robustness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant associations were observed between prediabetes and key predictors such as cholesterol levels, BMI categories, hypertension status, age groups, and income categories. Among the models tested, Random Forest demonstrated the highest accuracy and robustness, outperforming traditional regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the potential of machine learning to enhance prediabetes prediction and underscores the importance of identifying high-risk individuals for early intervention. The findings contribute to population health strategies by integrating advanced analytical methods with public health data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging pathways in electrical, magnetic and thermoelectric performance of different concentration of iron doped cobalt oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Numan Abbas ,&nbsp;Jian-Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Gill ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zeeshan Asad ,&nbsp;Arslan Mahmood ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ikram ,&nbsp;Sohail Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Atif ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jehanzaib Aslam","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current study was reported that to tune the magnetic, electrical and thermoelectric properties of Co₃O₄NPs by using different concentration of iron (0, 3 and 5 wt%). The Fe doped Co₃O₄ NPs were synthesized by using co-precipitation method. The XRD was use to identify the cubic spinel structure and crystallite size range from 15 to 24 nm. The porous like surface morphology changed into tiny spherical grain with 5 % Fe doped Co₃O₄ NPs was observed via SEM micrographs. After that the presence of CoO, FeO, CO, CO₂ and OH was identify with the help of FTIR analysis. In addition, VSM analysis shows that magnetization increase (20.918 E-3 to 73.843E-3 emu), corecivity, retentivity and ferromagnetic behavior decreased by increasing Fe concentration in Co₃O₄ NPs. Further, two probe method was used to examine the relation between resistivity and conductivity. It was observed that the resistivity decreases (9 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10³ to 3 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10³ Ω m) and conductivity increased (1.1<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10^-⁴ to 3.3<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10^-⁴ Ω^-1m⁻¹) upto significant level. Finally, thermoelectric property was identified to calculate seebeck coefficient and power factor. Thermoelectric result shows that due to increase the distance between source and substrate then seebeck coefficient and power factor increased. The seebeck coefficient values indicated that due to decrease the resistivity the carrier concentration increase upto significant value at optimum temperature. The synthesized nano-material will be suitable for spintronic devices, supercapacitor for electrode material and temperature sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable nanoparticles of Non-Zero-valent iron (nZVI) production from various biological wastes","authors":"T. Sathish ,&nbsp;Jolly Masih ,&nbsp;Anirudh Gupta ,&nbsp;Anuj Kumar ,&nbsp;L. Raja ,&nbsp;Vikash Singh ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Al-Enizi ,&nbsp;Bidhan Pandit ,&nbsp;Manish Gupta ,&nbsp;N. Senthilkumar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yusuf","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the growing importance of biological wastes (such as leaves from pomegranate, green tea, oak, lemon, orange, peach, kiwi, and neem) based iron nanoparticles over the past ten years and their applications in the environment, it is important to investigate new methods for nanoparticle production. Significant research has been conducted in this field as synthesizing these materials now requires careful consideration of green chemistry principles, minimization of disposal, cleaner solvents, energy efficiency, and caring precursor ingredients. The goal of this work is to evaluate the characteristics of environmentally friendly, sustainable non-zero-valent Iron (nZVI) nanoparticle production<!--> <!-->from different tree’s’ leaves. The requirements required for a product for environmental cleanup were taken into consideration when examining size, form, reactivity, and aggregation propensity. Three categories can be formed from the results of extracts in terms of antioxidant measurements (reported concentration of Fe (II)): &gt;60 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L to 40 mmol/L, and 2 mmol/L to 5 mmol/L. Neem, oak, and green tea leaves yield the highest effects when compared to other tree leaves. It is possible to inject a different emulsion into the contaminated zone that contains nZVI, vegetable oil, and water. The best leaf extracts and operating conditions for generating sustainable nanoparticles from the bio-wastes of plant leaves must be chosen in order to use green nZVIs in environmental cleanup. These environmentally friendly nZVI nanoparticles can be used to treat impure waters to get rid of heavy metals and can use<!--> <!-->as an emulsion for paints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide and expression analysis to understand the DUF789 gene family during development of Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Madiha Zaynab ,&nbsp;Yasir Sharif ,&nbsp;Rashid Al-Yahyai ,&nbsp;Athar Hussain ,&nbsp;Monther Sadder ,&nbsp;Kahkashan Perveen ,&nbsp;Najat A. Bukhari ,&nbsp;Shuangfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteins with domains of unknown function (DUF) play an essential role in the growth of plants. However, we conducted a study on the genome-wide identification of <em>DUF789</em> genes and the functional evolution of different members of the <em>DUF789</em> gene family in the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> genome. A total of 11 <em>AtDUF789s</em> were discovered in the <em>A. thaliana</em> genome, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using sequences from <em>A. thaliana</em>, <em>G. max, Vitis vinifera, Solanum tuberosum, Medicago truncatula</em>, and <em>Sorghum bicolor.</em> Gene structure analysis showed that the number of non-coding regions varied between 4 and 5, while the coding pattern ranged from 5 to 6. The promoter of <em>AtDUF789s</em> contains the <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements ABRE, MBS, and LTR, specifically. By analyzing the expression of the 11 <em>AtDUF789s</em> in tissues, we observed that these <em>AtDUF789s</em> were up-regulated in all observed tissues, which may indicate their involvement in plant growth. The study of the <em>DUF789</em> gene family in <em>A. thaliana</em> provides new and valuable data for plant breeding and molecular studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, toxicity prediction, computational investigation, and molecular docking studies of 2-thiophenecarbonitrile","authors":"Vaithilingam Sasikala ,&nbsp;Vadivelu Balachandran ,&nbsp;Natarajan Elangovan ,&nbsp;Sinouvassane Djearamane ,&nbsp;Natarajan Arumugam ,&nbsp;Ling Shing Wong ,&nbsp;Saminathan Kayarohanam","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular docking are pivotal computational techniques in modern chemistry and drug design. This work investigates the electronic structure and reactivity of 2-thiophenecarbonitrile (2TCN) with an emphasis on important factors such as HOMO-LUMO energy gap, MEP, Mulliken atomic charges, natural population analysis, and Mutiwfn (ELF, LOL, ALIE, and RDG) analysis. The MEP and FMO studies were calculated in various solvents like acetonitrile, water, gas, and methanol. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant investigations revealed substantial activities by 2TCN. Additionally, molecular docking studies are performed to elucidate the binding interaction between the compound and target proteins, providing insights into its potential therapeutic mechanisms. The results demonstrate the binding energies, interaction residues, and the most favorable docking poses. This approach underscores the integration of theoretical and computational methods in advancing molecule design and therapeutic discovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in predicting treatment outcomes and disease severity in tuberculosis","authors":"Gopinath Ramalingam ,&nbsp;Javed Masood Khan ,&nbsp;Sharmila Jasmine ,&nbsp;Gowsalya Saminathan ,&nbsp;Elanchezhiyan Manickan ,&nbsp;Ponnulakhmi Rajagopal ,&nbsp;Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaraman","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is an age-old disease that remains a significant global public health issue. The protective response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a complex and multifaceted process involving several components of the immune system, primarily driven by the cooperation between macrophages and T-cell populations. Various animal and human studies have well established the influential roles that cytokines and chemokines play in determining the outcome of MTB infection. The study focused on assessing the influence of Th1 and Th2 responses in tuberculosis by examining the current cytokine profiles in TB patients, emphasizing Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and comparing these profiles with those of patients undergoing treatment and a control group. Additionally, the relationship between cytokine status and the patients’ sex and age was assessed. The analysis of Th1/Th2 cytokines revealed a dichotomy between untreated and treated conditions. The results showed that untreated individuals suffered from a Th1 cytokine deficiency. However, this condition was reversed following the administration of anti-TB antibiotics, with patients who received these drugs showing a shift towards a protective Th1 cytokine profile. Cytokines play a decisive role in various infectious diseases, and this study confirms that TB is among them. The findings from this research could pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in tuberculosis research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}